Biography
Mutemo wekumanikidza kwehutongi hwehurumende yakakurumbira yaMariya Teresia yaifungidzirwa kuti imwe yeanonyanya kukosha munhoroondo yeEurope. Mukadzi nehunyanzvi akasanganisa manejimendi ematunhu akakura uye kurera vana 16.Hudu uye Vechidiki
Mwanasikana wedangwe Elizabeth Braunschweig-tungsten uye Emperor Charles Vi, Maria Teresia Valburg Amalia Kristina akaberekwa muna Chivabvu 13, 1717 muguta reVienna. Paakazvarwa, mazwi ekuodzwa mwoyo baba vake akabuda:
"Iyi ingori musikana."Huyu musikana musikana haana kuzivikanwa nezviitiko, mambokadzi aive mumumvuri wababa vake. Pamwe chete nemhuri, Maria Teresia akapedza nguva yechando chegore muHofuburg Palace, mumashure memwedzi yerimi - mukuvhima kweLuxembourg, uye zhizha remusikana akaitika mumuzinda wambo wamambo waro.
Iko kujekesa kwakajeka kwemusikana kunonzi shanduko yevadzidzisi. Kurerwa kwaMary Teseresing kwakapihwa kuna Jesusits. Akadzidziswa mitauro yekune dzimwe nyika, kusanganisira Latin, nhoroondo, hunyanzvi, geography noMutemo waMwari. Zvakare, musikana akatora mimhanzi uye anotamba zvidzidzo. Zvinoshamisa kuti mwanasikana ane tarenda anogona kutaura zviri nyore kutaura muItaly, French, Germany uye Spanish.
Kubva ndichiri mudiki, ainzi anonzi anonakidza kwenguva iyoyo. Maria Teresia akasiyaniswa nekushanda nesimba, musikana zuva nezuva akasimuka kuma5- mangwanani. Aiva nehasha leffent, aigona kukurumidza kutsamwa uye nekukurumidza kudzikamisa. Maria Teresia aive nedata rese rekuzvitsaurira uye ruremekedzo rwezvidzidzo: hukuru uye chipo cheShoko.
Mumakore akatevera, Maria Teresia anozivikanwa neFrench, Chirungu nemadzimambo ePrussian, uye neyemheru yeRussia, mudenga remutemo. Baba havana kukwanisa kunetseka nezvemigumo yemwanasikana wavo.
Mambokadzi akagamuchira dzidzo yechirume, iyo yakagadzirira musikana kuti atangezve nyika. Pakubudirira kwemakore gumi nemana, Maria Teresia akatove nerukudzo rwekuenda kumisangano yeDare reHurumende.
Hupenyu Hwako
Musikana akangwara akakomberedza vazhinji vanopokana pamoyo. Sarudzo yeKarl vi yakamira paMwanakomana weDuke yekufudza, iro zita rizere raFranz Stefan Stefan. Muna 1724, akasvika kuAustria Yard kuti apedze dzidzo uye kuwana hunyanzvi hunodiwa.Baba Teresia vakaunganidza mwanakomana wake: Akadzidzisa kuvhima kwake, akaenda naye kumabhora. France akabvuma kuziva pragmatic kurangana chete mukutsinhana kwekudyara kwerudzi. Franz akaramba kodzero yendima ino kuti roorano naMaria Teresia.
Musi waFebruary 12, 1736, mubatanidzwa wepamutemo wakagumiswa. Panguva imwecheteyo, muve werwo wemuchato, vaviri ava vakamanikidzwa kuvimbisa kuti aisazonzi nhaka kana Karl VI anga aine mwanakomana. Panguva iyo nguva yacho yakafungidzirwa kuti Maria naFranz vanoramba nhaka, kana mwanakomana wavo aisazozvarwa ari mubatanidzwa wavo, uye Mary Anna, musikana wechidiki, ndiye mudyi wenhaka wegomo.
Makore ekutanga emuchato akafukidza hondo isina kubudirira neTurkey, iyo yakagara kubva 1737 kusvika 1739. Mare Mary Teresia akatambura kukundwa semutungamiriri weHabhabhuru Army. Kunyange zvakadaro, hurumende yaive nemhuri yekubatira. Pashure pokubereka kwemwana wese, Maria akati:
"Vana havamboitika zvakakwana."Mwana wekutanga anozoonekwa mushure megore rekugara pamwe chete, vana vanotevera vanozvarwa vaine zororo kubva pamakore 1 kusvika pamakore maviri, kusvika 1756. Mary aive nevana 16: 11 vasikana nevakomana vashanu.
Dzidzo uye dzidzo yemwana wega wega Maria Teresia yakabhadhara imwe pfungwa. Iyo yakagadzira iyo yakakosha kiramu, kusanganisira kutamba uye zvigadzirwa zvemitambo. Uye vana vakapenda, vakadzidza nyaya, magwaro, masvomhu nemimwe mitauro. Kune vasikana vakadzidzisa hunyanzvi hwekuitisa hurukuro uye kushata.
Dare Rinodzora
Mufaro unokosha kwazvo kwenguva refu, Karl vi akafa muna 1740. Semhedzisiro, Maria Teresia pazera ramakore makumi maviri nematatu dzakamanikidzwa kukwira kuAustrian Chigaro. Panguva ino, anga atove amai vake katatu uye aive nepamuviri. Basa rekutonga pamusoro pehurumende, iyo zvino yakamira pamberi paMaria, yakanga isati yasvika kubva kumapapu. Uyezve, miganhu panguva iyoyo yaisanganisira Austria, iyo Czech Republic, Hungary, nzvimbo dzekumaodzanyemba uye pasi muItari.
