Biography
Nikolai Leskova anonzi kuRussia Talence yeThe Russian Tale - mune izvi, munyori akamira mumutsara mumwe naNikolai Gogol. Iye munyori akatanga kuve nemukurumbira semusangano ane mukurumbira, achiisa runyararo rwezana nzanga. Uye akazoshamisika nevamwe vaunoshanda navo mukuziva kwesychology, tsika uye tsika dzevanhu venyika yekwawakabatana.Hudu uye Vechidiki
Leskov akaberekerwa mumusha weGorokhovo (Ollovsk Gubernia). Baba vemunyori, Semen Ditrievich, yaive yakadzama yemhando yekare yemweya - sekuru vake nababa vake vakashanda sevapristi kuchechi mumusha weLeskey (saka nesurname).
Ehe, uye mubereki wemumwe munyori wenyu pachavo akapedza kudzidza kubva kumamina, asi akabva ashanda mumutongo weCramende Cramital. Ini ndakasiyaniswa ne tarenda hombe yeanonongedzera, kugona kusunungura kunyange nenyaya yakaoma kwazvo, iyo yaakakurumidza kumuka pane siteodhi yebasa uye akagamuchira zita rakanaka. Amai Maria Petrovna akauya achibva kuCoubility Ability.
Mumhuri yebeafy, iyo yagara munzvimbo yekutonga yedunhu, yakaita vana vashanu - vanasikana vaviri uye vanakomana vatatu, Nikolai aive mukuru. Iye mukomana paakatora makore masere, baba vake vaive nechinyararire nevabati vechidiki uye vakabata mari yakati wandei, iye aimboita zvekurima - iye amene akadyara, akachekwa, akatarisirwa gadheni.
Nekufunda, madiki madiki ainyangadza. Makore mashanu ekuzvarwa, mukomana akadzidza mumugodhi wekurovedza muviri, uye akazopedzisira ave nechipupuriro nezvekupera kwemakirasi maviri aya mumaoko ake. Vapambi vaLeski vanopomera iyo nguva dzedzidzo yeti idzodzo izvo zvisina zvazvinobatsira uye kutuka vachirova chishuvo chekunzwisisa sainzi. Kunyanya muhunhu hwakakura, hwekugadzira, seKohl Leskov.
Ini ndaifanira kuenda kubasa. Baba vakanamatira kurohwa kumusana kwematsotsi, uye gore gare gare akafa kubva kuKolera. Panguva imwecheteyo, kumwe kusuwa kumwe kudonha pane mhuri yehove dzehove - imba yakapisa imba neimba yese.
Nyowani Nikolay akaenda kunoziva nyika. Zvinoenderana nezvake, jaya rakatamiswa kuimba yekutandarira muKiev, kwaaigara uye mapurofesa muchikoro chesekondari. MuKuputa Kwakapetwa kweLeskov vakapinda muupenyu hunonakidza, hwakafarirwa nemitauro, mabhuku, uzivi, akagara padhesiki kuyunivhesiti, vachiparadzira mumatenduru ezvivakwa uye zvinhu zvekare.
Kuve nekufumisa ruzivo rwehupenyu hwebasa remunyori werunyanzvi kune mumwe babamunini. Murume weChirungu Anonzi Murume weChirungu akadana mukambani wake "Shkott uye Wilkens", chinzvimbo chenguva refu chebhizimusi uye nguva zhinji yeRussia muRussia. Panguva ino munyori anonzi akanakisa mune yake biography.
Mabhuku
Pfungwa yekuti isimbise hupenyu kune hunyanzvi hweshoko rakapinda leskov kwenguva yakareba. Kekutanga, jaya rakafungidzirwa nezvemunda wemunyori, ibvi paRussia expanses nemabasa kubva kuCompany "Shkott uye Wilpens vakapihwa zviitiko zvakajeka uye mhando dzevanhu vakakumbirwa pepa.
