Biography
Vanyori venhoroondo vanoshevedza Takhtamysh yekupedzisira khan yeimwe horde. Pashure pokunge mamay-tatars yakakunda chinzvimbo cheMongol-tatars, mutongi akaunganidza nyika yakapararira yeNyika inonzi Jucheiyev Ulus. Maererano nezvitupa zvakachengetedzwa, Tukhtamyh hasha dzakatsetseka, uyo akabatsira murume kuti abudise mumusoro weiyo horde yemakore makumi maviri nemashanu.Hudu uye Vechidiki
Zuva rekuzvarwa kwetemberi Khan Golden Horde harizivikanwe, asi pedigree yemusoja akakurumbira anoteedzerwa zviri nyore. THHHTMYYSH akaberekerwa muTuy-Khoji mhuri - mwanakomana waJuccihama, uye muzukuru waGenghi-khan. Mhuri yakazvarwa yaive yedzinza rairo, asi rakanga risina simba rakakura mumhuri.
Muna 1364, Tuy-Khoji, Mutongi wepamutemo weMangysHlak Peninsula, anouraya hama yepedyo. Chikonzero chekurwisana ndechekusazvibata kwaBaba Tokhtamysh kutora chikamu mumushandirapamwe usina kukodzera kuimba. Bhodhi re peninsula rinoenderera kuhama dzeramangwana Khan. Jaya, mukuedza kupukunyuka kubva kuhukama rinogona kuitika, rinopwanya kakawanda kubva kune yake horde.
Nekudaro, achiri kuyaruka anogara achidzoka kumba kuti arege kutadza kudzora mutongi mudiki wepamutemo weeninsula. Tukhtamysh, uyo asingadi kutsungirira kwakadaro, muna 1375 anomhanya achitora Timur (mutongi wenyika dzakavakidzana) uye anokumbira kuzvidzivirira kwemurume.
Kuedza kuhama dzidzozve kudzoka zvakare Tokhtamysem yakapera mukutadza. Timaur haana kupa jaya uye rakatopa murume wechidiki aine uto diki. Kupesana nemhedzisiro yehondo dzinogara dzichirarama, uya anofa, uye Takhtamysh akazivisa mutongi wepamutemo weMangyshlaka. Asi iyi nguva haina kukodzera aristocracy yemuno.
Kudzoka kumba nekukunda, Torkhan anoona kuti chigaro cheushe chakabatikana. Panguva ino muvengi wejaya racho akava Rarur-melek-Oblan. Mutongi mutsva akareba akagara pachigaro. Vanhu vakareruka vasina kukodzera hurumende yakagadzwa naMambo Aristocrats ari kufonera Tokhtamyshsh back. Uye jaya racho harina kufunga kusiya nzvimbo yepamutemo.
Kukunda uye bhodhi
Muna1378, ikaita chinzvimbo chitsva, Tukhtamysh anobuda mumushandirapamwe wemauto. Chinangwa chekutanga cheMutongi wechidiki uyu yaive dunhu revaVolga uye ndima iyo mauy mitemo. Kubatwa kwakapfuura nekukurumidza uye pasina kurasikirwa kukuru. Pakazosvika nguva yekuonekwa kweTokhtamysh, Mamai yakatopererwa simba pamusoro pevanotarisana navo vakafara kugamuchira New Khan. Pashure pemakore maviri, Hondo yose yendarama yakawira pasi peimba yeVaduku.
Mugore rimwe chetero, New Vladuka anotumira nhume kumachinda eRussia. Vakajaira kushanduka nguva dzose kweanorpers, Vabati veRusi vakaziva Takhtamysh, asi vakarega kubhadhara mutero. Pashure pokukunda muKulikov Hondo, zviremera hazvina kuoneka horde sekutyisidzira.
Kuti aratidze simba rako pachako, Tukhtamysh anoenda kuMoscow pachangu. Vari munzira, Khan anopa varwi vekubira uye kusunungura misangano yese. Panguva imwecheteyo, iyo huru yakasungirirwa yakafamba neRus Thai.
Nekudaro, munguva pfupi, munguva pfupi iri kuuya Domskoy Donskoy naAndrei vakashinga vakadzidza nezve nzira yemauto eTatar-Mongolia. Machinda akamhanya nekukurumidza kuti atore mauto, asi haana nguva. Moscow akaramba asina kudzivirirwa, kuvhunduka kwakatanga muguta.
Mazuva matatu ekukwira haana kuunza mhedzisiro, saka Khann akafunga kuenda kune hunyengeri. Kunzwisisa kuvhiringidzika kwevanhu, Mutongi weGoridhe Horde akavimbisa kuti zvese kana Moscow anovhura suwo. Vanhu vakatenda. Mushure mekuvhurwa kwegedhi, mauto eTatar-mongol akaparadza uye akapiswa zvishoma.
Kudzokera kuSarai, Torkhysh akatanga kugadzirisa hukama neyekare kujairana - Khan Timur. Vanopa mazano akavhunduka nesimba remuvakidzani rakapihwa kubatanidza nyika itsva kuHorde. Zviito zvehondo zvechiuto zvakaratidza kuti masimba ematambudziko maviri akaenzana, asi muhondo inosarudza yeRudurchi river Tukithamys akakundwa.
Kukundwa kwechipiri kubva kuTimur, uyo akafunga nezvekudzoreredza kwehorde, kwakaitika munguva yechando ye1395. Iko kurasikirwa kwakakomba zvekuti Takhtamysh kwaifanira kumhanyira kuguta reBulgar (parizvino guta riri muTatarstan).
