Biography
Muzvitendero pane kazhinji pikicha yaSamuel Yakovlevich Marshak yakakomberedzwa nevana. Ndosaka zvisingashamisi, nekuti mudetembi uye munyori akaramba ari shamwari yakanaka kwazvo yevaverengi vaverengi. Iko kugona kwemunyori hakugumiri kumabhuku evana. Brilliant yekufamba shanduro inozivikanwa kune vanoda vadikani veChirungu zvinyorwa zvinyorwa.Hudu uye Vechidiki
Samuel Yakovlevich mumhuri yechiJudha muna Gumiguru 22 (maererano nechimiro chitsva munaNovember 3) ya 1887. Mhuri yakatanga kubva kune yekare mhando yeTalmud vatsvagiri. Baba vemukomana ndeemakemist akashanda chirimwa cheSoap, amai - mukadzi wepamba, kurera vana uye anotarisa hupenyu. Kuwedzera kuna Samueri, vamwe vamwe vana vashanu vakakura mumhuri.
Marshak-Senior akaedza kuziva zvido uye kugona kweanogona napo mumunda weMunda weChemistry, saka mhuri yaiwanzotamisa: ViteBsk, pokrov, bakhmut. Rondedzero yemaguta yakakanganiswa muOstrogojSk muna 1900.
Kuti ubve mumhuri yechiJudha, dambudziko rakanzi kuGymnasium, sezvo nhamba shoma yenzvimbo dzakagoverwa kuvana vekubva kwakadaro. Ndokusaka baba vaMarshak vaiziva rombo rakanaka kuwana basa muSt. Petersburg, Samueri haana kutevera hama.
Mudiki wekurovedza muviri akauya kuzita guru kuzororo. Imwe yeiyi nzendo yave iri yeramangwana biography yemunyadzo yemunyori. Iye mukomana anomiririrwa nekutsoropodzwa kwakakurumbira uye nhoroondo yezvenhau yenguva iyoyo kuVladimir Stasov.
Zvakakosha kucherechedza kuti nyaya yehuduku uye vechidiki marshak hazvigoneki kutaura mabhuku uye kugona. Sezvo mukova pachake anoyeuka, nhetembo dzakatanga kunyora kare pane kudzidza kuvanyorera. Kunyangwe muOstrogogsk, dhurura kubva pane zvese pamusoro penzvimbo iyi yaive ichienda kumhuri yedetembi yekuteerera kuti vateerere kune basa rekunyora.
Hazvishamisi kuti Stasov, mumaoko aunoita bhuku rekunyora nebasa remukomana, akaonga tarenda remunyori uye rakabatsira kushanduro rwekutanga kwaSamuel Yakovlevich muSt. Petersburg Gymnasium.
Kusvika kuguta riri paNeva, kufambisa kunonyangarika muraibhurari yeruzhinji, zvinoenderana nemabasa ezvinyorwa zvemabhuku emabhuku epasi rose. Vatsoropodzi havana kukanganwa kudzidzisa rudo rwerudo rwevashandi, kunyanya vanotsigirwa vari mumunda weNational Evha wechiJudha kugona kwechiJudha.
Senior comrade inosvitsa nhetembo ne maxim gorky muna 1904. Sezvo akadzidza nezvematambudziko eMarshaki aine hutano hwakakonzerwa nehutano hweSt. Petersburg mamiriro ekunze, gorky anokoka kuti jaya racho rirarame muDalta yake muYalta.
Muguta rekumaodzanyemba, jaya rinoshandisa makore maviri. Muna 1906, agamuchira yambiro pamusoro pekurangana kugadzirira maJuda, anomanikidzwa kubva pamhenderekedzo uye kudzokera kuSt.
Pane hupenyu hwazvino wemunhu wemunyori hauna kumira. Muna 1911, jaya rine boka remasimendi rinoenda parwendo rwekuenda kuMiddle East seanotaura. 1912 ANONYA YAKAITWA Rwendo rwekuEngland dzedzidzo kuYunivhesiti yeLondon.
Kudzokera kumusha kwake muna 1914, jaya racho rakachinja maguta ekugara kakawanda, kusvikira azadzikiswa achienda kuPetrograd muna 1922.
Mabhuku
Mabasa aSamuel Yakovlevich akatanga kubudiswa muna 1907. Iri bhuku rekutanga raive muunganidzwa we "Ziona", zvakatsaurirwa nemusoro wechiJudha. Kuwedzera kune kugona kwemunyori, munyori anofarikanywa neshanduro. Panguva imwecheteyo, inotangawo kushanda munzira iyi zvakare kubva munhetembo dzedeembo dzechiJudha.
Mabasa emudetembi ari kutaurwa kune mumwe mukuru muverengi. Kutenderera kwakanyanya kwesangano remunyori wechidiki kunonzi kuunganidzwa kwenhetembo "Palestine", yakanyorwa panguva yekufamba kwemunyori. Kudzidza kuEngland, anofarira chaizvo kugona kweBritain neScotland, shanduro dzeBallad, pamwe nemabasa ezvinyorwa.
Nehurombo, Bolshevik, uyezve Soviet Stalinist Russia haina kupa kuvimbika nguva dzose kubasa remumaheti nevanyori. Nguva nenguva, vanyori vakawira mukusagadzikana uye kuiswa pasi pekudzvinyirira. Samuel Yakovlevich akawana nzira yekubuda uye nzira yekuvandudza tarenda yetemberi huru mumabasa evana.
Munyori aive nemukurumbira nekuda kwerudo rwechidiki. Muna 1920, Theatre yekutanga yevana yekutanga yakarongwa muKartsnodar, pachidanho chacho pakanga paine zviitiko zvetsamba dzezvinyorwa zvake, zvakadai se "mwedzi gumi nemaviri", "Teremok".
