Biography
Vitus ionsen bering ndeimwe yezvakawanikwa, ane hupenyu hwave chiratidzo cheushingi uye kuzvitsaurira. Kubva pamakore evechidiki vekwafambi vanonakidzwa nechinhu chemvura. Kutenda kune iyo nyota yeruzivo uye hunyanzvi hwevarume, iyo yekutanga maritition yetsamba yakaitika, iyo yakaunza zita rekuti "Cradle yeCartography" kuRussia State.Hudu uye Vechidiki
Biography yeGreat Maritherener yakatanga muguta remabhiza, yakavakirwa padziva remukadzi diki. Mukomana akaberekwa musi waAugust 2 (maererano neyekare chimiro - Nyamavhuvhu 12) 1861. Vitus yakava mhosva yechitatu mumhuri yemakarati Aristocrat weAnna Pedderduatter kurova uye mushandi weioni svendsen.
Uye zita, zita remukomana rakagamuchirwa kubva kuna mai. Pasinei nemamiriro ezvinhu akaomarara emhuri, pedigree anna Pedderduatter aigona kuridza basa rakanaka re vitus mune ramangwana.
Zita risinganzwisisike raive mutero wekurangarira kwehama dzaamai, uyo akave akakurumbira basa redare renyika. Kukazivadzwa kwakazara kwezita ndicho chikonzero nei vakararama panguva inofambidzana nezvinyorwa pamusoro peiyo navigator nemafoto asiri iwo, vamiriri vakashamisika veimwe mhuri.
Vabereki vakasungira kukosha kukuru kune kuumbwa kwevana, saka vitus vakadzidza diploma uye chiperengo. Mukomana akashanyira chikoro, icho chaive mumugwagwa mumwechete, panowanikwa imba yevabereki. Kunyangwe kuda kuziva, mwana panguva yekutanga kwamhanya kubva kuzvidzidzo kuenda kuchiteshi. Vitus akapedza nguva yakawanda yekukurukurirana nevatengesi vakaudza kuti vabvunze zvinonakidza gungwa adventures.
Pazera ramakore gumi nematatu, nekukasira mushure mekupedza kudzidza, Vitus akanyora mutyairi wechikepe chechikepe chechiDutch. Mufambi wechidiki akashanyira zviwi zveCaribbean uye akapedza nguva yakawanda muOst-India. Achiziva kuti hapana ruzivo rwakakwana kuti uvake basa, Vitus akaenda kumahombekombe muAmsterdam, kwaaipinda nyore nyore kuGungwa Cadet Corps.
Zvakawanikwa
Kupedzwa kwekudzidza kwekurovera kwakabatana nekufarira kwaPeter kwekutanga kukudziridza kwechikepe chemarunyi. Vamiririri, vane bank rakatanga kuunganidzwa kwevatorwa nyanzvi, vakabvisa pfungwa kune vitus, iyo yaive yeora chimiro yakasununguka uye kuratidzwa, kwakakosha kugungwa.
Muna 1704, kuroverera kwakatamira kuRussia, kwaakakurumidza kuendesa kuburikidza nemanera ebasa. Asi mushure mebasa remakore makumi maviri rakanyorwa chete nehunhu hwakanaka uye mibairo, Navigator akasiya basa. Vanyori venhoroondo vanopotsa kuti iyo inokonzeresa chiitiko ndiko kuzvikudza kweanoputika. Iye murume haana kugamuchira zita remutungamiriri weiyo 1st chinzvimbo, zvekuti mutyairi wekuda awona kare.
Zvakagadzirwa nenzvimbo zvinowanikwa neiyo Vitus Surname, zvakaitika panguva yekutanga Kamchhatka Expedition. Muna 1724, nekuraira kwePeter Chikepe chekutanga cheRussia chakaenda kutsvagurudza kwenyika itsva. Nyanzvi chete iyo yaizokunda neiyo yakaoma basa rakazova ruchiva.
Kwemakore mashanu, murume akaongorora uye akagadza mabhanga eChauotka uye Kamchatka pamepu. Kukodzera kwekurova kunosanganisira kurangwa kwekufungidzira kuti America yakabatana neAsia, uye Kamchatka inoshanduka neJapan. Maiwe, mhedzisiro inoshamisa yakadaro yekubuda kwekushandiswa haina kuwana yakakodzera kutarisirwa muAdmiralty.
Vakuru vakasarudza kuti kubheka hakuna kururamisa tariro uye zvakashata kuzadzisa zvakarairwa namambo. Zvese kukosha kweVitus zvakawanikwa nevetus zvakasimbiswa James Cook, uyo akazivikanwa nekutakura kwevakuru muna 1778. Basa risingashambadziruke remuchirungu rainzi chirungu rwakaita pakati peEurasia neAmerican mukukudzwa kwevanofamba, avo vaisaziva pachangu.
Iyo yechipiri kamchatka yekukurumidza yanga yatounganidzwa pachitauro che Vitus pachavo, chivimbo mukuda kudzidza Siberia, Kumabvazuva kwemakungwa ekumusoro. Panguva ino geography ye chidzidzo uye mabasa akagadzwa pamberi pechikepe aive akareba. Naizvozvo, kubereka kwakafunga kuenda pakubuda pane dzimwe shiri mbiri.