Mugore rimwe chetero, iyo nyika yakabatana tukhtamyh zvakare yakarasikirwa nenzvimbo yakabatana. Goridhe Horde yakakamurwa muhondo dzepindana. Asi pakarepo Breatrey pa akadzoka, ruzhinji rwevanyoreri kuti chigaro choushe chakanyangarika. Kupikisa kwaingova chete nguva yekucheka nguva. Emir yakabatana naye, yakabatana nemuchato Uzami nemwanasikana waHaktamyshi.
Kuedza kudzinga Timura-kutgut kubva mundima yehorde yakapera nekukunda. Han anosiya vanhu nemhuri zvakare. Panguva ino murume anokumbira kumachira kubva kuLithuani mutongi weVitovt. Kukunda kwaTimur kwakakundwa kunotumirwa kune inotevera uye kunoda kuburitswa kwemuvengi kubva kuLithuania.
Kuziva kuti ndiko kukwidziridzwa kwayo (nzvimbo uye kuwanda), vitovt kuramba kusvika kune wechidiki wechigaro chechigaro chechigadziri. Asi nekufamba kwenguva, takasangana kuti tigone kuenzanisa mikana, tichiunza uto rakakura pamwe naye.
Hondo yeTatars uye Lithuanians yakapera nekukunda kweiyo yekupedzisira. THHHTMYYS ine nguva yekumhanya uye inodzokera kune yake yekuzvarwa. Nekudaro, kusangana kweKhanan naEmir kunogara makore mashoma. Muzvakazara, varume vakapinda pakukasira kagumi nemashanu.
Hupenyu Hwako
Mukadzi wekutanga wehondo huru aive musikana anonzi Tai-Bick. Mukadzi akazvara mukadzi wake evana vashanu: vanakomana vatatu nevanasikana vaviri. Mumwe wevasikana uye aimbova chikonzero nei Takhtamyshi akauraya mumwe wake.
Janka Hanech, akadaidzwa kuti musikana uyu, asvika vazhinji, akaroora mutsigiri wevanotsigira nababa vake. Asi panguva yekurwiswa kwemauto neTimur, murume waJanki akatendeuka kubva pamuedzo. Tukthitamy yeTukthyh yakatsiva nehasha pane mumwe mukadzi, abvisa mukadzi wehupenyu.
Munyori wenhoroondo A. P. Grigoriev zvinopa kuti Tulunbeck Khanum yakaverengerwa muhuwandu hwevakadzi veGreat Khan. Mushure mekukunda pamusoro paMama Tokhtamyh, akaunganidza kondo yekare Khan. Kuti uchengetedze chinzvimbo chako, murume anowana chirikadzi.
Muna 1386, Tulunbek Khanamu akafawo nemurume wake. Tukhtamyshi akafungidzira mukadzi achiwirirana nevavengi, saka akabvisa mukadzi / mukadzi wake, asina kuwana chokwadi chekufungidzira. Asi pane vhezheni yekuti mukadzi akaiswa pamubhadharo werufu nekuda kwekutengeswa kwemurume mukuru.
Mazita emumwe vakadzi vaviri veKhan Goridhe Horde vanozivikanwa: Shuukr-Bika-Ehe uye Urun-Bick. Yekutanga yaive neukama naAmir Arse uye vakabereka Tokhtyh mwanasikana Bakhti-Bick-Hanech. Yechipiri haina kugona kuzvirumbidza nehama dzakapfuma, asi iye ndokubereka vanakomana vaviri nemwanasikana.
Zvino vazukuru vavanakomana vaTokitamyshi vanokakavara nharo pakati pevanoongorora. Shanduro yakagoverwa kuti, pamwe chete nevana vanobva kumurongo, Kreh Khan akazova baba 13, uye vadyi venhaka vakazvarwa kubva kuvakadzi vepamoyo. Asi mwanakomana womutongi, akati Ahmet, akazvarwa kubva kune mumwe wevakadzi vake mushure mekufa kweTokitamyshi. Naizvozvo, baba vaKhan vanokonzera kusava nechokwadi, nekuti zuva chairo rekutaridzika kwemwana hazvizivikanwe.
Rufu
Hupenyu hweKhango yegoridhe horde yakagurwa muna 1405 pedyo neTyumen. Mumwe murume akapedza makore mashoma apfuura muhondo aine maziso akagamuchira ruzivo rwenhema nezverufu rwemuvengi. Pasina hupenyu hwekutya, Torkwair akaenderera mberi nerwendo usingadzivirirwe naye.
Tempecia, pamwe chete neGenhisidhi, Chop uye kuvharirwa kwevarwi vanorwisa Khan kamwe kamwe. Vavengi vakaputsa nzira yemurume uyu kuti vadzokere. Khan akanzwisisa akanonoka kuti akatanga kumadokero, uye haana kugona kuvanza. Pasinei nekugona kuri pachena, Tukhtamyshi vakapinda muhondo uye nguva yakareba yakanga ichirwa kubva kune varidzi. Asi maronda mazhinji akarega murume asingade kupa tsitsi kumuvengi wemuvengi, uye haana kubva kuHatmysha mukana wekutiza.
Ndangariro
Mumabhuku:
- THHTMYYS uye Timur, Kukundikana Ibity
- "Rush kubva kuTokhtamysh. Akabviswa Moscow, "Viktor Vorotnikov
- "Muchinda wedu naKhan", Mikhal Weller
- "Label Takhtamysha Khan kusvika Yalang", Ilya Berezin
- "Nguva yekugadzira. Yekutanga zvinyorwa ", boris akanin
Ku cinema:
- 2007 - "Russian State nhoroondo" (Series 117)
- 2015 - "Kutonga kweMoscow muna 1382" Vhidhiyo Yevhidhiyo S. Volkov