Biography
Biography yemambokadzi weScotland ezana ramakore gumi nematanhatu, Mary Stewart, anodzikiswa nezviitiko zvinosiririsa zvekuti akashanda sechikonzero chekurudziro kune vanyori uye nhetembo dzenyika. Naizvozvo, vanhu, vari kure nekufunda nhoroondo yenyika, vanonzwiwa zvakanyanya nezve hupenyu nemutambo wamambokadzi.
Mhedzisiro yeMary mudiki yairaira kuti kubva pakuzvarwa, iye akagadzirirwa kuve mambokadzi weScotland. Baba, vanomhanyisa nyika panguva yekuonekwa kwehurumende yemberi, vakafa kamwe kamwe mwana paasina kuzadziswa uye vhiki. Monarch haana kupona nekukundwa kweuto mukusangana neEngland uye kufa kwevana vari vaviri vakasara vadyi venhaka vekupedzisira pamuteedzerwe wechirume.
Mushure mekufa kwamambo anoitira mambo, kurwira kodzero yekuti mwana azivikanwe. Uku kurwa kwakaratidza mamiriro ezvinhu ezvematongerwo enyika munyika, hondo yake yakazova nayo hupenyu hwomambokadzi mudiki. Musangano wacho wairamba wakange ari James Hamilton - hama yepedyo yeStarts, ichitsigira pesvedzero yeEngland, kunyangwe hondo yerudzi mbiri. Amai vemusikana wemusikana Maria de giz, pane kusapindirana, vakatsigira kongiri yeConwealth yeScotland neFrance.
Kutenda kwamangwana kwaMaria Stewart neHurefu hweimwe nyika dzinopikisa yaive basa rekurwara kwenzvimbo yemativi. Pazera ramakore mashanu, mambokadzi wechidiki akatumirwa kuFrance, kudare raHeinrich II, mambo uye nemusikana wenguva yemberi.
MuFrance, Maria akapedza makore anoshamisa, agamuchira dzidzo inopenya, kunyatso nyatso kufadza uye kukudzwa. Mumakore gumi nematanhatu, Maria anoziviswa nemurume wake wekutanga, mugari wenhaka kuFrance - Francis.
Kurwira chigaro
Francis akakuvadza zvakanyanya uye aive nehutano husina kusimba. Makore maviri mushure memuchato, hupenyu hwejaya rakagurwa. Maria Medicti akauya kuzosimba muFrotland, uye mambokadzi weScotland akauya kuzodzokera kuAmaziland, kwaive naamai vaMaiamai vaMariya vachitonga, uye shanduko yePurotesitendi yakamutswa.
Chivanze, chakakamurwa, seScotland, makamera maviri - muPurotesitendi neKaturike, vakaedza kusendamira mambokadzi kune mumwe wemapato. Pasinei nokushaikwa kwechiitiko, Maria Stewart akasarudzwa anokwanisa uye akangwara anokanganisika mutemo. Haana kubvisa chiPurotesitendi, akatenderwa panguva yechitendero chechitendero chepamutemo, asi haana kurega kutaura neRundo rweCatholic. Mabasa echiKatorike akaramba achiitirwa pachivanze.
Achitambira simba uye akasimbiswa pachigaro chechigaro chechigaro chechigaro chechienzi, mambokadzi akawana rugare rugare uye kugadzikana munyika, kunyange kuvengana neErizabheti ini, iye muridzi wechigaro chechiChirungu, akachengetedzwa. Erizabheti akaonekwa nenhamba zvisiri pamutemo, naMaria Stewart, maererano nevatsigiri, vaive nekodzero dzakawanda kuchigaro. Chete mukusangana kwakavhurika kweScotland haina kugadziriswa.
