Biography
Mutongi Tutankhamoni akakurumbira nekuda kwekuti akadzima shanduko dzeMutongi wapfuura weMutongi wekare. Asi kuvhurwa kwemakuva ake kwave chiitiko chinoshamisa zvechokwadi munhoroondo yekuchera matongo uye yakazarura chidzitiro chechakavanzika chechipfuva chake. Nhasi, Tutankhamoni anoonekwa semumwe wemavara anozivikanwa kwazvo ebudiriro yekare yekare.Hupenyu uye Nhoroondo yeBhodhi
Tutankactor Shauunushchea Nechroprere - Farao weEjipitori echiJodhi kubva kuoma 18 weumambo hwenyu, hwaitongwa muna 1332-1323 kuguva yedu. Akarererwa noMweya weCustomer wezuva reAnoni, asi mushure mekudzimwa kwake kwakatora zita rekuti Tutankhamam.
Zvinotendwa kuti Iye ndiye Farao wekupedzisira wedzinza, iro rine kutaurirana nehama. Sezvo pakanga pasina ruzivo rwakakwana pamusoro pekutanga, egyptologists vanoisa kumberi miviri hypototheses. Vamwe vanofunga kuti Tutankon aive mwanakomana waEhnatonon kubva kumukadzi wechipiri Kie. Uye vamwe kuti mwanakomana waAnhosphioni ii nemunun'una weEhnatoni.
Tutankhamoni achaenda kuumambo hwechigaro nemukomana mudiki, ane makore 8-9. Pasi pechokwadi, bhodhi rakapfuura kune vaviri vadzidzisi uye marekodha - AEEE uye Hororheebu. Yokutanga yaionekwa seyakanyanya kutsoropodzwa, asi pasi peTankhamoni yakava mupristi weAmoni. Wechipiri aive muhondo, haana kugutsikana nenyaya yekuti, nekuda kwehunhu hwePatribist, Enhaton Egypt yakarasikirwa neMediterranean.
Pakutanga, AEEE uye HOBEBILB yaionekwa seiri shamwari dzeEhnaton. Asi mushure mekufa kwekare Farao, dzidziso dzese dzakatengeswa naAnathema, ndiko kuti, vakaedza kutsakatika. Makurukota aFarao Ehnaton akaparadzwa uye akatengeswa fungidziro. Pasinei nenyaya yekuti pasi peTutankhamoni, guta racho rinodzoserwa kumucheka, maererano nekuti kuti Farao akabata ruzhinji rwehurumende kuMemphis.
Tutankhammon akaroora Anhosenpaton, vanasikana veEhnaton, aine makore gumi nematatu. Nekuda kweizvozvo, kwaive nemukwasha womutongi. Kuti zvikonzero zvipi zvakaita kuti mubatanidzwa usingazivikanwe, pamwe nehukama hwavo. Gare gare, mukadzi wacho akatsiva mugumo wezita rake uye akatanga kunzi Aninhudanamu, zvinoreva kuti "hupenyu hwake ndehwe Amoni."
Munguva yekutonga kwaTutankhamoni, dzimwe shanduko dzakaitika. Kune rumutsiriro rwetsika dzeiyo tsika yeIjipita uye kudzoka kweFVANA kurapwa kudzora nyika. Vanotera kubva kumauto uye epakati matanda emubati apfuura chengetedza kwavo pesvedzero pazvinhu zveHurumende. Saka, vapristi uye nemauto vanowirirana zvakanyanya nedare.
NaTutankhamoni, kudzoreredzwa kwekutsveneswa kwakasiiwa kwevamwari vapfuura vese muIjipita uye muKosha. Semuenzaniso, tembere dziri mubako uye faras.
Mushure mekudzoreredzwa kwechitendero chekare, Tutankhamoni haana kumanikidza chinamato cheAtoni. Panagumi nenomwe rekutonga kwaFaraeri temberi yezuva vachiri kuodza minda yemizambiringa. Kudhirowa kwezuva neEhnaton kuchengetedzwa kwakabvumidzwa, uye zvakanyorwa mumutongi dzimwe nguva anozvidaidza kuti "Mwanakomana Aitoni."
Pamusoro pebasa rekudzoreredza, pamirairo yaFarao mune temberi yeLuxor, achipedza iyo yekugadzirisa colonnade yakapera. Zvakare, nekuda kwekuTutankhamoni, tembere yaKhoron yakavakwa muGiza, uye muNibii - yakafara kubva kuna Amenhotep iii temberi dzakapera.
Rufu
Mushure megumi nenomwe yehurumende yehurumende, Farao weHumambo mutsva akafa pazera diki, achienzaniswa nevamwe - mumakore gumi nemasere kana 19 kana 19 kana 19 kana 19 kana 19 kana 19 makore. Kufa kwakadaro kwekutanga kwaifungidzirwa zvisiri zvezvisikigo, isa fungidziro yekuti mutongi akaurayiwa. Asi Tutankhamon akafa, anokanganiswa nechirwere.
Vanyori venhoroondo vanoti Farao akawa kubva mungoro uye akafa nekupokana - gumbo rakavhurika remagetsi. Musi waKurume 8, 2005, Egyptologist Caakhi Havs, uyo akaendesa kutsvagudza, mhedzisiro yeongororo yemammy yakaziviswa. Pakanga pasina zvinongedzo zvekukuvara kwekutadza, uye pakanga pasina chinomhanyisa mu dehenya - mhedzisiro yezviito zvevapristi - paraschitis. Mhedzisiro yekudzidza yakanatswa uye yakanyanya scliosis.
