Biography
Russian Soviet munyori uye nhetembo, mutambi, Satirik naKinoSeradaster Yuri Olesha Wakaisa nyaya "yemamwe mabasa ane tarenda, ane masimba emitambo.Hudu uye Vechidiki
Munyori anodikanwa nemamiriyoni akaberekwa muna 1899 muElisavetgrad (zvino Kropyvnytsky). Genus denda, midzi yake inoteedzerwa kubva kuCentine Century, kubva kuBoinarin Olesshi Felesh Borovsky akananga kuimba yemumusha weLithuania neumambo hwePoland (nhasi belarus) . Orthodox Olesha Petrovich akarerukwa uye akachinjiswa kuCatholic.
Mazana maviri emakore mushure mekunge chikamu cheCogranwealth of the Commonweal of Pasi, Hushe hweRoma hwakapfuura, uye Oleshi akazova machinda eBelarussian, achisiya mutauro wePoland. Baba vemunyori wenguva yemberi - Karl Olesha - yaive mutungamiriri uye muridzi wemba: vaive nesango estate yakatumidzwa zita rekuti "zvikamu". Karl naHama - Anodheverera Vanobhejera - vakatengesa estate yezvikwereti.
Muzvikamu zvevana ndangariro dzevana yeYuri, Oleshi akasara akatasva fries, hupenyu huri mufurati hwakasvibirira uye nyonganiso nekuda kwe popgaga popga uye kunonoka kudzoka kubva kumakirabhu. Gare gare, Olsha achanyora kuti "makirabhu ndeimwe yemashoko makuru ehuduku hwangu." Amai Yuri - muimbi ane tarenda uye runako olga, izvo zvainzi Rafael.
Yuri aigara muElisavetrad kwemakore matatu ekutanga, saka mhuri iyi yakatamira kuOdessa. Kurerwa kwemukomana kwaiita kutaura kwekutaura kwePoland ambuya. Revolution Zviitiko Melkurbuzuzuaznaya Mhuri Olezha vakatora waryway. Kusvika muOdessa kweHondo Yekupandukira "Potemkin" yakakonzera kutyisa uye kutarisira yekupedzisira isingadzivisiki yehupenyu hwakabudirira.
Pa 11, Yuri akava mudzidzi weiyo Richelian Gymnasium. Wechidiki wechidiki wechidiki mukirasi akatya: Kuti apinde mumunda wekutarisisa weTrcer Oleshi aireva kuti akanyarara kune ese ekurovedza muviri kwenguva yakareba. Iye ipapo mukomana wacho aimbova nehuremu hwakasimba uye hwaradzikwa.
Mitsetse yekutanga yeYuri Olesha yakanyora pachikoro chesekondari. MuOdessa "Maodzanyemba Herald" Inoshamwaridzana nejaya rejaya rakaitika: Hofisi yedheya yakatora nhetembo "clarourmormandand" kudhinda. Muna 1917, yuri olesha akagamuchira gwaro rekumusoro uye rakapinda muYunivhesiti yeOdessa nekusarudza chimiro chemutemo.
Mabhuku
Hama dzaisabvuma kumukira dzakatamira kuPoland, uye akaramba uye akaramba ari kuSouth Palmyra, uko hupenyu hwekunyora hwaive hwaibira. Pamwe chete neValentin KATAV uye Ilya Ilfom, akabatana ne "mwero emaheti". Muguta paGungwa dema, mumwe mushure meumwe pakanga paine kushamwaridzana nevamwe. Muvateereri vechi8 zveyunivhesiti yeChina neChina vakabata madekwana ekugadzira matarenda ezvibvumirano. Dummies vechidiki vanonzi Nikolai gumileva, Alexander BLOK, igor kuchamhembe.
Dutu rakashata reOleshi - kutamba rinonzi "moyo mudiki" zvakaitika muOdessa. Akaiswa nenhengo dzemanyorero endima. Rugwaro rwekunyora rwakaraswa, asi muzvinyorwa zvekugadzira zvemunyori, kutamba kwakaita basa: Yurizwa mhinduro dzekutanga dzinonakidza.
Muma1920s, parera pagungwa, uyo airamba achifamba kubva mumaoko kusvika paruoko, vakatora uto dzvuku. Mafungu evapoteri akauya nevanhu vane tarenda kubva pane zvese zveumambo hwakaparadziswa. Nhetembo uye Prostiisaiik vladimir Narbs yakasvika muguta, iyo yakakurudzira hupenyu hwerury oleshi.
