Biography
Peni yakapinza yevaIriya muzivi uye Satirik Jonathan Swift akaisa ruzha rwakawanda mukati mehupenyu hwake. Vakararama vacho munyori akarangarirwa semunyori wezvidhori akapa Irison yakadzika, uye munyika yaizivikanwa nekufamba kwechiRoma ". Swift inogara yakavanzika pasi pePseudonyms kana kuti haina kunongedza vanyori zvachose, asi vaverengi zvechokwadi vakamuziva nenzira inoshamisa.Hudu uye Vechidiki
Munyori wechikuru akaberekerwa muDublin munaNovember 30, 1667 - mwedzi miviri mushure mekufa kwaBaba, mutungamiriri mudiki mutumwa. Iye mukomana akawana zita remubereki - Jonathan. Chirikadzi yeUkuru yakaramba ichiita vana vaviri mumaoko ake uye isina kurarama, kunze kwezvo, mwana achangozvarwa ave mwana anorwadza kwazvo ane pathology.
Runyararo kwechinguva, Amai vakasarudza kupa Jonathan kurerwa kwehama yakachengetedzwa yemumwe murume / mukadzi anomirira, Mwari anokurumidza, aive pane yakanaka mugweta.
Mukomana akapedza kudzidza muIreland The Gymnasium "Kilkenny", chikoro makore anonetsekana nesimba - ndaifanira kukanganwa nezvehupenyu hwakasununguka, asi hurombo hupenyu, kujairana neyekumanikidza gymnasics. Pazera ramakore gumi nematatu, Jonathan akapinda muTiniti College kuDublin University, kubva kwaakasiya degree reBachelor uye anoramba anonyangadza sainzi.
Mabhuku
Iyo yekugadzira biography yemunyori yakatanga panguva yekumanikidzwa kuEngland. Babamunini vakarambana, uye hondo yevagari vemo yakatanga kumusha kwake. Jonathan akakurumidza aifanira kuwana mari yakazvimirira, uye akatanga kuganhurira munyori emunyori weVapfumi uye Diplomat William Tembere. Iyo NOVICE munyori akapa yemahara yekukanda kuibhurari yakasimba yemushandirwi.
Kushanyira tembere kwaive nhamba dzakakurumbira uye vamiriri veBohemia yenguva iyoyo, kutaurirana kwakagadzirirawo ivhu revhu retarenda rekunyora. Mudetembi mudiki, anonzi, kubva munhetembo uye nyaya pfupi, Jonathan akaenda mumabhuku, mune ramangwana akabatsira kubatsirwa kwake kunyora memoirs.
Kubva kuBritain, nekukurumidza akadzokera kumusha kwake kaviri. Muna 1694, jaya, richipedza kudzidza kubva kuCoxford, akagamuchira San yemweya yeChechi yeAnglican uye akava mupristi muchechi yemusha wechidiki weIrish weIrish. Uye zvishoma gare gare yakaramba ichishanda mumetropolitan katthedral ye st. Patrick. Mukufanana, zvinova munyori wemapepa akapenya, akapinza ezvematongerwo enyika akatsamwa kwezuva.
Zvisinei, mabasa emupristi Jonathan akakurumidza kuneta, uye akavazve kuEngland. Pano, kubva pasi penguvo yake, nhetembo dzenhetembo dzakabuda, pamwe nemifananidzo ye "kurwa kwemabhuku" uye "Fairark". Basa rekupedzisira rave rakakurumbira kwazvo - vanhu vaimuda, uye kereke yakapa mhosva, kunyangwe munyori asina kufunga kutsoropodza chitendero, kungofungidzira kudada.
Sezvineiwo, kusika kwemunyori kwaive kusazoshambadza - mabasa ese akaziviswa asingazivikanwe. Mune ramangwana, pfungwa iyi Jonathan Swift haina kuchinja. Nekudaro, munhu wese aiziva kuti aive munyori wemabhuku aya marefu, nhetembo uye opuses.
Iyo Heiday yetarenda tarenda tarenda remunyori rakawira mune 1710s. Jonathan anomhanya achiwana rusununguko rwemari, achitaura posvo yeDhian weCathedral ye St. Patrick, uye zvinyorwa zvinyararire. Nhetembo yake, mapepa uye zvinyorwa zvakazadzwa nehasha nezvekusarongeka munharaunda, kutonga munharaunda, kutsoropodzwa kwesimba nechitendero. Muna 1720, dambudziko rekuzvitonga reIreland rinova musangano wepakati wekusika, izvo izvo British raiedza kuparadza.
Rudo rwevanhu uye neruremekedzo rwakawa kunaJonathan mushure mekuzivikanwa "mavara eSukrobrik", iyo yakabuda ichibva pasi pemashini typographic nezviuru. Vakadana kuregedza mari yeChirungu uye vasingatenge zvinhu zvakagadzirwa muBritain. Mahwina ehasha akasimuka, zvekuti London akamanikidzwa kuchinja gavhuna, uyo akagadza mari yacho kune iye acharatidza munyori "mavara."
