Biography
Nikolay Berdyev inonyanya kufunga kuti uzivi hwehunyanzvi hwakaisanganisira nzira dzeKant uye schenpenhauer, anopikisa kusarudzwa uye mutsigiri werusununguko rwevanhu. Kuva munhu anonamata, aitenda kuti communism uye fascism inokurudzira kuramba tsika dzehunhu neuchenjeri. Pfungwa dzake dzakagadzirwa nemambakwedza ezana ramakore rechi20 zvakakodzera zvekuti makotesheni kubva pamabasa ePairesi akashandisa musoro wenyika mune yegadziriro yeRussia.Hudu uye Vechidiki
Nikolai akaberekwa muna Kurume 1874 pedyo neKiev, mune estate, sekuru vazukuru mambo ini. Mhuri yaive aristocratic. Baba Alexander Mikhaillovich - wedzinza remachinda eBakhmetyev. Madzitateguru aamai Alexandra Sergeyevna, mumusikana weKward - Vamiriri veiyo yekare Generak yeMnishek, pototsky uye kunyange mambo weFrance Louis vi.
Nikolai uye Senior Hama Sergey vakagamuchira dzidzo yekutanga imba, vaive nemitauro yakati wandei. Yakatemwa Kolya yakadzidzwa muVladimir uye Kiev Cadet Corps. Zvadaro, maererano netsika yemhuri, yaifanirwa kupinda muzvitoro zvePresi, asi vakasarudza kuita kuzvidzora. Muna 1894 Berdyev akagamuchira chitupa chekukura kweiyo kiev-pechersk gymnasium.
Mugore rimwe chetero, Nikolai akapinda muUniversity of St. Vladimir, kune Fizikisi uye Mathematics Consulty, mushure megore akaendeswa kune zviri pamutemo. Asi zvaive zvisingaitike kuti utore diploma yedzidzo yedzidzo Berdyev: Zvekutora chikamu mumudzidzi marvita ekuzvidzivirira uye kiev "yunivhesiti yekurwa kwekusunungurwa kweboka rekushanda", rakabvarurwa kubva kuyunivhesiti. Izvi zvisati zvaitika, jaya racho rakasungwa kaviri kuti rienderere mberi nekupokana kwekurwisa.
Muna 1900, Nikolai akaendeswa kuVologda Province pasi pemapurisa kutariswa. Ikoko, Muzivi wechidiki akanyora bhuku racho kuti "Kusvina uye kune chimwe chinhu muuzivi paruzhinji". Runyararo ruzhinji rwehupfumi uye Peopomist Peter anochenesa, asati abvisa kuGermany, akagadzirira chimedu. Berdyev akabatana neyematongerwo enyika "Mubatanidzwa wekusunungurwa" akarongeka aine comrades.
Berdyeva's Biograph's Biography yakaratidza nguva yaAkararama nayo: kufamba kwekuchinja, kutsvaga kwezvibodzwa zvitsva, kukanda zvakanyanyisa kusvika pakanyanya. Nikolay Alexandrovich uye imwe yevagadziri vechiitiko icho, iyo inonzi "Russian Renaissance yekutanga kwezana ramakumi maviri."
Uzivi
Maonero ehunyanzvi aNikolai Berdyev aive maratidziro kana, mune chero nyaya, kutsoropodzwa kwehuwandu nefoni uye rationalism. Pfungwa idzi, kubva pamaonero ayo, zvinokanganisika zvine hungwaru rusununguko rwehunhu, ichocho, kuvapo kwekuvapo ndiko kunoreva iyeye.
Hunhu nevanhu vanhu ndivo pfungwa dzakasiyana. Muongorori akatenda kuti yekutanga yaive chikamu chemweya, tsika, yechipiri - yechisikirwo, chikamu chevanhu. Hunhu huri kunyanya kusanzwisisirwa uye haishande kune chero hunhu, kana chechi kana kuHurumende. Rusununguko rweBerdyev runyorwa rwakapiwa, rwakanyanya kupfuura kubva kune hunhu uye murume, akazvimiririra akazvimiririra. Kana ikatyora "hutungamiriri hwehuMwari hwekuti," zvakaipa zvinoonekwa.
Mubasa re "murume uye muchina" vanofunga hunyanzvi senzira yekusunungura mumweya wemunhu, asi anotya kuti kutsiva kunogona kuitika, uye munhu acharasikirwa nemweya nemutsa. Uyezve mubvunzo unomuka, uye chii chichapa vanhu kunyimwa izvi hunhu kune nyika inotevera nyika. Mushure mezvose, kunamata hakusi kubatana kuna Mwari chete, inonyanya kuwirirana nenyika uye kuti munhu anoratidza sei nyika ino kuburikidza neyake.
Kune paradox. Kufambira mberi kwehunyanzvi kunoenda kumberi tsika, art, inoshandura nheyo dzetsika. Ehe, uye hupenyu hunofambira mberi. Kune rimwe divi, kunamatwa kwakanyanya kwezvinhu zvehunyanzvi zvinonyadzisa vanhu kukurudzira mukuwana tsika tsika. Uye pano zvakare inosimuka musoro wenyaya yerusununguko rwemweya
Pakutanga kwechiziviso chake chehunyanzvi, Nikolay AlexandRovich anoyemura mazano eKarl Marx. Nekudaro, gare gare, achiratidza kukudziridzwa kwemazano echiKomonisiti muRussia, mubhuku ra "The On The Communism Communism" yakananga kuti marxism iri mune ino haina kukwana.