Matanho ekutanga mumabhuku Nikolai Semenvich akaita semuzivi. Ndakanyora zvinyorwa "pane zvakaipa zvezuva" muSt. Passpels Bepsburg neKiev, kushoropodzwa neuori kwakawira pasi pevakuru nevanachiremba vemapurisa. Kubudirira kwemabhuku kwaive kwekuda chinzvimbo, kwakaunza kuferefetwa kwakawanda.
Peni semuenzaniso semunyori wemabhizimusi aingoitika chete pamakore makumi matatu nematatu
Kubva pabasa rekutanga chaiko kumunyori, vakataura saTenzi anoziva nzira yakajeka inoburitsa mifananidzo yemukadzi ine tarisiro yemitambo. Uye zvese nekuti, mushure meiyo yekutanga nyaya, zvine hunyanzvi, kupinza uye kuomesa zvinyorwa zveMacbeth Mtsensky County "uye" Hondo "yakabuda. Leskov nehunyanzvi akafamba achipinda mune yakasviba yakasviba yehupenyu hupenyu hwekuseka uye sarcasm, kuratidza yakasarudzika maitiro, iyo yakazivisa mhando yejira.
Mudenderedzwa rezvekufarira kuverenga, Nikolai Semenvich Semitambowo. Kutanga kubva muna 1867, munyori akatanga kugadzira mitambo yemitambo. Imwe yeakakurumbira - "Patraster".
Leskov akataura zvinyoro-nyoro nezvake uye sepfungwa. Mumabhuku anoti "pese pese", "par Marua", "vari pamapanga" akasekwa eruki-eryts, tichitaura kusaziva kweRussia kuchinja kwakanyanya. Kuongorora kwakadaro kwebasa remunyori mushure mekuverenga zita rekuti "pamapanga" akapihwa maximy:
"... Pashure pezvo hupfumi hwakaipa" pamapanga ", basa rekunyora raLeskov pakarepo pendi kana, panzvimbo penyaya-pendi - Anotanga kugadzira iconostasis yetsvene uye yakarurama yeRussia."Mushure mekuburitswa kwebhuku, kutsoropodza shanduko yeDemocts, magadzirirwo emagazini akarongwa kuLeskov boycot. Ini handina kuramba kushandira pamwe nemunyori chete Mikhail Katkov, kuenda ku "Russian bulletin", asi zvaive zvisingaite kushanda nemunyori uyu - mitemo isina tsitsi.
Chigadzirwa chinotevera, icho chakapinda muchivigiro chemabhuku emukati, yaive ngano yevatenzi vaTenzi "Revhi". Mukati maro, iyo yakasarudzika nzira yeLeskov yakatsemuka kuburikidza nemipheto mitsva, munyori akatarisa neyekutanga neologisms, akarara pane chimwe chiitiko, achigadzira chimiro chakaomarara. About Nicolae Semevhich akataura semunyori akasimba.
Mumakumi manomwe, munyori akawana nguva yakaoma. Ministry of FOVLE kujekeswa yakaisa LESCOV seAppraiser yemabhuku matsva - Akagadzirisa, unogona kusvetuka mabhuku kune muverengi kana kuti kwete, uye ini ndakagamuchira hupfu hwacho chidiki. Mukuwedzera, iyo inotevera nyaya "yakanamirwa madhiri" ese, kusanganisira Katkova.
Iri basa remunyori akafunga seimwe nzira kune tsika yechinyakare genve yeiyo bhuku. Nyaya yacho yakasanganiswa zvirongwa zvisina kufanira, uye hazvisi zvapera. "Chimiro chemahara" kutsoropodzwa chakaputswa mufurati neguruva, uye nikolai semenevhi aifanira kuburitsa zvidimbu zvechiitiko chake mumabhuku echiitiko.
Mune ramangwana, munyori akakwidza nyaya kuchisikwa chemavara akakodzera. Kubva pasi peminhenga yake, muunganidzwa wenhau "vakarurama", izvo zvaisanganisira mateki "murume pane wachi", "mufananidzo" uye vamwe. Munyori akaratidzira vanhu vakarairwa nehana, vachipokana kuti munhu wese akasangana nevanhu vese. Nekudaro, vatsoropodzi nevanoshanda navo vakabvuma basa nesarashom. Muma 1980s, vakarurama vakawana hunhu hwechitendero - Leskov akanyora nezvemagamba ekutanga kwechiKristu.