Kubva muna 1923, mabhuku evana emudet anobudiswa muPetrograd, kusanganisira Dudziro kubva kuimba yeChirungu, neyakagadzika jack yavo: "Housy imba yavo," ndizvo zvakapararira "," benzi "," benzi " mbeva diki ".
Mumakore ehondo, kudzivisa kuunganidzwa nekuda kwekuona zvakanaka, Marshak anonyora satironical facens, anotora chikamu mukugadzirwa kweanosikwa-fascist maposita.
Kuti uwane mupiro kumabhuku, munyori akapihwa akati wandei stalinist uye leninist premium uye mubairo, kusanganisira kurongeka kweLenin, kurongeka kwemabhandi Red Redner.
Mumakumi matanhatu, apo anokunda emifananidzo haana kutyisidzira chero chinhu, mudetembi akaburitsa muunganidzwa wenhetembo evakuru vaverengi "Favorites Lyrics". Muna 1960, iyo autobiography yemunyori "pakutanga kwehupenyu" inobudiswa.
Hupenyu Hwako
Mukadzi Sophia Mikhailovna Nilivavid munyori wechidiki akasangana panguva yepakati kumabvazuva kwakakosha kwehupenyu hwake. Kuti udzidze muLondon, vechidiki vakaenda nemhuri kare. Kusvikira pakupera kwehupenyu hweSophia Mikhailovna vakaramba vari shamwari yechokwadi uye museum.
Vakararama panguva iyoyo vakacherekedza kuti vakaroora, kunyangwe mutsauko wacho mune dzimwe nyika uye mavara, anokwanisika zvakakwana. Marshak munhu anosika, akasiyaniswa nehasha dzinopisa, kusimuka, uye Sophia Mikhailovna - Iyo Yechokwadi "Techny" muchitoro chepfungwa, aive anonzwisisa, kugadzikana uye kureruka kwepfungwa.
Nenzira, Samuel Yakovlevich akatambura chisingagoneki. Zvinotaurwa kuti nyaya yemunhu kubva mudetemu yemumugwagwa yakanyora kubva kwaari.
Shamwari yepamoyo yeSoviet Devya iye amene akadzokorora kusangana nematambudziko akabatana nevana vako. Muna 1915, dangwe reMarshakov vaMarshakov, mwanasikana ane makore ane makore okukura Natanieri, akaparadza boliing samovar. Mucheche akafa kubva mukuputika kwakagashirwa.
Makore maviri mushure medambudziko, mwanakomana waImanuel akazviratidza ku nyika, uye muna 1925 - Yakov. Hazvishamisi kuti murume nemukadzi wake vazungunuka pamusoro pevana. Nenzira, iyo "tete yebenzi diki" yakanyorwa nenhetembi kweusiku humwe kuwana mari yekurapa kweEmanueri muEvpatoria.
Nehurombo, mwanakomana mudiki waMwana akafa kubva ku tuberculosis pamakore makumi maviri nemaviri. Mwanakomana wedangwe airarama hupenyu hwakazara-hwakazara, hwakava mubatsiri wehunhu hwakabudirira, akagadzira maitiro ematare okutora mifananidzo. Mukufanana, murume uyu aibatwa neshanduro.
Akanaka uye anoteerera muhunhu, Sameri Marshak mumakore akaoma ekudzvinyirira uye kushushwa kwebasa revanyori sezvo aigona kudzivirira vaaishanda navo. Usatya, mudetembi vakatendeuka dzakakwirira vanhu venyika NKVD, akaratidza achidzivirira mabasa I. A. Brodsky, A. I. Solzhenitsyn.
Kuyedza kwakamuka kupomerwa mhosva ye cosmopolitanism uye marshak. Mukuwedzera, runyerekupe rwakasimudza kuti kukwirira kabbalistic kwaive kwakanyorwa mundima dzevana. Kuva muJudha asinga zivikanwe, munyori akadzidza Talmud, pane ruzivo nezvekunyora nenhetembo dzeThezi dzeZionist, asi mumabhuku evana, zvechokwadi, hazvina kuwana kuratidzwa.
Rufu
Pakupera kwehupenyu hwake, munyori anoenda mapofu kubva kune cataract.Mudetembi huru yakasiiwa musi waChikunguru 4, 1964, achipona kusvika makore akare. Chikonzero cherufu chinozivikanwa sekutadza kwekutadza kwemoyo. Mazana eshamwari uye mafani ezvekusikwa akauya kuzotaura zvakanaka kuna Samueri yakovlevich. Guva romunyori riri pane iyo Novderevichy Cemetery.
BHAIBHERI
Vana Vevanyu Ngano:
- "Mwedzi Yevaviri"
- "Zvinhu Zvakangwara"
- "Katsi Imba"
- "Teremok"
- "Ngano yebenzi diki"
- "TELE PAMUSORO PAMUSORO PAMUSORO CHEMA"
- "Nei katsi yakanzi katsi"
- "Mhete jafar"
- "Mukadzi wekare, vhara musuwo!"
- "Zvikwereti"
- "Shiri yakadyiwa nei?"
- "Inakioed - mitsetse"
- "Kushanyira Mambokadzi"
- "TELA LEAT"
Dicactic inoshanda:
- "Moto"
- "Mail"
- "Hondo neDNipro"
Nhetembo:
- "Nyaya yegamba risingazivikanwe"
Anoshanda pamauto uye ezvematongerwo enyika nyaya:
- "Email Mauto"
- "Byl-Nesbylitsa"
- "Gore rose"
- "PAMUSORO PENYAYA"