Biography
"Sezvakapfuura neMamay," chirevo ichi chichiri kushandiswa mukutaura kweRussia. Izvo zvinoshandiswa kana zvasvika pakuparadza, kukunda. Uyu ndomumwe weshoko shoma dzeguva yekwaKulikov Hondo, apo Dmitry Donskoy yakatyora mamaevo mauto eMamaevo.Hudu uye Vechidiki
Biography's Biography ine nhamba huru yemavara machena, nekuti anopfuura mazana matanhatu emakore akapfuura kubva pakuonekwa kwayo. Zvichida, anozvarwa mumakore 1335 muguta guru regoridhe regoridhe, iro guta reRaray-Batu. Rode vaibva kuimba yevaAmongodhi, vakareurura chiIslam. Iro zita ndiro shanduro yekare yeTurkic yeMohammed.
Imba inobudirira nemwanasikana waKhan Golden Horde yakabvumidza Amai muna 1357 kuti utore posvo yeBecoughbek: Inotungamirwa neDare Repamusoro, uto uye akatungamira mamiriro ekunze. Pasina kuroora kana Tulunbek, mamaim aisatendera yakakwira nzvimbo.
Goridhe Horde
Muna 1359, mushure mekuponda kwevana veBerdibek Khan Kukutora, Mamay inozivisa Hondo. Kubva panguva iyoyo zvichienda mberi, inonzi "Great Jam" muHorde inotanga. Sezvo mamay anga asiri egirishidhi, aisakwanisa kutora zita reKhan. Ipapo muna 1361 Akazivisa Ilorde Khan (zvikamu zveGoridhe Horde, chikamu chechipiri chakanzi bhuruu) chega chaanoda. Abdullah, anobva kuGood Batum.
Nhanho iyi yakakonzera kuratidzira kwevamwe vanyoreri simba, amai kubva ku1379 kusvika 1357 vaifanira kurwa nevapfumbamwe vepfumbamwe: Nguva nenguva, aive neguta guru, iro guta reSamu. Mukutaurisa mutemo, mamay akatarisa paRapprokement neEuropean States - Veneti, Genieta, Kukurukurirana kukuru kweLithuania uye nevamwe.
Muna1370, kubhururuka kwa Abdullah akafa, anonzi, ruoko rwaMaimi. Mohammed Bulak, mukomana ane makore masere okukura anobva kuGenuus Baouds akasimuka akaenda kunzvimbo yake. Yura, akatonga akazvizivisa Mamaevai Horde kusvika 1380, kusvikira afa muhondo yekwaKulikov Hondo. Kutaura zvazviri, Mamai kukanganisa, pasina kutora zita reKhan.
Hurumende yerima ine moscow yakatanga munzira dzakasiyana. Mumakore ekutanga, kutonga kwaMamay kwakatsigira guta guru, muna 1363, chibvumirano chekudzora Dani akasainwa ne metropolitan Alexia. Mosthin muchinda dmitry akaziva simba reMamia naKhan Abdullah.
Nekudaro, muna 1370, MAMII akasarudza mukuru wake mukuru uye akaiswa kuMikhail Tver. Kwapera gore, Dmitry uye kushanya kwega vakashanyira pekugara kweBekstolebeck uye vakadzoka. Kuvengana kwemaviri kunonamira kwakawedzera mushure megumi nematanhatu. "Kudziya kukuru" kwakatanga, kuguma uko kune iyo chete kurwa kweKulikovsky chete.
Muna1377, Mudiki Khan Gold Gold Amitam vakatanga kudzinga nyika: Muchirimo che1378 akakunda chikamu chekumabvazuva, bhuruu yeiyo horde. Kutevera, akaenda kumavirazuva wokumavirazuva, chena holdde, uko mamay anotonga chaizvo. Pakutanga kwegore ra1380, Tokhtamysh akakwanisa kudzorera nzvimbo yese yegoridhe yegoridhe, chete crimea uye nzvimbo yekuchamhembe yegungwa yakasara iri pasi pekusara.
Mumamiriro ezvinhu akaoma akadaro, mamay anoita chisarudzo chekuronga mushandirapamwe pane Russia kuunganidza zvimwe mutero. Kutarisira chokwadi chekuti mauto eHorde akafuratirwa, nemari yemutongi anopa mazano, mercensiari, gencasas neRusichs anova muhondo yevaKulikov munda, zvakaitika Nyamavhuvhu 8, 1380. Musoro wemauto eRussia aive muchinda weMoscow Dmitry Donskoy.
