Biography
Ivan Shishkin "anogara" mumusha wega wega weRussia kana imba. Kunyanya mune nguva dzeSoviet, varidzi vaida kushongedza madziro nemabhandi ekupenda nemhizha, kubviswa kubva mumagazini. Uyezve, nebasa rekurwadziwa, maRussia anoziva kubva achiri mudiki - fani mumasango emapine akashongedza kuputira kwechokoreti. Muhupenyu hwatenzi tarenda, "sango bogatyr" uye "mambo wesango" sechiratidzo chekuremekedza kugona kuimba runako rwechisikigo.Hudu uye Vechidiki
Runyorwa rwemangwana rakazvarwa mumhuri yeVerchatch Ivan Vasilevic Shishkin muna Ndira 25, 1832. Utsi hwemhizha hwakapfuura muElaula (munguva dzamambo, yaive chikamu cheVyatka Province, nhasi ndiyo Republic of Tatarstan). Baba vaida uye vanoremekedzwa mutaundi diki dunhu, Ivan vedenga kunyange kwemakore akati wandei akabata chigaro chemusoro wemusoro wekugadzirisa. Pakutanga kwemutengesi uye nemari yake, Elauga akawana tambo yematanda yematanda, iyo ichiri kushanda zvishoma. Shishkin akauyawo kune vanhu venguva nenguva nebhuku rekutanga nezve nhoroondo yenyika yekwaKigen.
Kuve munhu anoverengeka uye pragmatic, Ivan veViduvich vakaedza kuti mwanakomana vanya vane nesainzi, uye mukomana wacho aimutuma, akamutuma, uye mwana wekutanga, akamutuma, kuti vana vagamuchire dzidzo inogashira. Nekudaro, vechidiki Ivan Shishkin kubva paucheche vachikwezva hunyanzvi. Naizvozvo, munzvimbo yedzidzo yakakurumidza kubhururuka, uye akakanda, achiti aisada kutendeuka kuva mukuru.
Kudzokera kumba kwakavhiringidza vabereki, kunyanya Siblos, nekukurumidza kana madziro ejira rekurovedza muviri kuruboshwe, akatanga kukwezva usazvidzikiso. Amai Daria AlexandRovna vakatyisidzirwa nekusakwanisa kweIvan vachifanira kudzidza, vanoshatiriswa uye chokwadi chekuti achiri kuyaruka haashandirwi kuzvinhu zvekumba, anobata neanoda chero ani zvake asingade "pepa rekutamba." Baba vakatsigira mumwe wake, kunyangwe muchivande vakafara vakabvunzwa mumutsara wetsitsi kune yakanaka. Kuti irege kusekwa vabereki, muimbi aiita mukukwevera usiku - saka nhanho dzekutanga mukupenda dzakasarudzwa.
Kupenda
Nguva iri, Ivan "akadzinga" bhurashi. Asi kana maartist avo vakadzingwa muElauruga kubva kuguta guru rekupenda reChechi Iconicasis, naShishkin kwenguva yekutanga vakafunga nezve basa rekugadzira. Sezvo akadzidza kubva kuMascoves nezvevanhu vechikoro chekupenda uye kuongorora, jaya rakabata moto nehope kuti rive mudzidzi weiyi inoshamisa yedzidzo institution.
Baba vachinetseka, asi zvakadaro vakabvuma kuti Mwanakomana aende kumakesi akareba - akapa kuti vana havakanda uye vadzidze ikoko, uye vanowanzoita kuti vatangezve charles BRyoullov. Biography yeiyo Great Shishkin yakaratidza - izwi riri pamberi pemubereki rinoremekedzwa zvisina mhosva.
Muna 1852, chikoro cheMoscow chekupenda uye chinotyisa chakatora mukati mavo Ivan Shishkin, akawira pasi peCarity of the Artist Apollo Mkritsky. Mukurwadziwa kwekutanga kukwezva nyika, mukudhirowa kwaakazvidzidzira. Nenguva isipi nezve tarenda rinopenya reasterisk mutsva muBisterisk muAngano, Chikoro chose chakadzidza: Vadzidzisi uye vandaidzidza navo vakapemberera chipo chakasiyana chekukwevera munda.
