Biography
Raisa Maksimovna gorbachna gorbachen akarangarirwa kwete chete semukadzi wekutanga wenyika uye mukadzi wemutungamiri weSoviet Union. Mukadzi uyu akawana simba rekuita zviitiko zvakanyanya zvinobatsira, uye rake rebasa, uye hupenyu hwemhuri, hwaive, nekuda kwekutanga kweMurume wake, zvaive zvizere pamapfudzi ake.Panguva yese yehutungamiri, Mikhail Gorbachev uye kunyange gare gare, Risa Gorbacheva akakurukurwa, asi zvakachengeteka kupokana kuti mukadzi uyu ane nzvimbo yakaoma yebhajuzi akasiyaniswa nehunhu hwakaoma uye hwakajeka.
Hudu uye Vechidiki
Muroora wemangwana akaberekwa musi waJanuary 5 (Capricorn pane chiratidzo che zodiac) ya 1932 muguta reBRTSOVSK (Turtai nzvimbo). Baba vaRaisa Maximalovna nerudzi aive muUkraine, muAkiniV Province, amai vakura Siberian. Vana vatatu vakakura mumhuri: zvishoma Raisa aive nemunin'ina uye mukoma. Sista Lydmila, muwanano yakatora zita rekupedzisira Aiyukasha, akashanda sachiremba-oculist. Hama Evgeny Titaterenko vakava munyori.
Nekuda kwesimba raBaba (akashanda seinjiniya paruchinjiro) mhuri yeTitaterenko zita remusikana zita reRaisa gorbacheva - vanowanzotama. Ivo vaigara vasingararami, saka Raisa kubva pazera rekutanga akanzwisiswa: Zvinokosha kudzidza zvakanaka uye kugamuchira basa rekubatsira vabereki. Pfungwa idzi dziri mumwanasikana dzakatsigira amai, avo vaaive vasingakwanisi kuwana dzidzo.
Muna 1949, musikana akapedza chikoro nekukudzwa ndokuenda kuMoscow. Mujaya hwake, muguta guru reRaisa Maksimovna, ini ndakanyoresa zviri nyore muMoscow State University inonzi Mikhail Lomonosov, kusarudza chimiro chehunyanzvi. Uye muna 1955, atova mukadzi wake Gorbachev, mushure mekunge mumwe wake aendeswa ku stavropopol kugovera.
Basa
Mu stavropol, Raisa Maksimovna akawana basa remufundisi munharaunda ye "zivo", uye akadzidzisawo uzivi mumasangano ekurapa uye ekurima. Mukufanana, ramangwana rekutanga mukadzi raiita sainzi: akadzidziswa Sociology uye akaronga kutsvagisa kwayo munzvimbo ino.Kushanda nesimba kwakadaro kwaisave pasina: Muna 1967 gorbachev akadzivirira iyo yekunyora paMacoliology, yakavakirwa pane zvidzidzo pamusoro pazvo Raisa Maksimovna Ndakashanda mu StavRop Standory.
Muna 1978, mukadzi nemurume wake akadzokera kuguta guru, kwaakabvisa mudzidzisi muMoscow Yunivhesiti uye akaramba achizivikanwa muBazi reMoscow revanhu "zivo". Uye makore mashoma gare gare, muna 1985, Raisa Maksimovna akatanga kuperekedza mukadzi (panguva iyoyo atove kare muCC Secretary) mune ese ebhizinesi nzendo uye nzendo dzepamutemo.
Zvakakosha kucherechedza kuti kuitira kuti nguva iyoyo yemutungamiri wemutungamiriri waive kusaziva: Shamwari dzepamoyo dzevadzidzi uye vezvematongerwo enyika vaigara vachichengetwa mumumvuri, kazhinji hapana munhu, kazhinji hapana aiziva mazita avo , uye mapikicha evakadzi ava haana kuzombowira mumuchina wenguva iyoyo. Asi havana kudaro Raisa Maksimovna, avo vaiona basa rake kuti vatsigire murume wake mune zvese uye vanogara vari pedyo naye.
Zvinoshamisa kuti, asi kunze kwenyika, chiumbwa chake chakasangana nekunzwira tsitsi zvakanyanya uye kufarira, pane munyika yavo yekuzvarwa. Imwe yemagazini yeBritish yainzi Gorbachev "baba." Asi muSoviet Union, zvaiwanzotongerwa naye. Zvakatendwa kuti mukadzi anodikamwa uye aivenga "akatungamira" nyika kubudikidza nemurume wake, iyo yakazotamba basa rekudonha kweUSSR. Vazhinji vanowanzozviona seiri mumiririri weUS.
