Biography
Igor Stravinsky mutambi wepamba wemumba, mutambi uye conductor, mumiriri akajeka wechifungo mumimhanzi. Nekurudyi, inoonekwa seimwe yevakuru vakanyanya ehutungamiriri hwenyika yezana re xx.Hudu uye Vechidiki
Muna 1882, Igor Stravinsky akaberekwa padyo neSt. Petersburg. Vabereki vake vaive neukama hwakananga kumimhanzi - Baba Fyodor vakaita muMariinsky Theatre uye yaive muimbi akafanirwa neHumambo hweRussia, Amai Anna - Pianist, akaperekedza mukadzi / mukadzi. Igor akakurira pakati pekuyerera kusingaperi kwevashanyi, kusanganisira vanyori, varidzi, vaimbi. Baba vemukomana vaive neushamwari neDostoevsky.
Kekutanga piyano, ramangwana renguva yemberi rakagara pamakore masere. Mushure mekupedza kudzidza kubva kuGymnasium, vabereki vakaronga Igor kuYunivhesiti yeSt. Petersburg, uko jaya rakadzidza kugweta. Woga Stravinsky akadzidza mimhanzi, akabva atanga kutora zvidzidzo muchivande kubva kuRoma-korsakov.
Igor kufambidzana nemwanakomana wake Vladimir, akadzidzawo pane zviri pamutemo. Roman-korsakov akafadzwa nemararenda ematarenda, akarayira kuti apinde muchivokiti, sekuziva kwejaya racho rakanga raringana. Iyo Mentor yakadzidziswa kunyanya igor orchestration hunyanzvi, dzakagadziriswa mabasa ake. Nekuda kwekumanikidza, akatsvaga kuita mimhanzi yemwanakomana.
Mumhanzi
Muna 1908, mabasa maviri emashumwa manhamba - "Favn uye custle" uye "Symphony Mi-Bloomb yakakura" - akaurayiwa nedare re orchestra. Gore rakatevera, Sergey Dyagilev akasangana nekuita kweiyo orchestral yake: Akarohwa netarenda remunyori wechidiki, uyo akabva asangana naye uye akaraira gadziriro dzinoverengeka dzeRussia muParis. Kwapera gore, Dyagilev zvakare anokwezva kuSravinsky, achiraira mumhanzi wekuperekedza kweBallet "shiri-shiri".
Iyo yekutanga yakaitika muzhizha re1910: budiriro inoshamisa pakarepo yakatsauka mumiririri yakanyanya kuwanda yechizvarwa chitsva chevanyori veMimhanzi. "Firebird" yakatanga kutanga kwebasa rakabatanidzwa reGor uye Dyagilev Troupes. Mwaka unotevera mwaka unovhura ne ballet "parsley", uine mucherechedzo weSravinsky uye neiyo svutugadzike svlav nabinsky mune yekutungamira.
Pakapenda nekubudirira, kunyorwa kwemimba kumhanyisa kunyora mhando yeiyo symphony tsika, iyo muna 1913 muParis yemitambo yakaita ruzha rwakawanda. Iri basa raive "chitubu chitsvene". Vatariri panguva yekutanga vakakamurwa kuita misasa miviri: Vamwe vakatamba vanotamba vane njodzi uye mumhanzi wakatsunga, yechipiri yakakwazisa kugadzirwa kwekutanga. Zvapupu zvakataura kuti vatambi havana kunzwa orchestra - hum yakadaro yakasimba yakanga iri muhoro.
Kubva pazuva rino re stravinsky yakanzi mutambi we "chitubu chitsvene" uye chinoparadza chazvino. Igor anosiya guta rake rekwaakaberekerwa neguta, pamwe chete nemukadzi wake nevana muna 1910, vanoruramisa muFrance.
Nekudaro, hondo yenyika yekutanga yakaunza "mwaka yeRussia" muParis, uye nemari yerudzi yakapera. Muna 1914, Chet Stravinsky anochinja kuti ave muSwitzerland ane chero pasina mararamiro. Mumazuva iwayo, kazhinji anoreva nezveRussia vanhu mota, ngano.
Panguva ino, mimhanzi yaakanyora Stravinsky yakave yakawanda, yakadzora, asi zvinyoronyoro. Muna 1914, akatanga kushanda paBallet "Muchato", uyo wakapera chete muna 1923. Yakavambwa pambiru dzeRussia, dzakaitwa pamichato nemichato. Muna 1920 muRussia maitiro, inyanzvi yekupedzisira yebasa rakanyorwa - "Symphony yemhepo."
Pashure pokunge kubva pabasa rake, iyo Flavour yakanyangarika, uye akatanga kushanda nenzira yeiyo neoclassicism. Tevere, muumbi anodudzira mimhanzi yekare Europe uye mamwe manhamba enhoroondo. Kubvira muna 1924, Igor Stravinsky anorega kunyora uye zviito semupiano uye conductor. Pakupera kwehondo yechipiri yenyika, makomisheni ake akatanga kunakidzwa nekuwedzera mukurumbira.
Ipapo "mwaka yeRussia" inovandudzwa, asi mune ine mwero. Ballet yekupedzisira, iyo yakagadzirwa neDyagilev uye Stravinsky, yakava "Apollo Musyt", iyo yekutanga yakaitwa muna 1928. Gore rakatevera, Dyagulev anofa, uye troupe anouraya.