Diploma yechikoro yaSchishkina yakazova zvishoma, uye muna 1856 akapinda muT. Petersburg Imperial Acderemy of Arts, iyo yakakundawo moyo yevadzidzisi. Ivan Ivanovich akadzidza uye akashamisika kugona mukupenda.
Mugore rekutanga, muimbi akaenda pane zhizha tsika kuchitsuwa cheValaam, nekuti marudzi eramangwana akagamuchira menduru huru yegoridhe kubva kuaccount. Munguva yezvidzidzo zvake, firimu renhema rakadzoreredzwa nedzimwe sirivheri sirivheri uye menduru diki dzegoridhe dzekupenda ne St. Petersburg Landscapes.
Mushure mekupera kweChikoro, Ivan Ivanovich akakwanisa kuvandudza hunyanzvi kunze kwenyika. A tardented grateate akagadza basa rakakosha, uye Shishkin, asina kuremerwa nekutarisirwa kuti azviitire chimedu chechingwa, akaenda kuMunich, obva kuZurich, Genva naDusseldorf.
Pano muimbi akaedza mauto egumi "Tsarist vodka", Bhaibheri rakanyorwa zvikuru, iro mufananidzo wekupedzisira wakaburitswa "panjodzi yeDüsseldorf". Kupenya, kushanda kwemhepo kwakaenda kumusha kwake - nekuda kweShishkin yake akagamuchira musoro weAcademican.
Kwemakore matanhatu, akaziva chimiro chenyika yekumwe, asi Tosca munyika yokumusha kwake akatora kumusoro, Ivan Shishkin akadzokera kumusha kwake. Mumakore ekutanga, muimbi anonyengera akapikiswa pamapepa eRussia achitsvaga nzvimbo dzinonakidza, hunhu husina kujairika. Kana ichionekwa muSt. Petersburg, maartist evatambi vakatora chikamu mumabasa. Iyo inyorira drove ushamwari ne konstantin savitsky, the archka of Queenji and Ivan Kramsky.
Mumakore makumi manomwe, makirasi akawedzerwa. Ivan Ivanovich akaverengerwa pamwe chete nevanoshanda naye mubatanidzwa weMidhi-mobile Exhibitions, mukufananidza kujoinha musangano weAQOOFORT. Yakanga yakamirira murume uye zita idzva - kuti pendi "resango resango", mumweya akamumisa kune akati wandei mapurofesa.
Muhafu yechipiri ye 1870s, Ivan Shishkin akapotsa yakarasikirwa nenzvimbo iyo yakakwanisa kugara mumatenderedzwa emhizha. Sezvo anga aine dambudziko romunhu oga (kufa kwemukadzi wake), mumwe murume aive achinwa uye akavhiringidza shamwari nevadiwa. Haana kumutora mumaoko ake, achiseka musoro wake. Panguva iyoyo, nyanzvi "rye", "chando chekutanga", "Pine bor" yakabva pasi peminhenga yatenzi. Ivan Ivanovich's oga nyika inotsanangurwa seiyi: "Chii chinonyanya kufarira? Hupenyu uye kuratidzwa kwaro, ikozvino, senguva dzose. "
Nguva pfupi yekufa kweIvan Shishkin akakokwa kudzidzisa muchikoro chepamusoro cheArt kuChikoro chehunyanzvi. Magumo ezana ramakore raIkix akamanidzirwa nekudzikira kwechikoro chekare chevashandi, wechidiki anofarira kunamatira kune mamwe maitiro ekunyepedzera, zvakadaro
Ivan Ivanovich aida kutaurirana nevanyori vechidiki uye kunyange akaedza kuita zvinangwa zvitsva pabasa rake. Munguva yekudzidzisa, iyo muripo akafunga nezvehunyanzvi hwakatanhamara Valentina Selev.
Ongorora tarenda remuimbi, biographers uye mafani eShishkin ane biologist runako rwechisikigo Ivan Ivanovich akanyatsonaka kudzidza zvidyarwa. Usati waenderera kubasa, akawa moss, madiki mashizha, huswa.
Zvishoma nezvishoma, maitiro ayo akaumbwa akaumbwa, mune izvo zvekuedza zvakavharwa nemusanganiswa wemabhuruku akasiyana siyana, zvinyoro-nyoro, kuyedza kutamisa mavara akasarudzika uye mumvuri. Vakararama vacho vanonzi Ivan Shishkin nedetembo rezvisikwa, rinogona kuona hunhu hwekona imwe neimwe.
