Jan Vermeer - Biography, Mufananidzo, Hupenyu Hwako, Pendi, Rufu

Biography

Jan Vermeer iine tarenda neterrandland muimbi, ane hupenyu, sekugadzira, rakakomberedzwa nekufungidzira uye kufungidzira. Chokwadi ndechekuti mukati mehupenyu hweVermeer, uyezve nguva imwe nguva mushure mekufa kwake, vatenzi havana kukonzera kufarira kwakajeka, kunyangwe ivo vakatenga nekukurumidza. Vazhinji vanotonhora vakatorasika. Zvisinei, mushure menguva yakati, kutariswa kwevanyori vezvakaitika munyori wenhoroondo

Hudu uye Vechidiki

Riddles anoonekwa zvakananga kubva pakutanga kweiyo biography yaJan vermeer Delft. Iyo yekupedzisira zita rekuti, muimbi akagamuchira nzvimbo yekuzvidzwa kwekuzvidzwa - iro guta reDelft. Iyo vermeer yakabva kupi (uye muimbi akazvarwa muna Gumiguru, 1632), hazvizivikanwe kune vamwe, asi ruzivo rwacho rwakachengetedzwa kuti vabereki vakabhabhatidza chidiki chechi mudenga. Tenzi aida guta iri, imwe yemapendi yake inonzi - "Rudzi rweDelfet." Pane canvas, iyo Artist yakakwanisa kuendesa runako nerugare rweiyi nzvimbo.

Baba vemuimbi mune ramangwana vaine chivanze chake chavo, uye vakashandawo sesimbi yekuwachira pamachira eSilika. Mukuwedzera, uyu waiziva zvakawandisa mumabasa ehunyanzvi uye akatoshandura vamwe vevatengesi nevateresi. Zvichida kuti nei yang vermeer pane imwe nguva uye akatanga kufarira kupenda.

Zvinozivikanwa kuti muna 1653, murume wechidiki akatora Art worm of St. Ruka. Nekudaro, pasi pemitemo yehukama munharaunda ino, usati wajoinha guri, muimbi anofanira kudzidza kune vane ruzivo mumakore matanhatu. Ndiani akazoita kuti Jan vermer, haazivikanwewo.

Shanduro dzinosiyana-siyana: zvinoenderana nemumwe wavo, vermeer "vakanamatira ruoko rwake" pasi pehutungamiri hweLeonart Bramera, pane chimwe chinangwa - mudzidzisi wejaya aive anonyanya kuzivikanwa pendi Gerad. Iva izvo sezvazvingaite, vermeer yaive shamwari dzakanyanyisa nevese vatenzi.

Imwe fungidziro ine zvikonzero zvakanaka, ndiyo vhezheni iyo Karel Fabrichius yakava mudzidzisi uye muridzi Jan vermeer. Pane ruzivo rwakasvika murubhi uyu muguta reDelft panguva iyo nguva iyo mudiki anyaradzi aimbotaurwa kudzidziswa. Zvakare pamatanho eiyo vermeter pendi (kunyanya mangwanani), kusikwa kwaPeter de hoha, waive nebasa rayo rakada Janu.

Kupenda

Baba veYana pavakafa, jaya racho raifanira kuita zvinhu zve tavern, rakaramba rakanangana nemari yemhuri. Kunyangwe vermeer panguva iyoyo akange atoita chinzvimbo chekurumbidza muUrt Warm of St. Luel (uye pane chokwadi akaritungamira), zvaisazounza mari.

Panguva imwecheteyo, pendi yemhizha yaidiwa nenyanzvi dzehunyanzvi uye nekukurumidza dzakawana vatengi. Nenguva isipi, Vermeer akawana vatariri vekusingaperi. Pecary yemuno, naJakobho Hisesiyasi, muridzi wesangano rakadhindwa.

Muhuwandu hwevanhu ava, mune ruzivo rwakasiyana, mabasa anopfuura maviri gumi nemaviri emubati akachengetedzwa. Nekudaro, yakaramba isingazivikanwe, ingave vermeer yakanyora pamusoro pezvinyorwa zvakarairwa, kana kungopihwa van buyuytin uye dyssyus kodzero yekuwana zvisikwa zvitsva.

Izvo zvinozivikanwa kuti Jan Vermeer aive nemukurumbira kwete chete semuimbi ane tarenda, asiwo seunyanzvi uye nyanzvi yezvinhu zveunyanzvi. Ivo vakarapwa kuti vawane kana kusimbisa chokwadi chemamwe machira. Nekudaro, tarenda rayo, muimbi haana kutamisa chero munhu - munyori wenhoroondo uye venhoroondo dzezvakaitika kare zvinoshandura pane shanduro iyo mudzidzi paVermeer anga asati ambove.

Chinhu chinosiyanisa chemabasa eYana vermeer vanonyatsotonyoreswa vanonyoreswa uye ruzivo rwemadhiriyuta emadhorobha. Asi mifananidzo yevanhu iyo mhizha inosarudza kunyora chete pazviratidzo, kana mufananidzo wemunhu akazviratidza mumamiriro ezvinhu, zvaiwanzoita zvisina basa.

