Biography
Iro zita re stanislav lem rinozivikanwa kune mafani enhema. Mumwe wevamiriri vepasi rese epasi rese akanyora akanyora anenge mazana maviri emabasa, ayo anoshandurwa mumitauro 46, uye mabhuku anoverengerwa nemamiriyoni emakopi. Akaunza vaverengi neramangwana remangwana rakamirira vanhu mumukuru wehunhu hwehunhu uye kuneta nomuchina, nematambudziko ekutsvaga kutaurirana pamwe nehurongwa hwekuwedzera.Hudu uye Vechidiki
Mukuratidzwa kwake kweruzivo rwezvakanyorwa navo biology, munyori uye muzivi akazvidana amene chikwama, nekuti zvakanunurwa kubva kune zvishoma stanislav kune wese kutenderera. Lem akaberekwa munaSeptember 1921 mumhuri yachiremba, yakachengetedzwa zvakakwana nezviyero zvenguva iyoyo. Pakasvika makore mana, mukomana akatogona kuverenga nekunyora. Mhuri yaigara muLviv, yaimbove nePoland muridzi panguva iyoyo.
Iyo yechipiri dzidzo stanislav yakagashirwa mumitambo yekunyepedzera murume nemitambo yekunyepedzera, iyo yainzi zita remunyori wePoland uye weruzhinji rweKarol Shainha. Kuedza kupinda muPolytechnic Institute hakuna kuchengetedzwa nekubudirira, zvichienderana nekuRem pamusoro, nekuda kwekuva kwe "zvisiri izvo" zvisizvo "bhourgeois layer. Baba vane zvakabatana zvese zvakabatana uye vakasungira mwanakomana wega muyunivhesiti yekurapa.
Hondo Yenyika yechipiri payakatanga, ndaifanira kukanganwa nezvekudzidza, stanislav ndakagara kubasa muGarandi mechanic. Kupinda muGhetto, mhuri yechiJudha LEM yakachengetedzwa nemagwaro enhema. Kubva munzvimbo yebasa, Stanislav, maererano neIsrael Portals, tuskal inoputika, inopa kupokana kweanti-fascist.
Pakupera kwehondo, Lem, kwete kuda kuva vagari veSoviet, mumhando yekudzoreredza yakatamira kuKrakow. Pano, Lem Jr. ichiri kupedzisa dzidzo yekurapa mune yekare European Institution Institution - YaghelLon University. Nekudaro, kuti ugamuchire diploma yekupedza kudzidza Stanislav yakaramba, nekuti ini handina kuwana chero chinhu chinokwezva pabasa remuchiremba wemauto.
Mabhuku
Kufungidzira mukuratidzwa kweLem, maererano nevanotsvaga zvekusika kwemunyori, vakapukunyuka dzinza. Kana iwe wakatanga kuva netariro, iri nyore kunzwisisa kwehurumende "Maganellanovo gore" uye nyaya ye "Rat muLayrinth Bikes, yakasanganiswa mu" Star Diaries yeJoni Piche "kutenderera . Nyanzvi yesainzi inonakidza "Edheni" pane zvekushambadzira kwevashandi vepasi pepacecraft nezita rimwe chete uye harina kunzi rondedzero ye "yakaipisisa yenyika dzinogona".
Kunyora stanislav kwakatanga pabhenji remudzidzi. Basa rekutanga re "murume kubva kuMars" rakabudiswa mumabhuku idiki-inozivikanwa vhiki nevhiki "idzva reAdventures". Mushure mekubuda kwehurumende "nyeredzi", Lem yakava nemukurumbira zvechokwadi, kunyangwe munyori aive europi hwake nehasha hombe, uye achigogodza kodzero yake kune zvinyorwa zvitsva, vaparidzi vakapedza nguva yakawanda uye nerves.
Semunyori akasarudzika wesainzi wekunyepedzera nezve Stanislav Lem akataura mushure mekunge "kudzoka kubva kune nyeredzi". Hero guru rebhuku nderwezvakafanana akadzoka kubva mukubuda kwezana makore zana uye kukonzera budiriro pasina kupokana pasi pano.
Ivel "isingakundiki" yakazvipira kune iyo isiri-kokorodzano dzemarobhoti dzakadzidza kusangochinja, asi kufambira mberi. Vanotsvaga kubva pasi vanonzwisisa kuti hapana chikonzero chekurwisa mashini, sezvo vari chikamu chepasi, uye vanhu havana kodzero yekupindira muhupenyu hwakatangwa kwenguva refu.
Imwe nyaya yeLem - "Solaris" yakazvipira mukukurukurirana nevanhu veAlileteltual Pfungwa. Nyaya yeiyo iyo yekufunga kwegungwa boris strugatsky yakaendeswa kumabasa akanakisa emhando yepamusoro yeiyo genre. Iyo yechokwadi yaive hwaro hweiyo Iconic eponymous mufananidzo waAndrei Tarkovsky. Zvikasadaro, kutamba "iwe uripo, Mr. Jones?" - Andrzey Wiya akapfura comedy "puff pie", uye Peter Stein - iyo firimu "sandwich".