Iyo geography yependi yekurasa kureba: Ivan Ivanovich akafemerwa nenzvimbo yeUtatu-Sergius Lavra, Sango pachiwi cheSodolnikov uye sestroretsk. Muimbi akapendwa muBellevezhskaya pushcha uye, chokwadika, muElabug yake yeNyuchi, kwaakauya kuzoshanya.
Icho chaunoda kuziva kuti Shishkin haana kugara achishanda ega. Semuenzaniso, kunyora mhuka uye comrade konstin savitsky yemhuka uye comrade kontskky yakabatsira pine mufananidzo we "mangwanani mudondo remapine" - kubva pasi pepeni yechiimbi ichi pane canvas. Iyo pikicha ine masaini maviri ezvinyorwa.
Hupenyu Hwako
Hupenyu hwomunhu oga hwekunyora pendi hwaive hwakaipa. Ivan Shishkin akatanga kuenda pasi pekorona kunonoka - chete pamakore makumi mana nemasere. Muna 1868, akaroora rudo rukuru nehanzvadzi yeiyo Artist Fyodor VasilEva evasia. Muchato uyu, Ivan Ivanovich akafara kwazvo, haana kushivirira kupatsanurwa kwenguva refu uye aigara achikurumidza kudzoka kubva kunzeve dzebhizinesi kuRussia.
Evgenia Aleksandrovna akazvara vanakomana vaviri nemwanasikana, naShishkin vakamwa sababa vake. Zvakare panguva iyoyo akanzwa muridzi wekugamuchira, aifara kutora vashanyi mumba. Asi muna 1874, mumwe murume wake akafa, achangobva kumwanakomana mudiki.
Nekunetseka kupora kubva kushungu, Shishkin akaroora mudzidzi wake, Artist Olga Laoga. GORE mushure memuchato, mukadzi akafa, achisiya Ivan Ivanovich nemwanasikana wake mumaoko.
Biographers vanoona chimwe chinhu chechimiro cheIvan Shishkin. Mumakore ekudzidza muchikoro, akapfeka nickname monk - saka zita rekusanyangadza nekuvhara. Nekudaro, avo vakakwanisa kuve shamwari yake, vakazvinetseka kuti murume aitaura uye kuseka mudenderedzwa revadiwa.
Rufu
Ivan Ivanovich akasiya nyika ino, sevatenzi vanovimba, kubasa pane inotevera hunyanzvi. Muzuva rezuva rezuva ra 1898, muimbi mangwanani akagara pasi peaseri. Mumusangano, kunze kwake, mubatsiri akashanda, uyo akataura nhoroondo yekufa kwemudzidzisi.
Shishkin akaratidzira chimwe chinhu senge Zovka, akabva atova musoro wake akangonyura pachipfuva. Chiremba anowanikwa ari musimboti wemoyo. "Humambo hwekupenda" hwakaramba husina kupera, uye basa rekupedzisira rakapedzwa remuchengeti "ngarava rinogeza", nhasi rinofadza vashanyi veRussian Museum.
Ivan Shishkin akavigwa paSplensk Orthodox Cemetery (St. Petersburg), uye pakati pezana ramakore rechi20, muimbi akaendeswa kuAlexander Nevsky lavra.
Pendi
- 1870 - "Kufamba musango"
- 1871 - "Birch Sango"
- 1878 - "Birch Grove"
- 1878 - "Rye"
- 1882 - "Pamucheto wesango remapini"
- 1882 - "Sango Sango"
- 1882 - "Manheru"
- 1883 - "Creek In Birch Sango"
- 1884 - "Sango Dali"
- 1884 - "Pine pajecha"
- 1884 - "Polesiie"
- 1885 - "Mangwanani"
- 1887 - "Oak grove"
- 1889 - "Mangwanani mudondo remapine"
- 1891 - "Kunaya mudondo dombo"
- 1891 - "kuchamhembe kwesango ..."
- 1891 - "Mushure meDutu remary Hovi"
- 1895 - "Sango"
- 1898 - "ngarava Grove"