Kuwedzera pakubatsira murume / mukadzi, mukadzi uyu aigara achiratidza rudo, achifunga nezve mutoro wakananga wemukadzi wekutanga. Pasi pehutungamiri hwevakadzi, Mikhail Sergeevich akashanda homwe yekubatsirwa kwevana vaChernobyl; Mukuwedzera, Raisa Maksimovna akananga akananga mumabasa ezvehurumende epasi rose ekutsigira kwevarwere vadiki, varwere vane leukemia.
Usakanganwe Gorbachev uye nezvechinyorwa chekutanga kwechisikwa cheSovieth Fund, nekutsigirwa kweiyo Museum yeMarina, iyo Museum yeRoerich, iyo Museum yemhuri yeBenoit . Mukuwedzera, Raisa Maksimovna awana kudzoreredzwa kweakawanda midziyo yezvivakwa nezvivakwa zvekereke.
Pakabuda Mikhail Sergevich Special post, mukadzi wekutanga wekutanga akabatsira murume wake kunyora mabhuku nekutarisa ruzivo rwechiratidzo uye chokwadi chinodiwa. Zvakare, pamwe nemudzimai wake, Lada akavhura gorbachef-fund-fundo, iyo yaiita maneja uye masayendisiti ezvematongerwo enyika. Muna 1991, mukadzi akanyora autobiography uyo akadaidza kuti "Ndinovimba ...".
Muna 1997, Gorbachev akatanga kuwanda kwaSalanvna Raisa Club, iyo inosanganisira vamiriri vechiyenzi uye tsika dzechikadzi. Kirabhu iyi yakabatsira vanhu vasina kudzivirirwa munharaunda: Vanamai vakasurukirwa, vanachiremba vemudunhu uye vadzidzisi, nherera.
Chimiro uye fashoni
Kubva pakuonekwa kwekutanga mumisangano yeruzhinji newawakaroorana naye, kunyangwe pamberi peMikhail Sergeevich vakatora chinzvimbo cheMunyori Zvinyorwa, Raisa Maksimovna akaratidzira kunatswa, kusarudzika mukusarudzwa kwehembe. Nekudaro, muhafu yekutanga ye80s, ramangwana rekutanga mukadzi weSoviet Union akabvumira zvimwe zvikanganiso mukusarudzwa kwekubuda kwevatakuri kunze, izvo zvinobva zvanyatsotsauswa neWestern Press.
Saka, muna 1984, kwenguva yekutanga kuve nemurume wake muUK pakukoka kweThe Margaret Thatcher, Raisa Maksimovna chaizvo akachinja majasi akasiyana mazuva ese. Uye imwe yemanheru emanheru maitiro, mukadzi uyu akauya akapfeka zvipfeko zvekurova mune enhema neshangu dzegoridhe. Mangwana acho, mapepanhau eBritish akagoverwa kune zvinyorwa nemapikicha achipupurira kutyora kodhi yekupfeka.
Mushure meizvozvo, chimiro cheGorbacheva chakadzorwa zvakanyanya, asi havana kurambidza kunatswa. Chikuru chinoshamisa chidiki uye chidiki chidiki, chisinganzwisisike kugadzira, kushungurudza kwakasarudzika naRaisa mawimaimi kubva kune vamwe shamwari dzeSoviet. Izvo zvinozivikanwa kuti mazhinji ezvipfeko zvevakadzi kubatwa nemabhiriji ekuputika. Zvezvake, Mikhail Sergeyevich mukadzi waVashanu Vashanu vagadziri pamhepo Models vakasarudza Tamar Masaev, vakasika madhiri ane mukurumbira wevakadzi vekutanga.
Munguva pfupi iri kutevera mukadzi wemubatanidzwa wezvematongerwo enyika akakurumbira akawira kumadokero. Kunyanya kweRaa, Maximovna akaratidza ruvara rweEuropean weEuropean weEuropean - Yves Saint-Laurent uye Pierre Cardin. Mune memoirs, mugumo akabvuma kuti, achionga kuravira kwemukadzi werunyoro weSoviet zvakanyanya, aida kupa muunganidzwa mutsva, asi mukadzi wacho akatora sutu chete uye jasi rakachena kubva kwaari.
Pamberi peGorbacheva, pakanga paine basa rakaoma - panguva dzekutumira nhaka uye "misangano isina hukama" hapana kana munhu akawedzera kushomeka evatungamiriri venyika dzekuMadokero. Kunyanya kukosha kwaive nemusangano naNancy Reagan panguva yekushanya kwemutungamiriri webato muUnited States mukati mehondo inotonhora. Aimbove aimbova Hollywood mutambi akaitisa kutonhora kuna Raisa maimov, achiwana hunhu hweichi chakaoma, uye huwandu hwedzidzo hwakakwira.