Skhull Farao akareba, iyo inosimbisa hukama neEnhaton uye inopesana nemhedziso pamusoro pekuvapo kwemarfan's syndrome. Mushure mekuita misangano nevatinoshanda navo kubva kune dzimwe nyika, vaongorori vakasvika pakufunga kuti chikonzero cherufu rweTutankhammon ndeyekuenderera mberi kweboka racho nekuda kwekupwanya. Seuchapupu hwakanyanya kukuvadzwa kune iyo yakasara yechikadzi pfupa. Zvaigara zvichitendwa kuti urema uhwu hwakabatana nekukwikwidza kwehurumende kwevatori vechikamu vekubuda, izvo zvavakawana guva.
Kuvhura makuva
Tutankhamon's guva (KV62 chinhu) iri mu "mupata wemadzimambo", pedyo neFIV. Iyi ndiyo chete inguva dzose guva, iyo yasvika iyo masayendisiti aripo muchimiro chayo chepakutanga, kunyangwe kuedza kwevaviri vaviri kuvhura nevanobatsira.
Kuvigwa kwakawanikwa muna 1922 nevaviri vatsvagiri vechirungu - Howard Carter naIshe Carnarvon. Kune vanheri venhaueri, Tutankhamoni akaramba asingazivikanwe uye sekondari hunhu, kusvika pakuwanikwa kweguva.
Uyezve, vamwe vaitenda kuti Tutankhamon yakanga isiri zvachose. Naizvozvo, kuvhurwa kweguva rake ndiko kuve mukurusa mukuchera kwe archaology. Chokwadi, panguva yekutonga, Tutankhamoni haana kuita chero chinhu chakatanhamara, kunze kwekusiiwa kweAnonism.
Mukutanga kwaNovember 1922, musuwo weguva wacho wakacheneswa, kudhinda pamasuo kwakaramba. Chokwadi ichi chakaiswa muhutano vanochera matongo tariro yekuita ruzhinji kuvhura kwezana ramakore. Vaviri vatsvagiri vakazarura guva raive nemukana wekuburukira kwaari.
Pakati pemidziyo nezvinhu zvinovigwa pamwe nemutongi, pfuma chaiyo yakawanikwa - zvinhu zvehunyanzvi zvinotakura simba remubviro. Ipapo guva raFarao rave rinonyanya kufadza, uye kuwanikwa kwawo kwakaita zita reTutankhammon.
Muguva yakawana zvishongo zvikuru neSarcofagus neMumia Farao. Goridhe mugedhi weGoldies yakanyatsochengetedzwa. Nhasi, ndiko kukosha kukuru kweCairo Museum, kwaunogona kuita mufananidzo nenyaya iyi yekare. Masiki eIjipita anosanganisira nekuremekedza kwazvo.
Kana vari vana vemubati, vammy of vakunda vaviri vake vakawanikwa vari muguva reTutankhamoni, vakafa vachiri vacheche. Dzimwe nyanzvi dzinofunga kuti vana vakazvarwa kare vakafa. Iko hakuna ruzivo nezvevamwe vagari venhaka yaFarao. Rufu rwevana runonyanya kukosha mhedzisiro yeropa kwenguva yakareba, icho chaive chakakonzera kutsakatika kwedzinza.
Ngano uye kutuka
Mufananidzo unozivikanwa maererano nerufu rwevatori vechikamu vekupedzisira ndiko kuvapo kwefungul uye hutachiona muguva. Kufukurwa kwakatsigirwa naShe George Karnarvon, vakafa musi waApril 5, 1923 kuCairo Hotel Continental. Muongorori airwara nekuzvimba kwemapapu. Asi varevereri vakangofunga kufa uku kunokanganisa. Vamwe vamiririri vemuchina vakati kuKarnarvon vakafa nekuda kwe "hutachiona hweropa kubva mukukuvara kweiyo razor" kana "kusinganzwisisike kuruma kwehumhutu."
Kupfuurirazve, vatori venhau vanowanzopisa runyerekupe rwakabatana ne "kutuka kwaFarao". Zvinonzi zvakakonzera kufa kwevaunowanikwa veguva. Paive nevakwirwa 22 "vakakuvadzwa" navo, 13 chavo vakapinda nekuvhura kuvigwa.
Nekudaro, izvo chokwadi chinoratidza kuti "humbowo" hwakave hwakarongeka kuti uwane kunzwa. Vazhinji vaongorori vanobva kuCarter timu vakasvika pazera rakapfuura. Iye akazvibvisa iye akafa kwekupedzisira kwechikwata paakanga aine makore makumi matanhatu nematanhatu.
Ndangariro
Mumabhuku emhizha
- Iyo PerIPetia yekushandurwa kwesimba kubva kuEhnaton kuHoramechek inotsanangurwa muThe Trioy International "Dutu reNele".
- Mubhuku racho "mumvuri waFarao" weMunyori weSantiago Morata Tutankhammon kusuwa murudo naKe Sthertiti.
- Gamba guru reNove of Dmitry Merezhkovsky "kuberekwa kwevamwari. Tutankamon paKrete. "
- MoiseEva Clara. "Mwanasikana weEhnaton"
Mu cinema
- Iyo Canadian-American mini-yakatevedzana mafirimu matatu "pano" (2015) maererano nehupenyu hwemuFarao weIjipfu Tutankhamoni. Basa raFarao rweazi rakazadzisa mutambi Evan Jogia.
- Nhoroondo yekushandira pamwe neEgyptologist Howard Howard Carnarvon, uyo akatungamira pakuvhurwa kweguva reTembera, rakanga rakavakirwa pachiitiko cheMini-Series Tutanhamon (2016).
- Nyaya yeguva reTombkhammon inotaurwa mune yekutanga nhevedzano ye "Makoronike echidiki echidiki Indiana Jones".
- Ravira / Tutankhamchik - Katuni nezvaFarao.