Murayiro wemudziyo wechipiri wakapihwa Alexey Chirikov. Iye murume akaita mabasa emutungamiriri weKutt kamchatka expitition uye akawana chivimbo chisingaperi chekusvava. Zvirongwa zvevaongorori zvaifanira kudzidza Sibhia, enda kuKamchatka uye utarise kumahombekombe eNorth America kuti uzive zvakadzama nemhenderekedzo dzakaderera.
Hupenyu Hwako
Munguva yechipiri Kamchatka Expedition, Bering bering yaiperekedzwa nemukadzi nevana. Shure muna 1713, Navigator vakapedzisa muchato nemwanasikana wemutengesi kubva kuVyborg - Anna Christina pulse.
Pakutanga, musara wechidiki zvakadzikama zvakasunungura anodikanwa mugungwa kufamba. Mukadzi iye amene aive akaita hupfumi uye akarera vana.
Kwemakore gumi nemaviri ekutanga ekuroora, vacheche vana vakaberekerwa, uye vana chete ndivo chete vapenyu: Jonas, Thomas, Anton naAnna Helga.
Pakasvika nguva yemuroora wake, Ana Christine akange aneta nekugara kusipo kwemurume wake. Kusiya Jonas ane chembere naThomas pakutarisirwa kwehama kubva kuVyomasi, mukadzi akaunganidza sirivheri, China uye, akabata nhamo naAnna, akafamba nomurume wake.
Rufu
PAKUTI KUTI AVAKIN Bay takananga kuNorth America, ngarava "Saint Peter", uyo akatungamira, akarasika mugungwa rakavhurika. Mamiriro ekunze akashata haana kubvumira kuona nzvimbo yemudziyo, uye qing qing dzakatanga kuparadza vashandi vechikepe.
Imwe yekupedzisira kusanakidza kusingafadzi kubereka. Kunyangwe kunzwa kushaya simba, muongorori haana kusiya maneja wechikepe. Chikamu chisingatarisirwi chevhu chakafukidzwa nechando pamusoro penzvimbo chave tariro yeruponeso.
Asi musi waDecember 8, 1741, mwedzi wapfuura kuenda kumahombekombe, vitus kubereka kwakazopera simba ndokufa mumufare akafa. Iye murume akavigwa pachitsuwa chisina zita, icho mune ramangwana rinomiririra mamepu sechitsuwa chejira.
Muna 1991, boka rakakosha rekuchera matongo rakawana zvasara zveVitus. Kudzidza kwakadzama kwakaita kuti zvikwanisike kugumisa kuti chirwere chisingazivikanwe chakakonzerwa nerufu rwevafambi, kwete kunge hunhu pane zing.
Sekureva kwaOlga Sotnikova, The Pravoda Matrosoi Satnikov, akafamba achitaura nekurohwa, mufambi mukuru akafa nevaanoteerera zvake. Nekuda kwekuparadzwa kwekutya, izvo zvakakonzera zvikanganiso zvakati wandei, iyo "ST. Peter Peter" yaive pachitsuwa chisina kugamuchirwa, kwaaisakwanisa kuwana chikafu uye pekugara.
Vafambisi vechikepe vakaviga mutungamiriri wavo ari mupenyu muvhu. Asi iyo ongororo yeiyo skeleton yeiyo discoveres haisimbise dzidziso. Muna 1992, zvasara zvevaNavigator nevasingazivikanwe vegungwa vakadzoserwa kunyika iri munharaunda yeMutungamiriri weimba.
Ndangariro
- Muna 1818, kamchatka (kana bobrovaya) gungwa rakatanga kutaurwa nekurohwa.
- Muna 1937, Geogrherti Eric Khulten akataura kuti zita reBeringia, iyo inosanganisira kubaya masimba, iyo gungwa uye rukhi gungwa, chikamu cheKamchatka uye chikamu Alaska.
- Muna 1945, chifananidzo kune iyo navigator yakavambwa muPetropavlovsk-kamchatsky, kuwana guta.
- Muna 1957, mugungwa rakabikwa negungwa mukuremekedza mufambi, musha "beringovsky" ainzi "zita. Pamberi peizvi, kugadziriswa kwacho kwakanzi "Marasha".
- Muna 1970, chinyorwa chetsamba cheMutungamiriri Wuri Schozero "Ballad pane kubheka uye shamwari dzake" dzakabudiswa pane zvikwangwani.
- Muna 2006, iyo Kamchatka State Pedagogical Institute pamirairo yemufundisi wedzidzo yakatumidzwa zita reCamga rakatumidzwa kuraira.
- Muna 2016, mukuremekedza makore 275 ekutanga kwekuvhurwa kwezvitsuwa zvemitemo, kukura kwendarira-bwendini yekubheja kwakagadzwa. Iyo mongwe iri mundima yeiyo nzvimbo yeChinyorwa (Nikolskaya musha).