Pakuvira kwehupenyu, Nikolai Semenvich zvakare, mauto, vamiriri veChechi, vachipa mabhuku e "chikara", "tuppean artist", "Bugago". Uye kunyange panguva ino, kudonha kwemadokero kunyora vana kuverenga kwevana, izvo zvakatora magadzirirwo emagazini.
Pakati pemamwe marudzi emabhuku, akakurumbira gare gare, pakanga paine vateveri vakatendeka vaNikolai Leskov. Shumba tolstoy yaiona sigget kubva kune iyo oryel kudzika kweiyo "munyori weRussia weRussia", uye Ivan
Hupenyu Hwako
Nemipimo yezana ramakore rechi 19, hupenyu hweNyika yeNikolai selemenevich hazvina kubudirira. Munyori akakwanisa kuenda pasi pekorona kaviri, uye kechipiri nemukadzi wekutanga mupenyu.
Leskov akaroora kutanga, kuma200. Olga Smirnova, vagari venhaka yevaKiev munyaradzi vakava vakasarudzwa. Mumuchato uyu, mwanasikana waVera uye mwanakomana waMira, akafa achiri mudiki akazvarwa. Mumwe mukadzi waakapotsa chirwere chepfungwa uye aiwanzoitirwa mu St. Petersburg Clinic of St. Nicholas.
Nikolai Semenvich, akarasikirwa nemudzimai wake uye akasarudza kupinda muwanano yehurumende neCatherine Bubnova, akaremara kwemakore akati wandei. Muna 1866, Leskov akabereka rwechitatu, mwanakomana waRidhi akaoneka pasi. Pamutsetse uyu muna 1922, mukurumbira weTatiana Leskov ballet, munyori weMunyori "akafamba-famba". Asi nemukadzi wechipiri, Nikolai Semenvich haana kuwirirana, mushure memakore 11, vakaroora vakaparadzaniswa.
Leskov akafamba akafamba-famba mifananidzo yemiriwo, akatenda kuti mhuka dzaisakwanisa kuurayiwa chikafu. Iye murume akaburitsa chinyorwa umo Viganev akapatsanura misasa miviri, ivo vanodya nyama, vachicherechedza rudzi rwevanhu, uye vanozvidemba zvipenyu zvisina mhosva. Iye amene akataura nezve yekupedzisira. Iye munyori akakurudzira kugadzira bhuku rekubheka rerussian rakafanana nevanhu, izvo zvingasanganisira "girini" rekuzvishora kubva pane zvigadzirwa zvinowanikwa kune vaRussia. Uye muna 1893 bhuku rakadaro rakaonekwa.
Rufu
Nikolay Leskov akatambura hupenyu hwake hwese kubva kuAsthma, mumakore achangopfuura hosha yakaipa, kurwiswa kwekusora kwakatanga kuitika zvakanyanya.
Musi waFebruary 21 (musi waKurume 5, pane itsva chimiro) ya 1895, munyori akatadza kurarama nekuwedzera kwekurwara. Kuvigwa Nikolai Semevich muSt. Petersburg pane volkovsky makuva.
BHAIBHERI
- 1863 - "Hupenyu hwemukadzi mumwe"
- 1864 - "Lady Macbeth Mtsensky County"
- 1864 - "Pavaka Kwai"
- 1865 - "Kunze"
- 1866 - "Vachitsuwa"
- 1866 - "Hondo"
- 1870 - "Pamapanga"
- 1872 - "Sobere"
- 1872 - "Ngirozi yakaumbwa"
- 1873 - "Gungwa Rinofamba"
- 1874 - "Kushamisika"
- 1881 - "Kusiyiwa"
- 1890 - "Dhirowa Mabhoti"