Hupenyu Hwako
Mudiki, akanaka, akanaka uye akanaka uye akanyatsodzidziswa mambokadzi Maria aive akakurumbira nevarume. Mukadzi akafadzwa uye akatenderera musoro kune vadyi venhaka nemadzimambo. Asi hupenyu hwemamambo hunoburitswa kune zvido zveHurumende uye zvinoshandiswa zvisingaenzaniswi nenhoroondo yenyika. Rudo muchato hauwanzo gororo uye wakaruramiswa mambokadzi.
Muchato wacho wainzi kutengeserana kunobatsira uye kutanga kwemubatanidzwa uye kutsigirwa kwenyika. Mushure mekufa kwaFrancis, mubvunzo wewanano Mary Stewart pamusoro pewanano. Elizabeth seanoshora paruoko uye mwoyo webiramu wakapa Rainorera Rafura reRobert Dudley. Batiro rakadaro rakakonzera kusheerera kwaMariya. Mambokadzi haana kukwanisa kusarudza mambokadzi anodeda.
Muna 1565, hama yeMambokadzi Heinrich Stewart Inosvika muScotland, Lord Darnley. Chekunze chinokwezva, jaya rakasarudzika uye rakakwirira rakakwezva kutarisisa kwaMariya uye pakarepo mumwoyo make. Mugore rimwe chetero, vadiki vakaroora icho chaive chikonzero chekusagutsikana kwevaMamberenzi vechiRungu uye vaScottish purotesitendi. Vatungamiriri vakagadziridzwa zvakanyanyisa vedare retsimbabvu vakafunga kurangana uye vakaedza kurera zano, iro Mariya rakakwanisa kudzvinyirira, achiisa nhamburiko yakakura.
Iye murume achangobva kuodza mwoyo mambokadzi, achinetseka, asina kugadzirira kuyedza chigaro chemurume. Hurumende yakatonhorera kune mumwe wako, kunyangwe paine chikamu cheyadhi uye nekuzvarwa kwemugari wenhaka. Netsigiro yekufungidzira Darnley, akaronga kurangana, uye pamberi pemunhu ane nhumbu Stewar akaurayiwa neutsinye neshamwari yake yepedyo uye munyori wezvomunhu waDavid Riccio.
Kuenda kune Cunning, mambokadzi kuyananiswa pachena nemurume wake nevatsigiri vake, vachikamura mumubatanidzwa wepuranga. Kana mauto anokwikwidza paakaoma, Maria aibatikana aratoro.
Mwoyo wamambokadzi unopihwa kune mumwe murume - James Hepbern, uye mukadzi anongovhiringidza chete. Nemamiriro ezvinhu asinganzwisisike muna 1567, darnley kuuraya mumugwagwa wejira reElinburgh. Iyo yekugara iyo iyo monarch yakamiswa yakamiswa. Kubatanidzwa kwaMariya kune zviitiko hazvina kuratidzwa. Vanyori venhoroondo vachiri kurasika mukufungidzira zvakananga kubatanidzwa mukupondwa kwemukadzi asina mutsa.
Hazvina kunyara, mune imwechete1567, inotungamirwa chete nemunda wemoyo, Maria akaroora foodita. Ichi chiitiko chinonyadzisa chivanze chake rutsigiro.
Asiri-yekutanga, ane hutsinye akavhiringidzika muProtestanti munguva pfupi pfupi nguva inoronga kupandukira uye kumanikidza mambokadzi kuti vasiye chigaro choushe vachisiya Mwanakomana Yakov, uyo mumwe wevaridzi vepurotess anogadzwa. Zvakakosha kucherechedza kuti Maria anoronga hepburn kutiza kubva munyika, achinetseka nezve hupenyu hwomudiwa.
Mambokadzi akawandisa akasungwa munzvimbo yeLohallen castle, uko, kupi nerunyerekupe, muchivande vakabereka mapatya. Hazvizivikanwe, vana vakapukunyuka kana vakazvarwa vafa, asi munhoroondo yeScotland mazita avo haana kutaurwa. Kunyengera murindi weWarden, Maria akatiza kubva mukubatira uye akaenda kuEngland, achitarisira kutsigira Elizabeth.