Mubasa "zano reRussia", muzivi akaedza kupindura mubvunzo wezvaive mweya usinganzwisisike weRussia. Berdyever anoshandisa mifananidzo inopenya uye alligories, nhoroondo dzakafanana uye aphorisms. Semienzaniso, pane zviitiko zvekufara nguva yakafara - kubva kuAVVakum protopopa kuVladimir Lenin, kubva kurubhabhatidzo rweRussia kusvika kuRussia Revolution.
Sekureva kwaBerdyev, vanhu veRussia havasati vachida kutevedzera imbwa dzemutemo, zvakanyanya kukosha uye uremu hwakaiswa mukati mechimiro. Pfungwa ye "Russianness" iri mu "rusununguko rwerudo mukuziva kwakadzama uye kwakachena kweshoko."
Hupenyu Hwako
Berdyev's Mukadzi, Lydia Yudifovna Dohushev, aibva kumhuri yegweta rakanaka, mugari wekurumbidza weKharkov. Musikana uyu akadzidziswa muSwitzerland, uye shure kwaSwitzerland, uye pamwe chete nehanzvadzi, Evgenia akapedza mwedzi mutirongo achifungidzirwa nezvematongerwo enyika, amai vakazvitumira kuParis, kuchikoro cheRussia chechikoro chemagariro.
Panguva yekuzivana naBerdyev, Lida aive akaroora neredhiyo uye mutsigiri wemazano ezvemagariro Viktor Rapsa. Druzeyeyev akakundwa neiyi kupandukira. Pashure pokunge mumwe kusungwa, Lidia nemurume wake vakatumirwa kubva kuKharkov to Kiev, kwaPera munaFebruary 1904 akasangana naNikolai.
Mukuwa kwegore rimwe chetero, Berdyev akabayira mukadzi kuti asimusiyire muSt. Petersburg, uye kubvira ipapo vaviri vacho havana kupatsanurwa. Zvisinei, Lida naNikolai havana kugara semurume wake nemukadzi mutsika, asi, maererano nehanzvadzi, Druševa - Eugene, vaapositori vekutanga ", sekunge hama nehanzvadzi.
Zvakawanda zvinoreva kuti Berdyev zvakachengetedzwa muwanano yemweya. Izvi zvakanyorwa muDiariari naLydia DiviFona, kusimbisa kuti kukosha kwehukama hwavo kwaive kusavapo kwe "chero chinhu chipi zvacho, chatinobata uye chatinobata nekuzvidzwa kwakadaro."
Nzvimbo yezviitiko zvake iyeye akasarudza Charity, yakabatsira Nicholas pabasa, akaita kuti kururamisa kwebasa rake. Yakanga isiri yega Berdyeva uye kusika - yakanyora nhetembo uye zvinyorwa, asi haina kutsvaga kudhindwa.
Muna 1922, mhuri yaBerdyev yakasiya nyika. Nikolai Alexandrovich akatumirwa, uye Ridhiya, chokwadika, aisakwanisa kumusiya ari oga. Uyezve, muna 1917 Akachinja Kutenda - akapfuura muCatholicism, kutambudzwa kwevaKatorike kwakatanga muSoviet Russia. Pakutanga, Berdyev, pamwe naamai nehanzvadzi yaLida vaigara muBerlin, vakabva vaenda kuFrance, uko shamwari yemhuri yakatetepa kumadokero. Ikoko Nikolai akanyora autobiography ye "kuzvivimba", iyo yakabudiswa mushure mekufa kwake.
Rufu
Muzivi weRussia akafira pane imwe nyika, mumativi eParis - Claar, muna Kurume 1948. Makore matatu zvisati zvaitika, Lyudia JudiFona akafa nekenza. Hanzvadzi yake Eugene akabatsira kuburikidza neimba. Akawana berdyev muhofisi yedhesiki rekunyora. Kusvikira maminetsi ekupedzisira, uyo anofunga akashanda - akagadzirira manyoro ebhuku "Umambo noMweya neHumambo hwaKesari."
Imba yaNikolai Alexandrovich ichinge yadzvanywa yeRussian Orthodox Church kunze kwenyika. Kusimudza pane yeOrthodox tsika yakaita vapristi vashoma. Ivo pachavo vaiziva Berdyev uye vaida kuishandisa munzira yekupedzisira. Paguva revazivi rakaiswa chete cross cross.
BHAIBHERI
- 1909 - "Milestones"
- 1913 - "Duchets dzeMweya"
- 1915 - "mweya weRussia"
- 1918 - "Kubva pakadzika"
- 1924 - "Middle New Middle"
- 1931 - "Chikristu uye Kurwisa Kwekirasi"
- 1931 - "Russian Russion Psychology neCommunist Atheism"
- 1934 - "Ini neNyika yezvinhu (chiitiko cheizvozvo uye kutaurirana uzivi)"
- 1939 - "Pamusoro pehuranda uye rusununguko rwemunhu. Ruzivo rwehunyanzvi hwega
- 1940 - "Kuzviziva"