Curoniation yakaitwa muna June 25, 1741 mukirasi yeSt. Martin, yakagadzirwa mune gothic maitiro, muguta rePritburg (ikozvino - Bratislava). Muna 1745, mumwe wako akakwenenzverwa pasi pezita reFranz ini, uye mukadzi wechidiki anova musimbiso yeAustria.
Maria Teresia akabva asangana nezvakatarisana nezvakatarisana nevazhinji vevanyoreri kuti ive nhaka yaAustria, aisada kupa kodzero yake kwaari. Asi muna 1748, nyika yaAcen yakafunga mubvunzo wakananga kuna Mary Teresia, avo vakarasika kuenda kuSilesia. Gare gare, muhondo yemakore manomwe (kubva muna 1756 kusvika 1763), Mambokadzi aida kuhwina ndima iyi, asi kuedza kwacho hakuna kushorwa nekubudirira: Selesia akasara musimba reFriedrich II.
Muna 1765, mambo Franz akazofa kamwe kamwe, Mary Teresia anogadza mwanakomana waJoseph II neChigiroke wake. Zvakangodaro, zviitiko zvake zvakaganhurirwa kudare, zviitiko zvemari uye zvechiuto, kusununguka kwakazara kubva kuna Josefa kwaive kusiri.
Muna 1772, Maria Teresia anotora chikamu muchikamu chekutanga chePoland uye semhedzisiro inogamuchira Galicia. Nezve eTtoman Humambo - muna 1775, mukadzi mauto ekupa kune yake Bukovina. Maria Teresia akamuratidza kuti "nhaka yeBavarian", uye kukanganiswa kwakaitika kwaive pamusoro pechibvumirano chechikepe. Pahwaro hwake, imba yeAustria yakagamuchira nharaunda yeInna.
Kunyanya kuratidza bhodhi raMariya Teresia mukutarisira kwezvinhu zvemukati zveHurumende. Nguva yemahara kubva kuvakuru, iye akabhadhara shanduko mukutonga, akambotanga kutonga chibharo uye kusateerera mutemo. Akaedza kuyerera mari, kugadzirisa mutemo uye kuronga mauto emauto.
Pamberi paMaria Teresia Austria ndiyo yaive nyika inodzokera kumashure mune imwe neimwe yematanho. Chikoro uye purinda zvakavambwa Jesusit. Pakutanga, hurumende haina kukanganisa mirairo yakagadzwa, asi Maria Teresia yakamanikidzwa kusimudzira zvido muhurumende nekuda kwemamiriro ekunze.
Munguva yekutonga, Maria Teresia akagumisa pesvedzero yechechi payakajekeswa zvombo uye akasimbisa kukosha kwesimba renyika. Akapinza zvakanyanya kuwanda kweiyo orchestra padare, gura kuremerwa kune vaimbi. Nekudaro, Maria akatarisira budiriro yesainzi uye art: akawana mayunivhesiti, achitora zvikoro, akagadzirisazve kurovedza muviri. Ndiye iye wakange ataura kuumbwa kwevanhu vari nyore, akauya nehuwandu hwezvikoro kusvika zviuru zvitanhatu.
Kunyanya kutarisa kwehurumende kwakabhadhara kugadzirisa mukurima, kusimudzira fekitori uye kuwedzera kwekutengeserana kwemukati uye kwekunze.
Rufu
Pashure porufu munaNovember 29, 1780, pazera ramakore makumi matanhatu nematanhatu, Maria Teresia akasiya nyika neanoenda, aine hondo yevanhu zviuru makumi maviri nezvisere uye vakawedzera mukurumbira muEurope.Anoshanda, esimba uye anehungwaru Maria Teresia aive anonyengera uye akangwara, akaita nenzira yakanaka kune vamwe. Biography yeMarery Teseresia yakazara nezviitiko. Muhupenyu hwakajairika, mukadzi uyu aive mukadzi akatendeka uye amai vasina mhosva, vaive nevana 16, 10 ivo vakapukunyuka.
Ndangariro
- Mukuremekedza Maria Teresia, Astereroid (295) Terezia, akavhurwa muna 1890.
- Munguva yeHondo Yenyika II, chikamu che21,200 cheSS Maria Teresia chakagadzirwa, chakaumbwa kubva kuVo Volsdoych, vaigara munharaunda yeiyo Austria, Hungary uye vakadaidzira kusimbisa kwechokwadi.
- MuVienna, chifananidzo kuhurumende uye shamwari dzayo dzepedyo muwere dzeMariya Teresia ichavakwa. Iri basa rehunyanzvi harina kukwana kuti uone zvakakwana mumufananidzo, zvinodikanwa kuti uone zvirarame.
- Mary Teresia ndiye Joint Teleproekt Austria, Hungary, Slovakia uye Czech Republic. Firimu re2 mhezi, 2017.
- Thaler Mary Teresia mari yeSilver, akasiyana-siyana Thaler, iyo yakashandisa zvinoshandisa mukutengeserana kwenyika nguva pfupi mushure mekutanga kwekudzingirira muna 1741.
- Mukuremekedza vaAustria Erzgert zogi, Mary Teresia anonzi Rosa akasiyana siyana.
- Kurongeka kwaMary Teresia - Austrian Article Order. Mambokadzi weHungary naBhohemia, Maria Teresia, vakasimbiswa, muna 1757.