Biography
ZvekuSpanish, surname yeTemenekoulos yakaomeserwa, saka mushure mekutamira kuToleddo, muimbi akatanga kuzvidaidza kuti Domenico Greco, kana angori El Greco. Pseudonym yakaratidza kwaibva - Akazvarwa muKrete, uye Spain yakava kumusha wechipiri kwaari.
Pano pakupera kwezuva rechi 16 rezana ramakore rechi 17, mushonga wakasimbisa nyika inozivikanwa Canvas, kusanganisira "Kuviga kwesangano rezvimwe" uye "cheshanu chemuchera", chinoonekwa seBhaibheri yemanyowa. Kuumbwa kunoshungurudza, kusiyanisa kwependi nekuwedzera kwezvibodzwa zvemwenje - zvese mumabasa aEl Greco akashanda kune kugona kuita uye kutaura kwekunyanyisa kusimiririra. Nhaka yake yakakurudzira artists, kusanganisira Pablo Picasso, minda yeCezan, Edward mana.
Hudu uye Vechidiki
Mhuri yechiGiriki umo muna 1541 Musiki wemangwana weSpanish kuMySitiya achipenda akazvarwa, hapana chavaida. Musoro wemhuri hauna kuwana bhizinesi chete, asiwo kuunganidza mutero. Vanakomana vaDomeniyo uye Manososi vakagamuchira dzidzo dzakanaka pamigariro yezuva iro. Pane humbowo hwekuti vakadzidzisa chiGiriki chekare nechiLatin.
Domenico paive nemakore gumi nemashanu, baba vake vakafa. Kuchengeta mhuri kurara pamapfudzi emunun'una mukuru, Artist Manussos. Pashure pacho, akaparidza hupenyu hwake hwese kutengeserana. Domenico akasarudza nzira yehunyanzvi. Pipi, zudhi revaranda vakaita. Jaya rakabatana nenharaunda.
Kupenda
Cretan pendi yezana ramakore regumi nematanhatu ndeyokutanga, kutanga pane zvese, iyo icon icon pendi. Kusiyana kwekusikwa kwevanyori veko kwaive kusanganisa kuomarara kwechimiro cheiyo byzantine maitiro neItaly motifs. Orders yakagamuchirwa kubva kune ese maKatorike nharaunda uye Orthodox.
Domenico Totokoulosulos akagamuchira zita retsitsi hapana mushure memakore makumi maviri nemasere. Izvi zvakapa mukana wekuvhura yake yega musangano, uye muimbi, anotenda vanyori venhauve venzeri, akashandisa mukana. Iko kushanda kwakakosha kwenguva yekutanga yeiyo nzvimbo yekugadzira yeEl Greco inoonekwa se "kufungidzira kwemhandara". Pamwe chete ne "kuurayiwa kwetsvene paraskeva", Mikichal Dhamasko basa rinoonekwa seyakajeka sampuro yeiyo nhaka yeiyo cretan chikoro icon pendi.
Pana 26, murwi anosiya nyika yake. Muna 1967, Totokoulos akagara muVenice, uye makore matatu gare gare akatamira kuRoma. Chikamu chevaongorori vanotenda kuti muguta pamusoro pemvura, iyo Novice Artist yakashanda pasi peTeian. Imwe yeTitans yeRenaissance nenguva iyoyo yaive anopfuura makore makumi masere, asi aibvuma vadzidzi mumusangano.
Iyo nguva yeRoma yekukwirira El Greco ichiri kucherechedzwa neiyo pesvedzero yerandhe. Chimiro chinobuda chinoteedzerwa chakapenya zvakazara mitezo marudzi mazhinji, kudzika kwemapendi, elongation ye silhouettes. Asi mavara ari kuwedzera nechando pasi pebrashi rake mumamiriro ekusagadzikana panguva yekutsamwa. Iyo inoshamisa yehunhu inowanikwa mu "Manheru echigaro", uye mu "zita", uye mu "kutapwa kwevatengesi kubva mutembere."