Iye zvino vanyori veOdessa vakanyora magwaro emapepa uye mapepa, zviitiko zvakarongeka mune anoshanda canteens, iyo yakavhurwa mumaresitorendi ezvekutanga mafashoni uye mafashoni. Mutoro mutsva wekutamba weOleshi "Plach Game" akaona padanho reiyo theatre yeanenge erimputionary satire.
Muchirimo cha1925, Olesha naKaEV vakatamira kumashure kweNarbet muKharkov, uko munyori akapihwa kuti atungamirire kutungamira kweUkragi yeTelegraphed agency. Yuri Olesha akagara mu "Balant" Theatre "asi gore gare gare kambani yakatamira kuguta. MuMoscow, Oodssans akagara mumba memunyori uye aine bepanhau reGudok, pamapeji eMikhail Bulgakov, Ilya Ilf naIvgeny Petrov vakabudiswa. Munyori anonzi "Gudkovsky" iyo yakanakisa nguva muhupenyu.
Yuri akashanda muDhipatimendi Reruzivo uko ma envelopu ane mavara ezvinyorwa: muMoscow, mushure memamwe matunhu odessa, Oryha akatanga basa rake kubva pakukanda. Kwapera gore, musoro weDhipatimendi, achiverenga zvinyorwa zvezvakanyorwa, zvakapihwa kunyora kuti unyore fouille mundima. Kumubvunzo wekuti ndiani wekusaina, akaraira pseudonym "Chisel".
Debut korona nekubudirira. Mu "beep" imwe mushure mekunge mumwe awonekwa mitsva mitsva yakasainwa ne "Chisel". Zvishandiso zveOlse: Olse akaunza slacky akanyora nezvekuba, ushingi, bureaucracy uye mamwe marita enharaunda mumatunhu. Vaverengi vezvakachena poetic opose yeyy oleshi vaifarira, ivo vaiuya kumazana emhinduro.
Muna 1924, munyori akapa vaverengi venhau yekutanga prosaic chinyorwa - iyo Novel-Fale Tale "madzibaba matatu". Akabudiswa makore mana gare gare. Pfungwa yekunyora Fairy Tile yakamuka kubva kuYuri Oleshi muHostel "Hoodkey" (Iyi ndiyo kamuri yake isina kubviswa kwerwendo rwelt pritipping mu "petrov inotsanangurwa mu" gumi nemaviri "). Muwindo rakatarisana nemunyori akaona runako rwechidiki, nemufaro kuverenga bhuku. Musikana uyu akanzi Valentina Grunzide. Mushure memakore mana, akazova mukadzi waEksgen a petrov.
Uye ipapo vaLascins vane makore gumi nemashanu eLilensen, vanonakidzwa, vanonakidzwa nekuverenga ngano dzakapika kuti dzichinyora kuenderana neyekutamba. Muimba yekudhinda yakabata bhuku repepa uye, rinotenderera pasi, ruzha rwakanyorwa husiku. Shanduro yekutanga yakazvipira kuna Valentina Grunzide.
Kurwa kwe odessa kwakafungidzira muguta reFatty. A Carnival Fairy Tale ine rancuutionary zano kuverenga nyore nyore, fantasy uye yakajeka emunyori metaphors vana vanoyemurwa vana nevakuru. Mundima 1930s, iyo Fairy Tale yakatanga kugadziriswa kune iyo Mcat Dailyt. Iyo dramatization inoshandurirwa mumitauro 17 uye nhasi inoiswa pazvinhu zvepasirese. Muna 1966, Alexey Batalov naJoseph Shapiro akabvisa mufananidzo "madzibaba matatu".
Mukudhindwa, iyo ngano yeFace yakauya mushure mekubudirira kwemuopi wechipiri weOleshi, akabuda muna 1927 anonzi godo. Iyo sove pamusoro peiyo fate yehungwaru mushure mekuchinja kwacho kwakatariswa zvakanakisa muenhaka yeYuri Oleshi. Iye anorota achibva ku "godo" nikolai kavarerov, umo maitiro emunyori anofungidzira, vanhu vakararama panguva iyoyo vakatumidza nguva gamba nguva. Pakati pama 193030s, imba yaAbramu yakabvisa mutambo kuti "jaya rakasimba."