Rufu
Kune VaMambokadzi weEngland, Maria Stewart agara ari mukwikwidzi asingadiwe uye mukwikwidzi weHumambo. Scotland Scotland haina kunzwisisa izvo zvinotadzisa Elizabeth, uye haina kuziva kuti mukadzi weRussia aifamba sei, uyo asina vagari venhaka kana hupenyu hwega. Kuedza kudhonza nguva, Elizabeth akabatana nemukoma mune tsamba, akanganisa kusangana pachangu.
PaMariya akarara musungwa wevatsotsi uye varume, saka iyo yekupedzisira yemukadzi yaifanira kusarudza komisheni yerudzi rwechirungu. Runako rweBess uye akabva aita basa racho, akawira murudo nahwo uye akagadzirira kuroora pamwe neyekupomera mhosva yemuchadenga webasa racho pacharo.
Pakupedzisira, kushivirira kwaErizabheti kwakasvikira kumagumo. Maria akabatwa nechokunetseka kwekurangana. Gwaro rakanyengerwa, zvichienderana nekwaSeotland kuti vauraye Erizabheti. Mambokadzi wechiRungu akasaina kuraira kuti muurayi weMary Stewart.
Kuzvikudza kweScotland akakumbira rufu rwefurudzi. Pazuva rekukwirira pane rima, akaendesa mupfeko mutsvuku uye nemusoro wakasimudzwa wakaenda kumuuraya. Kutsunga uye ushingi hwemukadzi akacherekedza avo vese varipo, kunyangwe iye anozviuraya. Kuzvese, Maria akati anokanganwira munhu wese, uye akaisa musoro kune vakawa.
Iyo yakakundwa uye yakabvamburwa mambokadzi anodikanwa kuvigwa muFrance. Sungano yekupedzisira yaMariya haina kuzadzisa, kuviga zvasara muEngland. Mwanakomana waMariya Yakov, achiva mambo mutongo uye mambo England muna 1603, akarayira kuti uchatamisa neguruva mai Westminster Abbey.
Ndangariro
Akadaro anopenya uye anoshamisa, kushungurudzika kwakazara, kungwara uye rudo, aisakwanisa kusafarira vanyori uye nhetembo. Nhoroondo yehupenyu hwaMambokadzi yakatsanangurwa neFriedrich Schiller, Stefan Cweig, Joseph Brotsky akatsaurira dambudziko renyonganiso yenhetembo dzenhechi dzechitunha "Minda makumi maviri kuna Maria Stewart."
Mufananidzo wemambokadzi unoratidzwa mumitambo uye mafirimu. "Nhusi dzakakurumbira" dzinotaura nezve biography yemambokadzi wechidiki uye kusvika pachigaro.
Zvichida, hapana kana mumwe wevakadzi vemamongi akateerera kune hunyanzvi uye mabhuku, iye Maria Stewart, chirabwe nechirwere chehupenyu hwacho hwaive kuedza kuratidza vanyori vepasi rose.
Panguva dzakasiyana mumuvhi mumufananidzo wemambokadzi Scottish Shone:
- Catherine Hepbrun muFirimu "Mary Scottish" (1936)
- Inge Keller muTelefilm "Maria Stewart" (1959)
- Vanessa Redgrave mufirimu "Maria - Mambokadzi weScotland" (1971)
- Clemenence Poets muFirimu "Kurangana Kunorwisa Kroona" (2004)
- Charlotte anokunda mune mini TV tv series "mambokadzi - mhandara" (2005)
- Barbara Flynn mu Mini-Series "Elizabeth i" (2005)
- Samantha Morton mufirimu "Goridhe Age" (2007)
- Adelaide Kane muTerevhizheri "Humambo" (2013)
- Camilla Ponerford mufirimu "Maria - Mambokadzi weScotland" (2013)
- Sirsha Ronan mufirimu "Maria - Mambokadzi weScotland" (2018)