Kuedza kuwana vanopara mhosva vaive pasina, uye England yaifanira kuenda kumubvumo wezvehupfumi. Mushure mezviitiko izvi, kukurumidza kwakavakirwa muzvimani kwegamba renyika, mifananidzo yake yaive spanking zvese Dublin. Nenguva isipi kumwe kunetsa kwakaitika, panguva ino nezve zvirevo zvakapinza paurombo. Munyori akarayira hurumende, iyo isingakwanise kupa chikafu chizvarwa chidiki, tengesa vana panyama neganda.
Kuti iite basa pane yakafarirwa neanokurumbira pamusoro penhamo dzeGullivier Swituft yakagara pasi pakutanga kwe20s yezana ramakore rechi 18. Mabhuku maviri ekutanga ebasa rakanaka, kutakura zvakaipa kwevanhu uye kusakwana kwenzanga, akabuda muna 1726, uye gore gare gare, vaverengi vakagamuchira mamwe marudzi maviri. Chiremba wechikepe cheGulliver anosangana nemakwenzi uye tsika dzenyika dzeLiliputs, mabhiza anonzwisisika, anowira pachitsuwa, mamiriro evaroyi, kunyange vanhu vasingafi uye nemazuva iwayo eEuropean.
Iyo tetralogy yaive nebudiriro inosemesa, mune ramangwana richive mabhuku ekare uye kukurudziro kwemakumi ematanda. Kunyangwe muRussia, mabhuku akawira nekukurumidza: muna 1772, vakashandurwa kubva munyori weFrance yekarky karkhvinin. Pakutanga, bhuku racho raive nezita rekare, zvisinei, iri shanduro chaiyo yeiyo yekutanga - "kufamba kweGelliverov kuenda kuLiliput, Brodinaga, LipaSta, Balnibarba, Guiggong nyika kana kutasva ganda."
Hupenyu Hwako
Hupenyu hwemunhu woga hwaJonathan swift anotarisa zvisirizvo. Munyori akabatanidza hukama nerudo nevasikana vaviri vakanzi nezita rimwe chete - Esiteri.
Mumakore ebasa, tembere, jaya rakasangana imba yake aine mwanasikana wemakore masere okukura Esiteri Johnson. Musiyano wezera mumakore gumi nemashanu hauna kukanganisa shamwari: Jonathan akava murayidzi uye mudzidzisi wemusikana, ainzi Stella, uye mune ramangwana uye vadikani uye vadiwa nemudiwa. Mukuparadzaniswa, Munyori weGullivier akanyora tsamba dzezuva nezuva, akapinza, avo vakatendeuka mushure mekufa kwake mubhuku "Diariaries.
Mushure mekufa kwaamai, nherera Esiteri akatamira kuIreland, achigara mumba memudiwa wake, kunyange musikana anga asisiri mudzidzi wemunyori wemunyori. Biografers anofunga kuti muna 1716 vaviri vacho vakatocharoora, asi havana kugamuchira chokwadi ichi pane zvakatemwa.
Mumwe mukadzi anomhanya akaonekwa murudo rwerudo kubva muna 1707, anonzi Esiteri avauli. Musikana weOrphan ane ruoko rwaJonathan aipfeka Vanessa zita reNicknum. Iyewo akazvitsaurira kuti abate, mavara anosuruvara.
Vanessa akafa kubva ku tuberculosis muna 1723, uye makore mashanu gare gare Stella akafa. Munyori akanyatsonetsekana nekurasikirwa nevakadzi vanodiwa, idzi njodzi dzakareruka hutano sepanyama nepfungwa. Asi murume akaramba achienda rwendo refu.
Rufu
Makore mashoma kufa kwaJonatani kusati kwakurumidza kubva pakurwara kwepfungwa. Mutsamba, shamwari dzakanyunyuta nezve kushungurudzika kwemanzwiro uye kusuwa kwese kusuwa. Kuremara kwepfungwa kwakaenderera mberi, uye muna 1742 munyori akapukunyuka kurohwa uye kwakazoita kuti tisarukirwe zvachose - aisakwanisa kufamba, kutaura kwakarasika. Iye murume akagadzwa muchengeti. Satiri akafa kumusha kwake muna Gumiguru 1745.
Shift yakagadzirirwa kufa Mugore rechimakumi mana, epitaph akasvikwa kubva peni yemunyori, akanyorwa mushure meguva, uye akagwinhawo anenge zvese zvakaunganidzwa pakuvakwa kwechipatara kurwara nepfungwa. Nguva pfupi mushure mekufa kwemunyori akavaka "hospital of St. Patrick yeImbiciv", iwo magonhi azvo achiri kuvhurika.
BHAIBHERI
- 1697 - "Hondo Yemabhuku"
- 1704 - "Fairy Ngano yeBharamu"
- 1710-1714 - "Diary for Stella"
- 1726 - "Kufamba Kufamba"