Zvakangodaro, maererano nechimiro, mukadzi weSoviet airatidzika seakakodzera, kusarudzwa kwechipfeko, zvishandiso, shangu dzakazove dzisinganyadziswe. Gare gare, thanputa yaive nemienzaniso kubva kumusangano kuVienna muna 1961 vatungamiriri vemasimba maviri uye "vanhu vePetrovna ruva ". Zvaiita sekuti Raisa Maksimovna, runako rwekunaka uye chimiro chenyama, akadzorerwa "mukurumbira" wevamwe veSoviet zvakavanzika mumaziso eWest.
Hupenyu Hwako
Hupenyu hwomunhu oga hwemukadzi wemutungamiri wekutanga weUSSR hwakatanga kuwirirana uye nemufaro. Nechirangaruro yemutauro weRaisa (saka Titarenko) akasangana neyunivhesiti - Akadzidza kuThe Kakanaka. Kubva ipapo, Mikhail Sergeevich uye Raisa Maksimovna haina chikamu. Muchato waDhidhi akapasi zvine mwero: Vadzidzi vakangosiya mari yemhemberero dzakanaka.Muna 1957, mwanasikana weHorbachev akaberekwa (muwanano - Virganskaya). Musikana uyu akagamuchira dzidzo yekurapa uye akazova vice-purezidhendi weGorbachev-Fund, Yakatangwa nevabereki vake.
Rufu
Mukutanga kwa1999, hutano hwaRahisa magwaro akatanga kukundikana. MunaJuly, nyanzvi dzeRamna hematology Institute yakawanikwa muGorbacheva Leukemia. Zvikonzero zvekubuda kweiyo aimbova secretary mukuru wehukama hwechirwere cheeropa, vanachiremba vanonzi nguva dzose kunetseka, matambudziko kubva kune zvimwe zvirwere zvisingaperi. Zvakare pakati pavo vakafungidzira mhedzisiro yekuratidzwa kweradiation yakawanikwa nemukadzi wekutanga munguva yerwendo rwekuenda kuNyukireya Simba Simba muChernobyl tsaona inotyisa.
Vanachiremba vakanaka kwazvo veRussia neGerman vakabatana nekubata kwemukadzi. Mazuva mashoma gare gare, mushure mekuzivisa kwekuongororwa, gorbachev akatakurwa kuMünster, kuenda kukiriniki yeGerman. Ikoko, kwemwedzi miviri, vanachiremba veGerman vakarwa nehupenyu hwe Risa maximovna, anoponesa kubva kukenza. Zvairongwa kuti aite pfupa remuranda, iye anochazova Sista Lydmila Titarrenko.
Nekudaro, iyo nyika yeGorbacheva yakangoerekana yaderera kwazvo, uye kuvhiya kwacho kwakasiiwa. Uye musi waSeptember 20, 1999, Risa Maximovna haana. Chikonzero cherufu, vanachiremba vanonzi chirwere chechechi, icho chaisakwanisa kurapwa. Mukadzi wekutanga wekutanga aive nemakore makumi matanhatu nemashanu.
Mariro eGorbacheva, zvaitika munaGunyana 23, vakaunganidza zviuru zvevanhu vakauya kuzotaura zvakanaka kumukadzi uyu akasimba. Pakati pavo pakanga paine Vladimir Putin, Naina Yeltsin, Helmut Kohl nevamwe vezvematongerwo enyika uye veruzhinji. Guva raRaisa Maximalovna riri paMoscow Novderevichy Cemetery. Kwapera gore, chigadziko chakagadzwa munzvimbo ino. Kusvikira zvino, vanhu vanounza maruva kuguva.
Ndangariro
- Muna 2006, iyo International Raisa Gorbachacheva Nziyo Dzenyika Dzose dzakagadzirwa muLondon, dzakagadzirirwa mapurojekiti emari zvakanangana nekurwisa Jankemia yeRukemia yejenani nekenza.
- Iro zita raR. M. Gorbacheva anonzi iyo Institute of Vana Hematology uye kutapurirana muSt. Petersburg.
- Musi waJune 16, 2009, Mikhail Gorbachev akaburitsa diski ye "nziyo dzeRaisa", zvakatsaurirwa kumakore gumi ekufa kweRaaxvna.
- Muna 2012, girimu rezvinyorwa "rudo uye simba reRaisa gorbacheva" rakaburitswa nezviratidzo, kutaurira nezve hupenyu hweaimbove wekutanga mukadzi wekutanga weMubatanidzwa.