Imwe yemienzaniso yakajeka ye "zvemukati" pendi inotariswa kuve iyo pikicha yemusangano wemhizha wakanyorwa natenzi muna 1666. Iri ndiro rinoshanda basa, pane iyo vermera yakakwanisa kuendesa mamiriro ekunze ebasa raWizard. Zvinotendwa kuti mufananidzo womuimbi Jan Vermeer akanyora kubva pachaKe. Zvakare, muenzaniso wemamiriro ekunze akapoteredzwa emukati, pendi "Musikana achiverenga tsamba pahwindo" uye "thrush" anotariswa.

Mukuwedzera, vermeer yaive tenzi weanonzi "rudo" pendi. Uku kunzwa kwave kuri chinhu chikuru chevazhinji vemuimbi. Mifananidzo yedzimba iri nyore pachena kuratidza rugare uye kuwirirana kweavo mavara uye marongero. Kazhinji modhi uye museum yeJan Vermeter vakava mumwe wake, muenzaniso weizvi ndiko kupenda "mukuru uye musikana anoyera".

Wakatora muimbi uye vana vavo: zvinofungidzira kuti mufananidzo "musikana ane zvipuka zvePearl" ipikicha yemwanasikana wemhizha. Zvakare, shanda wakanzi "Mufananidzo wemusikana wechidiki" anoonekwa seimwe mufananidzo wemwanasikana waVermeer. Izvo zvinokosha kuti zvese zviri zviviri mifananidzo (zvakare chete kune masayendisiti akajairwa) muimbi akanyora nerubatsiro rweanobata.

Hupenyu Hwako

Hupenyu hwemhuri Yana vermeer akafara. Muva 1653rd Artist akaroora musikana anonzi Catarina Bnean. Mamiriro ezvinhu akaomesa kuramba kwaamai vemhwenga emwanasikana wake waaida. Chokwadi ndechekuti mhuri yemakakatisa yakanamatira kuCatholic, Vermeer yaive muPurotesitendi.

Asi munguva pfupi, achiona maitiro eYana Vermeer kumwanasikana wake, mukadzi akapa nzira uye akabvuma muchato. Zvakangodaro, kusvika kumagumo ehupenyu, Maria akabvisa, amai veVermeer, havana kugamuchira kusarudzwa kwemwanasikana wavo, vachiverenga Yana zvakapfava uye murume asiri mudiki. Catarina yakaunzwa newawakaroorana nevamwe vana gumi nemashanu. Nehurombo, vana vakafa vacheche.

Rufu

Makore ekupedzisira ehupenyu hweYana vermeer akafukidzwa nekudikanwa. Muimbi, kusvikira panguva iyoyo, aisaziva matambudziko ekunyama, akatarisana nekudikanwa kwekutora zvikwereti, kumbira chikwereti uye kudzora magumo nemicheto. Izvo hazvina kudzikira kukanganisa tsika: Tenzi yakatanga midzi, hutano hweVermeer hwacho hwakakurudzirwa zvikuru. Pane zvakare shanduro iyo ibasa rakakura kwazvo raiitwa uye kurambana kwaJan Vermeer nemukadzi wake waaida, asi hapana kusimbiswa kweaya fungidziro.

Zvikonzero zvekufa kweiyo muimbi achiri kundipokana: Kuongororwa chaiko kana mamiriro ezvinhu haana kukwanisa kuziva. Zvichida, Jan Vermeer akasara hupenyu nekuda kwekuneta kwakasimba kwekuneta, pakupedzisira akagwinya hutano hwependi. Zvakaitika musi waDecember 15, 1675. Muimbi aingova nemakore makumi mana nematatu. Vermeer inozorora mumhuri crypt mune yake yekuzvarwa.

Makore makumi maviri mushure mekufa kwaJan vermeer, mune 1696, auction yakaitika, iyo 21 basa reMhizha raive pachena. Vamwe vacho vakarasika nekufamba kwenguva, uye zvino masayendisiti uye vanyori venhoroondo dzezvakaitika kare vachitaura nezvenyaya gumi nembiri dzinozivikanwa dzeVermeer. Kumwe kusvibiswa kwe5 kuchiramba kuchiramba nyaya yemakakatanwa uye hakuzivikanwe zviri pamutemo nemabasa aTenzi.

Falsefiers, kutevedzera basa reYana vermeer, vakafarikanya nemamiriro akafanana. "Kutevedzera" kunozivikanwa "kunonzi Khan Wang Megerrene, uyo akawana zita rinoti.

Basa raVermeer rakaratidzwa kukurudzirwa uye vamwe vanhu vane tarenda. Saka, idzo dzinoverengeka zvinyorwa zvevakazvipira pendi rake, iyo Opera "tsamba dzeMunyori Louis Ansersen, uyezve nemhete dzePearl. Mumufananidzo uyu, achitaura nezve hupenyu hwaYana vermeer, Colth Firth Starred, Screenthett Johansson, Tom Wilkinson, Hulian Murphy.

Pendi

• Munenge muna 1653-1654 - "Diana neshamwari"
• Munenge muna 1654-1656 - "Kristu muImba yaMarita naMariya"
• 1656 - "Summinka"
• Dzinenge 1656-1657 - "kurara musikana"
• Vanenge 1657-1659 - "Musikana kuverenga tsamba newindow"
• Vanenge 1657 - "Officer uye kuseka musikana"
• Dzinenge 1660 - "thrush"
• Inenge 1663-1664 - "Mukadzi akabata zviyero"
• Dzinenge 1665-1667 - "Musikana ane zvipuka zvePearl"
• 1668 - "Anotherona"