Masayendisiti emazuva ano haabvumirane mumaonero ekuongorora kwehuwandu hweboka regoridhe. Vamwe vanoti Maama vanhu zviuru makumi matanhatu, vamwe vanotenda kuti kubva pamapoka zana nemakumi mashanu emadhora emazana emazana emazana emvura, uye akazotanga kuoneka mumunda wechiuru, izvo zvakaita kucherechedzwa munda unonamira, isu tiri Vimbisa kuti pamativi maviri kusvika mashanu kusvika zviuru zvishanu, uye kurwa kwakatora maawa matatu, sezvakatsanangurwa muMakronike, uye 20-30 maminitsi.
Ruzivo rwehondo pamusoro pehondo rwakachengetedzwa mune zvina zvinyorwa zvakanyorwa: "Zadonshchchyna", "Tenzi Hondo yeMamaavEv?"? "Hondo yeKulikov yevaKulikov Hondo", " Izwi rekuti "Kulikovskaya Hondo" muSainzi Yakatumirwa N. M. Kamzin mu "Nyaya yeRaramo Russian State".
Mauto akabvumirana munharaunda yekutadza kwerwizi uploaded kuti don, ikozvino inzvimbo yeTula mudunhu. Kwenguva yakareba, chikonzero chekusavapo kwekuviga munda wetswaakaramba chakavanzika, kuchera kwakapera nekuwana kwezvombo. Nekudaro, muna 2006, nekuda kweiyo itsva geororara, ivo vakawana kufungidzira kwekuviga kwevakakuvadzwa. Iko kushaikwa kwefuma inoramba yakatsanangurwa nezviitiko zvemakemikari eiyo chernozem, iyo inokurumidza kuparadza machira.
Mangwanani aSeptember 8, mauto akamirira kusvikira fog ichabviswa. Hondo yacho yakatanga nemarwadzo madiki, mushure mezvo pakanga paine mutambo unozivikanwa waAlexander Perevaste ne lubeem, umo vaviri vakaurayiwa. Dnyskoy dnskoy yakatanga kuchengeta kurwa muchitendero chemuchichengete, akamira mumatanho, achichinja hembe zvine mukomana ane boyari.
Mamay akatarisa kurwa kubva kure. Paakangoziva kuti uto raikundwa, uye kutungamira kwevarwi veRussia kunopedza marara emhare yake, tatars, akatungamirwa nemutongi, akatendeuka. Akaziviswa Khanyi mudiki, mamaai mai vacho mamaai
Kubva munaGunyana 9 kusvika Nyamavhuvhu 16, vakafa vakavigwa pamunda. Pasi peguva remafaro, kereke yakavakwa, iyo yakanga isina kuchengetedzwa pazuva razvino. Kubva 1848, chifananidzo chechirongwa ichi A. P. Bryoullov anga akamira pane iyo Kulikov munda. Vanyori venhoroondo vanofunga kuti kukunda kwaDomiti Donskov muNzvimbo yeKulikov kwakaunza kuRussia kusunungura kubva mukusunungura kutonga kwekunze. Kune Horde, kukundwa kwaMama kwakaparira kusanganisa kwawo pasi pehutongi hwehutongi hweVakabatana Khan Takhtamysh.
Mushure mekukundwa paKulik, iyo amay munda yakaedza kuunganidza uto zvakare kuti utsiva pane DONSKY DONSKOY. Nekudaro, zvaisavepo kutora imwe kurova kuRussia, nekuti Khan Tukhtysh aive nekushingaira achiedza kuhwina zvinhu zvazvino zveMaama.
MunaSeptember 1380, Amai Mamia neTokhtamysh Army yakasangana muhondo ye "paKalki". Maererano nezvirangaridzo zvakachengetwa, pakanga pasina kurwa kwakananga - chikamu chikuru cheMamaokero troops chaingotamira kudivi reTukthitamysh. Mamay haana kusarudza kuvaramba, akatiza kuenda kuground. Nekukunda kweTukthyh, hondo yerarama yekare yakapera, uye hondo yegoridhe yakava imwe nyika.
Hupenyu Hwako
Mukadzi wepamusoro wemunhu wepamusoro akatora Tulunbek, mwanasikana waKhan Golden Horde Beribek. Imba yacho yaibatsira rima, akapihwa zita remunyori waKhan, "Gurgen". Kutenda kuswededza kusvika kuBerdibek Mamai, akagamuchira posvo yeBeclabek - gurukota rekutanga. Iyi ndiyo nzvimbo yepamusoro iyo "isina-musasa" inogona kunyorera.
Muna 1380, mushure mekunge mamay yakarasika muhondo kuKalka, akatizira kuCrimea, kwaakaurayiwa. Tulunbek, pamwe chete neHarem - vakadzi vadiki - vakawana tichhtamuusha. Akaita chisarudzo chekuroora chirikadzi kuti awedzere kubereka kwake mumaziso ezvakakudzwa metropolitan.