Kubva muna 1971 kusvika 1974, nyaya 16 dzakaburitswa dzakabatana mukuunganidza "kusakwana zvachose". Mariri, stanislav zvakanyatso kuratidza tarenda rekunyorova kwekunyorova, vachinyora ongororo dzeongororo dzezvekunyora kwemabasa asiri ezvekuita kwevanyori vekutanga.
Kudzidza, sekunge kupfupisa zviitiko zve stanislav lem, inoonekwa seyel "fiasco", rakabudiswa muna 1987. Shure kwake, saenzi yakamutswa kuti anyore nyaya uye anotungamira, akange asisiri kudzoserwa kumhando huru yekunyora.
Mukupera kwapera 90s, chinyorwa cheMogabit bhomba Bomb Esay sawakaona Nyika - Kuratidzwa kweLema nezve matekinoroji emakomputa panguva iyo pasina munhu akafunga nezve internet seyakazvimirira nhengo.
Hupenyu Hwako
MuJagellon University, Lem akasangana naBarbara Lesnik, uyo akadzidza ipapo pane radiologist. Mushure mezve matatu emumiriri uye akatenga makore, musikana akabvuma kuve mukadzi wake Stanislav. Sekureva kweMemoirs yemushanduri - Munyori Konstantin Mushandisi, Barbara akashanda kuPension, sezvo aisada kuti imirwisirwe chete sewawakaroora chete.
Muna 1968, mwanakomana akamirirwa kwenguva refu akaberekwa kubva musainzi. Tomas akadzidza kuYunivhesiti yeVienna, ipapo muUnited States, muPrinceton, vakatora bhizinesi rekuburitsa.
Pamusoro pePolish, Mechi uye Russian mitauro, Stanislav aive neChirungu, chiGerman neFrench. Nezve mabatiro paakamudzidzisa mitauro, Tomaschi anoudzwa mundangariro dzakapihwa se "Adventures kumashure kwesimba renyika."
Lem akanzwa kushaya simba kumotokari, wachi inogona kutaura pamusoro penyaya iyi. Mumwe munyori aida maswiti, akazodzora kudzora kweKrakowia Hotel, Khahva's Reserve uye marzipan muchoreti akachengetwa. Pakunakidzwa, futurologist erenga Herrich Senkevich, akateerera beethoven uye mitoro, akatarisa "Star Hondo" uye mupi.
Mukutanga kwa80s, Stanislav vaigara muVienna, nenzira yemari - pakukoka kwehukama hwevanyori veAustria. Chaizvoizvo, maererano neMwanakomana wesainzi, zvikonzero zvekubva vakazodzora, kuona kwekunyorerana, kusakwanisa kuzivana nezvibereko zvemabhuku epasi rose.
LEM yemhuri haina kusunungurwa, uye akamanikidzwa kudzoka. Stanislav akaunza mukadzi wake neMwanakomana wake muna 1983 uye aigara muVienna kwemakore mashanu. Kurarama kutengeserana kwekune dzimwe nyika, munyori aigona kutsvaga kukurudzirwa, kwemazuva akati wandei asina kubva mumba, asina hanya nekutaridzika, akarangarira Tomasi Lem.
Lem kutama hakuna kuramba kucherechedzwa muUSSR: vaparidzi vakaramba bhuku rekutumira kwe "futurological congress". Ivel nezve hupenyu hwerudzi rwevanhu pasi pesimba reHallucinogen muSoviet Union rakabudiswa chete mushure mekutanga kwekugadzirisa.
Rufu
Munyori wehunyanzvi hweuchenjeri "huwandu hwehunyanzvi" hwakapfuura hwehupenyu muna Kurume 2006 muKrakow's Carsiology Clinic.
Chikonzero chekufa chaStanislav chave nematambudziko emakiromita akaiswa pakatsanangurwa kumashure kwesimba reshuga, matambudziko neitsvo nemapapu emapapu. Anotenda kuna Mwari anopenya kuti mugumo akaramba akatendeka kwaari, achidana rufu nenzvimbo iyo munhu anoonekwa pachiedza - hapana.
BHAIBHERI
- 1951 - "Vazivi venyeredzi"
- 1955 - "MagoveLlanovo gore"
- 1959 - "Edheni"
- 1961 - "Solaris"
- 1964 - "Mhuka mbiri"
- 1964 - "Kunoita Kuti Nyika Yese Inzizi"
- 1971 - "Anank"
- 1971 - "Kusarongeka Kwese"
- 1976 - "ruber"
- 1976 - "Mask"
- 1980 - "Kutsamwiswa"
- 1982 - "Kuongorora Munzvimbo"
- 1983 - "Zvombo zvezana ramakumi maviri nerimwe, kana kushanduka-shanduka kumusoro"
- 1987 - "Fiasco"
- 1992 - "Riddle"
- 1999 - "Rwendo rwekupedzisira rweJomiyoni yekunyarara"
- 2006 - "Race Frattniki"