Anosimudzira mhizha yeKristo anokwezva kutariswa kwevaEnda. Iye anokokwa kune zvigiridzo zvezvemakaruru alessandro farnes, uko pendi mudiki anosangana nesainzi, vazivi, maartist. Asi munguva pfupi mushe muenzi akarasikirwa nenzvimbo yacho: Domenico yakanyanyisa kutambudzika kune zviremera zvenguva yapfuura. Rega Renaissance inosiya iyo nhanho, asi ndangariro dzevamiriri vezvevamiriri vachiri vapenyu.
"Aive munhu akanaka, asi aisaziva nzira yekukwevera pamusoro pese," muimbi wechiGreek anoratidza, achiti, "Semuenzaniso, nezvaMichelangelo.Anotobatidza ushingi hwekupa papa kuti adzorere chidimbu che "inotyisa kwazvo" muSistine Chapel Intancial Pfungwa dzeNguva yeNguva yeNguva yeNguva.
"Benzi rino Semechan," iyo Architect Pigorio inopindura nezve El Greco.Kunyangwe makadhi ekukweretesa ane muimbi. Pasinei nokutaura paruzhinji rwevaRoma, muna 1972 maTeotokoloos anounganidza musangano mu "guta risingaperi", asi rinotadza kuwana mirairo huru, uye Domenico anosiya Italy.
Spain akakwezva muripo webasa rebasa: Mamambo weiyi nyika Philip II aifarira kushongedzwa kwemukati wemuzinda mutsva, kusarudzwa kwevasungwa vaive. Kuva muMadrid uye kuona chinangwa chekukunda kwechiremera kubva kuna Mambo, El Greco akasangana nedzidziso yebumbidzo montano uye nhamba yeTedalsky cathedral padyo neabbot. Nekuda kweizvozvo, pachinzvimbo cheRoyao rwehumambo, chibvumirano cheSpanish chekutanga chakasaina nevamiriri vekereke.
Pachikumbiro, pendi gumi dzakagadzirwa, dzakakurumbira kwazvo ndedzipi "dambudziko reConsle naKristu." Kumberi kwepamberi, kusimbisa kudzvinyirira kweboka revanhu pana Kristu, mugumo, apo mutsigiri weProter ari kugadzirira kuuraya Mutoni anozotadza nebasa reiyo inoshamisa simba hunhu hwe Manherism.
Chokwadi chinonakidza: Kune iyo Canvas, iyo ikozvino inofunga kuti nyanzvi yeNyika Art, Chechi yakaramba kubhadhara yakaziviswa mazviko 950. Kuburikidza nedare, munyori akawana huwandu katatu zvishoma - mazana matatu emadhora. Zvinotaurwa zvazvinoreva zvakaderedzwa kuti zvive chokwadi kuti El Greek akaiswa pambuni yemamari matatu, koi haana kutaurwa muCanonical vhezheni yezviitiko. Uye zvakare, machechi akatsamwisa nzvimbo yemubvunzo pamusoro pemusoro waKristu. Zvakangodaro, kurongeka kweTlel Cathedral kukudzwa El Greco muSpain.
Uye zvakadaro, mukusimudzirwa kwaPhilip II II, hazvina kubatsira. Chiremba akaita mana miviri yemamongi, asi basa ramambo harina kufadzwa, uye kubatana kwacho kwakange kwatangwa napo nekukanganiswa. Munyori ane makore 44 okukura akasarudza kushandisa mukana wekukurumidza kukunda muTolle uye akavhura musangano pano muna 1585. Mubatsiri wechiRoma Totokoloslos Francisco akabereka akatetepa akaendeswa kuSpain.
Nenguva isipi murwi unogadzira mucheka wakashata - mufananidzo wekuvigwa kweiyo yakaoma yeiyo nhengo. Inoshandisa zano rechitendero chechitendero pamusoro pemufumi vaToredo, vakawanawo kereke. "Kuviga" kunoratidza vatsvene maviri vakaburuka kubva kudenga kuzotambira mubatsiri. Iyo canvas yakagadzirwa yeTolesk Church yeSan Tome.