Makore matanhatu gare gare, kuTokhtamyshi akaita rangano, ruzivo rwezvisina kuchengetedzwa. Pamwe, aive achiedza kutsiva batu rake pachigaro. Zvinotendwa kuti vatori vechikamu vekurangana ndivo vateveri veMamay vakatungamirwa naTulunbek. Tukhtamama akauraya mukadzi wake, achifungidzirwa kupindurwa.
Kutaura chaizvo kuti vana vangani vaivapo, hazviratidzike. Izvo zvinozivikanwa kuti mumwe wevanakomana vake, mansur Kyatovich, mushure mekufa kwaBaba vake kuenda kuCrimea uye akagadzira hunhu hwehunyanzvi hweGrand Lithuania uye negoridhe rakatanga, rakazova chikamu cheLithuanian.
Mwanakomana wake Alex muna 1392 akabvuma Orthodoxy, agamuchira zita rekuti Alexander. Akaroora mwanakomana wake oga pane muchinda anastasia ostrog. Wechipiri wedzinza reManesuri, Skider, akava musoro wePolovtsy kumavirazuva ekumavirazuva okuchamhembe kwegungwa regungwa.
Muzana ramakore rechi 16, machinda akatanga kunzi magwaro eLithuania eLithuania eGlinsky, zita reguta reGlinsk, uko kugara kwacho kwaive. Zvingangoitika, iyi ndarama yanhasi. GLINSKE - LASTHINE Lithuanian genus, kubva kune iyo Elena Glinskaya yakaitika, amai veIvan Grozny. Saka, mumwe wevazukuru vaMath aive akanaka mutungamiriri weMoscow neese Russia.
Iyo genus dashkevichi, vishnevets, Ruzagsky, ostrog, zvakare Fungawo nezvevazukuru vamaths. Aya manhau emuchinda aiita basa rakakosha mukuumbwa kweiyo zapozoro razvino.
Mumwe wedzinza raBecolebek ndiye MuUkraine Cossack Mamay. Muna 2003, iyo firimu inotungamirwa naOlesya Sanina yakaburitswa nezve yekupedzisira. Iyo pendi yakavakirwa pane iyo vhezheni yemunyori yekubuda kweiyo ngano pamusoro peUkraine Amai. Hafu yebhajeti bhajeti yakaiswa kune wega kuchengetedza mutungamiriri.
Rufu
Panguva yekufa kwaMama vaine makore makumi nematanhatu, chikonzero cherufu chiri kuponda. Kune ngano dzinoverengeka nezvekuti Mamaai akafa sei. Izvo zvinozivikanwa kuti mushure mekukunda kubva kuTokhtamsh's mauto, MAMARI akatiza kune nhare yeCafu (ino yazvino foodosia). Akange aunganidza pfuma naye. Vagari venzvimbo vanogara munhare, vakatanga kuigamuchira mukuchinjana kwechikamu chefuma, uye ndokuzourayirwa pane kuraira kweichtamyshi.
Maererano nerimwe data, Maama vakapfuura kuTokhtyh, uyo akaita hupenyu hwake hwega hwenyika. Han akamuviga nevose vanokudza, guva rinowanikwa muSheikh Amai (iro zita razvino - musha weAivazovskoye, kwete kure neFoodia). Kurgggan netsaona akawana iyo artist I. K. Aivazovsky. Maererano nedzimwe data, mamay mamay akavigwa (yazvino Urban yekugara yekare crimea).
Kune ngano yekuti domnika mama yakavigwa mune chombo chendarama mumiroto, inonzi mukukudzwa kwake, iyo iri mundima yeguta razvino reGuta razvino reVigogo. Kuchera kwakawanda kuAmaiv Kurgan vhezheni haina kusimbiswa, guva harina kuwanikwa. Parizvino, mamaev Kurgggan anozivikanwa seyakagadzirirwa chifananidzo - magamba eanosimbisa kurwa ".
Ndangariro
- 1955 - Karyshkovsky P. O. "Kulikovskaya Hondo"
- 1981 - Shennikov A. A. "Kukurukurirana kwevazukuru vaamaia"
- 2010 - Kuneshaev R. Yu. "Mauai: Iyo nyaya ye" Anti-gamba "munhoroondo (iyo 630 yegumi neyekura yeKulikovsky Hondo yakatsaurwa)"
- 2010 - Kuneshaev R. Yu. "Maiwar the uye amai vake (vanoedza kuparadzira stereotypes)"
- 2012 - pucalev a.v. "kumubvunzo wemari yemazuva ano aAmaia"