Biography
Zita raRobert Lewis Stevenson sezvo pwere ichizivikanwa kune wese asingamiriri hupenyu pasina bhuku. Inoshamisa uye inonakidza adventures yakamirira magamba emabasa ake padanho rake padanho rega rega, vakadzokororwa vaverengi kwemaawa akawanda kuti vagare kuseri kwemapeji e "pfuma chitsuwa" uye "museve mutema". Uye kunyangwe aya mabasa anoonekwa seakakurumbira munhoroondo yeBhaibheri, rondedzero yemabhuku eStevenson haana kungogumira kwavari.Hudu uye Vechidiki
Munyori wechikuru akaberekerwa muEvburgh musi waNovember 13, 1850. Baba vemukomana vaive nebasa risingawanzo - raive reinjiniya raive rekugadzira mabhebhi. Kubva ndichiri mudiki, mukomana akarara nguva yakawanda mumubhedha - akakomba anoongorora vabereki akamanikidza vabereki kuti vatarisire mwanakomana wake.
Stevenson akawanikwa aine croup, uye gare gare uye iyo carcup (pulmonary tuberlis), iyo mumazuva iwayo yaiwanzofa. Naizvozvo, iyo nguva diki yakapedza nguva yakawanda iri mu "nyika yakasiyana" - saka munyori achazonyora nezvehudiki.
Zvichida miganho yekurega uye mibhedha uye akabatsira fungidziro yeRobert Lewis Stevenson kukudziridza zvakanyanya zvekuti akatanga kufungidzira uye anofamba ingaitire muhupenyu. Uye zvakare, njana yemwana yakaunza kuravira kwemazwi uye pfungwa yemazwi mazviri, kuverenga nhetembo Robert inopisa uye kuudza iyo Fairy Tale isati yarara.
Yatova pa15, Robert Lewis Stevenson akapedza basa rekutanga rakanzi "Pentland akasimuka". Baba vaRobert vakatsigira Mwanakomana wake uye vakaburitsa bhuku iri mumakopi zana emari yake muna 1866.
Panenge panguva imwe chete iyoyo, Stevenson, kunyangwe mamiriro ezvinhu ehutano, akatanga kufamba nekwavo Scotland uye Europe uye rekodhi zvirevo uye nyaya dzenzendo. Gare gare, izvi zvisizvo zvakauya pasi pebhuku reMabhuku "Migwagwa" uye "rwendo kusango".
Kuva mukuru, Robert Lewis Stevenson akapinda muElinburgh Academy, uyezve kuYunivhesiti yeElinburgh. Pakutanga, jaya racho rakafamba tsoka dzababa vake uye vakatanga kudzidza Injincy. Nekudaro, gare gare akaenda kune hukama hwekuita uye muna 1875 akava gweta rakasimbiswa.
Mabhuku
Basa rekutanga rakakomba reStevenson, rakaunza mukurumbira kumunyori, rakava nyaya inonzi "Overnight Francois Viyon". Uye yatove mu 1878th prose, kuve mune imwe rwendo muFrance, kupedzisa kutenderera kwenhau, rakabudiswa seyakazara.
Kuunganidzwa uku kwakanzi iyo yekuzviuraya kirabhu uye yakazova imwe yemabasa anozivikanwa eStevenson. "Kuzviuraya Kirabhu", pamwe neiyo kutenderera kweAlmaz Riji nyaya, dzakadhindwa mumagazini akawanda ekuverenga muEurope. Zvishoma nezvishoma, zita raStvenson rakazozivikanwa.
Nekudaro, mukurumbira wakakomba waiziva munyori muna 1883, payakadhindwa, pamwe yakanyanya kunaka yeRoma stevenson - "Chitsuwa cheTreasure". Kufanana nemabasa mazhinji ehungwaru, bhuku iri rakatanga nenyaya dzekutuka riinhi stevenson akafadza zvishoma nezvishoma. Robert Lewis akatopenda kadhi remukomana akagadzira chitsuwa, icho chaive chisingachinjiki mune yekutanga kubudiswa.
Zvishoma nezvishoma, zvikamu zvakapararira zvakatanga kukudziridza nerechitsinari yakazara-yakazara, uye Stevenson akagara pasi pepepa. Pakutanga, munyori akapa bhuku rinonzi "ngarava rinobika", asi rakazoshandurwa ku "Chitsuwa Chitsuwa". Mubasa iri, seStevenson akaziva, zvimiro zvake zvemabhuku evamwe vanyori vakaratidzwa - Daniel defo naErgar na. Vaverengi vekutanga vevaperi vakapedza kudzidza kwemunyori nababa, asi munguva pfupi iri kutaura nezve vamwe vadiwa mabhuku ekutevera.
Imwe inotevera yeminhenga yemunyori inobuda kunze "dema ruoko", muna 1885 "muchinda Otto" uye Nyaya yeClans "nhoroondo inoshamisa yaDr. Jekyra Gore rakatevera, Robert Lewis Stevenson akapedza basa pakuunganidzwa kwenhau, anonzi "uye neyuchangobva kuwanda uye humwe humwe" (kana "simba").