Pakati pa1987 na1592, iyo Planter yakanyora kudaro kupenda-pikicha "Muapuropo" People naPaul "zvakavakirwa pane izvo zvakasiyana nemifananidzo. Nhasi unochengeterwa mune hermitage. Iye munyori haasi mutorwa uye rudzi rwemamiriro ekunze, kunyangwe machira akadai ari mu nhaka yeEl Greco vatatu. "Vaizivikanwa kwazvo" neTededo ", vachiratidza guta rakavhenekerwa rakavhenekerwa nechiedza chomukati, vakapararira pasi pesimba, matinji edenga. Mufananidzo uyu wakava imwe yenzvimbo dzekutanga muEuropean pendi.
Nguva pfupi asati afa, tenzi akasika chigadziko chekudhinda cheshanu ", icho chaifanira kuwedzerwa kushongedza kwemukati kweChechi yeTeldo yeChechi yaJohane mubhabhatidzi. Mufananidzo uyu wakarasika zvishoma: Pakutendeuka kwemazana emakore gumi nematanhatu, vadzoreri vakagura chikamu chepamusoro. Zvinotendwa kuti muchimiro ichi, iro basa rakashanda seanokurudzirwa picasso pavanenge vachinyora "Varsign Varens."
El Greek inozivikanwawo seMufananidzo uyo anogona kupfuudza hunhu muzvinhu zvechitarisiko. MuTolddo akaitwa muchidimbu, akagadzira Alpel yeChapel san Jose. Kukosha kwekusikwa kwakabatana nekuumbwa kwehunyanzvi, izvo zvakashanda sehwaro hweBarque, uye nemaune pendi zvakatitendera kuti titaure nezve chiGiriki sekutaurisa cubism uye kutaura.
Hupenyu Hwako
Kubva pamakore makumi matatu nematatu, aigara mumuchato chaiwo aine Spaniard Hasim de la cuevas. Muna 1578, vaive nemwanakomana wainzi Jorge Manuel.
Vanotsvagurudza vanoratidza kuti Domenico akaroora: Akagumisa muchato kana muKrete, kana muItari. Uye hazvina kumutendera kuti anyorere mubatanidzwa neheruim. Panguva imwecheteyo, El Greco akataura mukadzi chaiwo mumapepa emapuranga, kusanganisira kuda, uye akaziva Mwanakomana.
Rufu El Greco
Muna 1614, muimbi akashanda pachirongwa cheToldedo Chipatara, asi basa rakaramba risina kupera. Iyo pendi yakarwara, uye nyika yakashata zuva nezuva.
Kunzwisisa kuti ini handizopfuedzerazve, El Greek akakwanisa kuendesa kuda. Iyo Artist yakafa musi waApril 7th. Akavigwa pamamongi, ayo akazoparadzwa. Izvo zvakasara zveMhizha zvakarasika.
Shanda
- 1560-1565 - "Modesky Triptych"
- 1567 - "Kufungidzira kweMhandara"
- 1570 - "Yekupedzisira Kwemanheru"
- 1570 - "Kunamata KwaMaGi"
- 1570 - "Mufananidzo waJulio Clea"
- 1571-1575 - "Kutapwa kweVatengesi Kubva Kune Tembere"
- 1573 - "Kristu Pamuchinjiko"
- 1577-1579 - "Kutaura nezve zvipfeko kubva kuna Kristu"
- 1585 - "Mhuri Inoyera"
- 1586 - "Kuvigwa kweChavi OrSas"
- 1587-1592 - "Vapositora Peter naPauro"
- 1595 - "Mupostori Andrey uye Saint Francis"
- 1596-1600 - "View Toledo"
- 1600 - "Kuzvinatidzira"
- 1608-1614 - "Kubvisa Chishanu Dhinda"