1926 - Shanduko yemugumo weMatanho, akashanduka-shanduka, izvo, chokwadika, aive nemhedzisiro pakugadzira. Mota dzechitendero dzinoonekwa mu "Tsar Edie", muchiCantate "symphony yeMapisarema". Libretto kumabasa aya akagadzirwa pane chiLatin. Muna 1939, akakokwa kuHarvard University muAmerican, kwaakaverenga kutenderera kwe "mimhanzi yemimhanzi" hurukuro.
Mune makumi mashanu, garde-garde inoonekwa muEurope, iyo yakaramba iyo inodiwa inotyisa neopulasticism, uye Stravinsky iri kusangana nedambudziko remimhanzi. Kushungurudzika kukuru, mune iyo igor yaivepo, yakapera neyekuwedzera basa rekuedza: "Cantata", "ndangariro dzeDiel thomas".
Akaenderera mberi achishanda, kunyangwe akarova, kusvika 1966, basa rekupedzisira rakava "raidiye". Ichi chigadzirwa chinoshamisa chakavanzika chakanyorwa nemunyori muna 84, zvakava chiratidzo che tarenda rakakura uye simba risingaperi remagetsi.
Hupenyu Hwako
Igor Stravinsky muna 1906 yakazvibatanidza kune zvisungo zvewanano naKazina Ekaterina Nasenko. Kuda kukuru kwevaduku hakuna kumisa kuvapo kweropa, vana vana 4 vakaberekerwa muwanano: vakomana svyatoslav naFyodor nevasikana Lyudmila uye Milena. Ivo vanakomana vaive nhamba dzakatarwa tsika: Syvyatoslav - mutambi wemitambo uye pianist, fyedor, muimbi. Biography yeLyudmila Stravinskaya inonakidza nekuti azova mukadzi wedetemberi yuri mandelstam.
Catherine akatambura kupedzwa, saka mhuri yakaenda kuSwitzerland - iyo mhepo isina kuchena yeSt .. haina kupa mukadzi kufema. Muna 1914, mana mana aisakwanisa kudzoka muchirimo cheSwitzerland kuenda kuRussia nekuda kwenyika yekutanga, uye ndokukonzerwa nekuchinja. Iyo pfuma nemari yakaramba iri muguta ravo rekumusha, mhuri yasarudza.
Igor akatora njodzi iyi pamoyo: kunze kweCatherine nevana, akachengeta mai vake, hanzvadzi yake uye vazukuru vake. MuRussia, kusateerera mutemo kwakagadzirwa mumwedzi yekuchinja munzvimbo dzese, uye muumbi wakarega kubhadhara copyright yekuurayiwa kwemabasa nekuda kwekutama kwayo. Kuti zvisati zvimwe neimwe nzira chengeta mhuri, Stravinsky yaifanira kuburitsa zvinyorwa zvitsva zvemabasa ake.
Ngano uye runyerekupe haruna kupfuura hupenyu hwega hwega wegor: anozivikanwa nehukama hwerudo ne coco chanel. Akawedzera paruoko rwaanotonga rwekubatsira panguva iyo paakange asara zvachose asina mari. Kwemakore maviri, Igor aigara pane Village pamazwi, akatsigira kutaura kwake, akadyiswa uye akapfeka mhuri yake.
Kana mamiriro ekunyora okutonga apora, uye akasiya imba yeChanel, akatumira mari kwemamwe makore 13 mwedzi wega wega - ichi chisina kujairika chokwadi chechiitiko cheiyo bhuku remugadziri wechiFrench uye mutambi weRussia. Muna 2009, iyo firimu firimu "coco chanel uye igor Stravinsky" yakaburitswa paukama uhwu.
Muna 1939, Ekaterina Stratavinskaya haina kuzova, uye gore gare gare, vakatamira kuAmerica, muimbi anorova kechipiri pakutenda kwemutambi, iyo mutambi wenhevoni yakanyarara. Pamwe chete, vera naIgor vakararama makore makumi mashanu, vachiedza kusaparadzaniswa kweminiti. Muna 1962, vaviri vakaroora vakashanyira nyika yeNyika - muMoscow naLeningrad, musangano wakaratidzwa paterevhizheni.
Rufu
Mutemo wacho hauna kushanda muna Kubvumbi 6, 1971, chikonzero cherufu chiri kukundikana kwemoyo. Mukadzi waVera Arturovna akamuviga muVenice, muchikamu cheRussia cheSan Michele Cemetery, kusiri kure neguva reDyagilev. Mushure memakore 11, murume / mukadzi / murume wake achavigwa padivi pemurume wake.
Iro zita returatinsky rakaramba risingafi, rakapfeka chikoro chemimhanzi muOranienbau, ngarava yemotokari uye ndege airlines "Aeroflot". Mukuremekedza Stravinsky muUkraine, iyo International Music Festival inoitwa gore rega rega.
Discography
- 1906 - "Favn neCowgirl"
- 1908 - "Fantastic Scherzo"
- 1910 - Ballet "firebird"
- 1911 - Ballet "parsley"
- 1913 - "Chitubu chitsvene, pendi dzechihedheni Russia muzvikamu zviviri"
- 1914 - Fairy Tale "Solovy"
- 1918 - Fairy Tale "nhoroondo yemusoja"
- 1920 - Ballet "Pulcinell"
- 1922 - Opera Mavra
- 1923 - Zvakawanda Zviitiko "Muchato"
- 1927 - Opera "King Edip"
- 1928 - Ballet "Apollo MustaGet"
- 1930 - "Symphony yeMapisarema"
- 1931 - "Concert for violin D-DUR"
- 1942 - "Concert Dances"
- 1954 - "4 Nziyo dzeRussia"
- 1963 - "Abrahama naIsaka"
- 1966 - "Nzeni Zuva"