Kubudirira kukuru kwevanoverenga mugwagwa "vanhu vatatu vakakora": iyo yaimbove "Revolutionary" Fairy Tale haina kudhindwa nekuda kwekurara kweiyo genre yemugodhi wenyika.
Mukutanga kwa1930, Olesha akanyora "godo" kutamba "kwekurangana kwemanzwiro", asi kurambidza kwakaona kutsoropodzwa mariri uye kurambidzwa. Munyori akaunderedza basa racho, achidana "rondedzero yake". Muna 1931, kutamba kwakatora muTreater Reportoire Vsevolod Meyer. Kugadzirwa kwacho kwakaenda mwaka mitatu muvanoona vanhu vazhinji, asi munguva pfupi akatanga kusvika pakurambidzwa. Vakuru vakuru vakawana Kramol.
Munyori akanyarara kwenguva yakareba. Vazhinji vaaishanda navo, shamwari dzepedyo, Oleshi akadzivirira, uye kurambidzwa kwakamanikidzwa pabasa rake. Kutanga kweiyo Great Watriotic Hondo Yuri Olesha yakapona mukubuda muTurkmenistan.
Kurambidzwa kwemabhuku kwakabviswa pakati-1950s, asi Olezha akanyora zvishoma. Aya ainyanya kukoshesa kushamwaridzana nezvirevi zvezvinyorwa - Dostoevsky, Chekhov. Yuri Karlovich aive akagara pasi pegirazi muresitorendi yeimba yevanyori, uko vainoshanda navo vakakudzwa nekuda kwekukudzwa kwekumubata. Zvinyorwa zveDiaries, vakaunganidzwa uye vakabudiswa mushure mekufa kwake mukutanga kwa1960s, vanopupurira nezvipo zvisina kugadzikana chemunyori.
Hupenyu Hwako
Zvinoitika zvevasikana vekukwidza kubva ku "varume vatatu vakakora" vakanga vari hanzvadzi Ridhiya, Olga naSeraphim, uyo akapfeka zita rimwe chete. Vasikana, Yuri vakasangana muOdessa, kwaimbove mhuri ye aimbova Austria Trache akagadziriswa.
Muduku wavo, Simi, Yuri olezha akawira murudo. Ivo vaigara mumuchato wehurumende kwemakore matatu, asi mhepo yemhepo musefimu yakapukunyuka kubva kuOleshi. Kwechipiri - kushamwari vladimir Narbbu.
Pakati ma1920, munyori akaroora hanzvadzi dzepakati - Olga, raakararama raAkagara mazuva apfuura. Pakanga pasina vana vaizivikanwa, uye Yuri Karlovich akaunza mwanakomana waOlga kubva kumuchato wekutanga.
Rufu
Yuri oleshi hupenyu hwakaderedza kupindwa muropa nezvinonwa. Nguva pfupi vasati vafa, munyori, muhomwe dzavakafamba nemhepo, dzakabvunza vaaishanda navo, rorudzii rwemariro raizopihwa mariro. Akapindurwa kuti nzira yekupedzisira yakaitwa nechikamu chepamusoro. Nedhory inovava, Olesha akabvunza kana zvaisakwanisa kushandisa chikamu chakaderera, uye mutsauko wekupa mari izvozvi.
Akafa munyori muchirimo cha1960. Akavigwa paNovderevichy. Nzvimbo yacho yakatorwa pamusoro pe "chikamu chepamusoro" - mumutsara wekutanga wechikamu chekutanga.
BHAIBHERI
- 1920 - Agaser Nhetembo
- 1920 - Beatrice nhetembo
- 1920 - Chikamu "Plach Game"
- 1924 - Vamwari Vatatu "
- 1927 - godo reRoma "
- 1929 - Chikamu "Kurangana Kwekunzwa"
- 1930 - Chikamu "Chinyorwa cheGreat"
- 1934 - Scenelio "Vechidiki Vakanyatsoshanda"
- 1938 - Scenario "mauto eBoot
- 1939 - Chiitiko "Chekukanganisa Injiniya yeCochin"
- 1958 - Chikamu "idiot"
- 1959 - Chikamu "Maruva Bulevati"
- 1959 - Chikamu "Pomegranate Bracet"
- 1961 - Diaries "hapana zuva pasina mutsara"