Zvinokosha kuziva kuti Stevenson akanyora uye nhetembo, zvisinei, akataura nezve kuedza kwenhetembo kuti vateuriki uye havana kana kuedza kuvaburitsa. Asi chikamu chemunyori wenhetembo chakange chakaunganidzwa pasi pechifukidziro chimwe uye vakasarudza kuburitsa. Saka pakanga paine muunganidzwa weThoeton nhetembo, akafuridzirwa nendangariro dzemakore evana. MuRussia, nhetembo dzakabuda muna 1920 uye yakagamuchira zita rekutamisa "ruva reruva ruva". Gare gare, muunganidzwa wakadzoreredzwa kakawanda uye ukachinja zita rekutanga.
Panguva iyoyo, mhuri yeStevenson, nekuda kwe "chisikwa chepfuma", akagara mativi. Asi, zvinosuruvarisa kuti hutano hwemunyori zvakanyanya uye hwakanyanya kunzwiwa. Vanachiremba vakaraira munyori kuti vachinje mamiriro ekunze, uye Robert Lewis Stevenson akatama kubva kunyika yake yekuenda kuSamoa. Vanowana, pakutanga vanonamata vaseni vanoona, munguva pfupi vakava vashanyi vasingagumi mukamuri remugove wemunhu anogamuchira munhu uyu.
Kumisikidza Stevenson, zita rekuti "Mutungamiriri - Saucer" rakatotongerwa munyori Aborigine, uyo akabatsira zano. Asi valori valori vaisada Robert Lewis Stevenson yeavo kusununguka, kuti munyori akadyara mundangariro dzevagari vemo.
Uye zvechokwadi, mamiriro ekunze echitsuwa chezvitsuwa akatadza kubatsira asi mafungiro eSaucer: zvinyorwa uye nyaya dzekutaura zvodekwana pachitsuwa ichi "," Katriona "(izvo zvakava kuenderera mberi" Akabuda pamberi), "Saint-iv" yakanyorwa paSamoa. Vamwe vanomuda munyori vakanyorwa muCo-kunyorwa naPasianka - "Zvikwereti zvisina kufanira", "akabatwa chikepe", "zvinotapira".
Hupenyu Hwako
Rudo rwemunyori rwekutanga yaive mukadzi anonzi Kat Drammond, akashanda semuimbi muhusiku tavern. Forky Stevenson, kuve majaya asina ruzivo, akafadzwa nemukadzi uyu kwaaizoroora. Nekudaro, baba vemunyori havana kubvumira mwanakomana kuti atore mukadzi waKat, uyo, maererano neStevenson-mukuru, haana kukodzera kuita iri.
Gare gare, achienda kuFrance, Robert Lewis Stevenson Met Francis Matilda. Fanny - Saka Stevenson nerudo wake wainzi mudiwa wake - akaroora. Uyezve, mukadzi aive nevana vaviri uye akange akura kupfuura Stevenson kwemakore gumi. Zvaiita sekunge zvakakwanisa kudzivirira murudo kuva pamwe.
Pakutanga, zvakaitika - Stevenson akasiya France chete, asina mudiwa, achichema hupenyu hwakatadza. Asi muna 1880, Fanny akazokwanisa kurambana / mumwe wake uye akaroora nemunyori, uyo akanyanya murume anofara uye baba. Pakanga pasina vana vakajairwa.
Rufu
Samoa Isa haisi nzvimbo yaunofarira yemunyori, asi zvakare utiziro hwekupedzisira. Zvita 3, 1894 Robert Lewis Stevenson haana. Manheru, murume wacho akasara achienda kunodya, asi akangoerekana akabata musoro wake, achirwa nekurohwa. Mune maawa mashoma munyori akange asisiri mupenyu. Iko kukonzera kwekufa kwaNjere kwaive kurohwa.
Ikoko, pachitsuwa ichi, guva remunyori richiri rakachengetedzwa. Abrigines, akashungurudzika zvechokwadi nerufu rwegamba rake uye "mutungamiri waPetro", akaviga Robert Lewis Stevenson pamusoro pegomo, mvura paguva reguva kubva kukongiri kubva kongiri.
Muna 1957, iyo Soviet Munyori Leonid Borisov akanyora biography yeRobert Lewis Stevenson, inonzi "pasi pemureza weCatriona".
BHAIBHERI
- 1883 - "Treasure Island"
- 1885 - "Prince Otto"
- 1886 - "Inoshamisa Nyaya yaDr Jekyla na Mr. Heyda"
- 1886 - "Yakabiwa"
- 1888 - "Museve Akasviba"
- 1889 - "muridzi weBallastre"
- 1889 - "Zvinoshatisa Zvikwereti"
- 1893 - "Yakatenderera Chikepe"
- 1893 - "Catriona"
- 1897 - "Saint-Yves"