Biography
Spanish Artist Francisco Goya, ese muhupenyu, uye mubishi akaedza kutevera nheyo dzakakwirira dzevanhu. Akagadzira nhoroondo yenhoroondo yenyika yake, achiita mupiro wakakura kuhunyanzvi. Goya ndomumwe wevasungwa anopenya kwazvo ezuva rerudo. Kusikwa kwake kwakabudirira mumhando dzakasiyana siyana. Mamwe mifananidzo yeFrancisco inoburitswa muHermitage, mafoto avo anogona kuoneka paInternet.Hudu uye Vechidiki
Francisco-José de Gya-I-Lusatenes akaberekwa muna Kurume 30, 1746 muZaragoza. Mwedzi mishoma mushure mekuzvarwa kwemukomana, mhuri iyi yakatamira kumusha weFuendedos - yaive chiyero chakamanikidzwa, nekuti imba iri muZaragozi yakagadziriswa.
Mhuri yacho yaive nehupfumi hwepakati, Francisco aive gotwe wehama: Senior camtillo mune ramangwana yakava mupristi, uye Thomas, nepakati baba vake uye akava tenzi wekuti. Vana vakagamuchira dzidzo yepakati, vechidiki Francisco vakapa kudzidza muLusana-I-Martinez Borkhop.
Jaya harina kungofungidzira zvidzidzo zvehunyanzvi, asiwo akawanikwa kuimba serenade uye kuurayiwa kwekupenya kwevanhu. Francisco aive wechidiki anokurumidza uye anozvikudza, anova mumwe wezvikonzero zvikuru zvekutora kwemumugwagwa.
Nekuda kweizvozvo, akange amira kubuda muguta kutiza kubva pakutambudzwa kwaMadrid. Kubva pamaruwa emartine, Goya akaenda asina kunyatsozvidemba. Mudzidzisi haana kuedza kubata jaya rine tarenda, nekuti iye amene akamuraira kuti aenderere mberi.
Mushure mekutama, Francisco akaedza kaviri kuti apinde mudzidzo yehunyanzvi, asi kubvira rombo rakanaka aisanyemwerera, jaya raienda kunodzungaira.
Kupenda
Munguva yekudzungaira kweGiya yakashanya Roma, parma uye naples. Muna 1771, anogashira yechipiri mubairo weParm yekudzidza kwehunyanzvi. Kana iri yekutanga yekutanga, hapana chinozivikanwa nezvazvo nhasi. Asi kubudirira uku kwakabvumidzwa Francisco kuti vatende maga, nekuti Dare reChikoro muMadrid muMadrid vakanyarara vakasangana pendi dzechidiki mumakwikwi uye mairatidziro.
Pakudzokera kuZaragozu, Francisco nyanzvi yekuita pendi, kureva kupenda kweChechi Frescoes. Kushongedza kwake kwamambo kweDhipatimendi reMuzinda weVamambo Parle Parlar Rumbidzo, iyo yakasundira iyo yekuda chinzvimbo kuchiedza kukunda capital.
Pakusvika muMadrid, Goya akatanga kushanda pane pani, inodiwa kuti carpet yehumambo hwehumambo.
Kwete pasina shamwari yaBayeu musi waJanuary 22, 1783, Francisco akagamuchira yakakoshesa kubva kuCloridablanca. Muimbi haana kutenda mune rombo rakanaka, nekuti kunyorwa kweiyo mufananidzo welmazbus yakakwirira yakamubvumidza kuti aite zvakanaka. Asi izvi hazvisi zvese - nekuda kwekuverenga, uyo anounza muimbi kune yakakwira nzanga uye anopa munun'una wake mudiki, Mambo Douisu, Francisco anogamuchira idzva.
Don Luis anorayiridzira kuzadzisa mifananidzo yemi nhengo yemhuri yake. Pabasa rake, guya akawana chiuru chimwe cheRealov, uye mukadzi wemuimbi akawana chipfeko chakarukwa negoridhe nesirivheri, akakosha zviuru makumi matatu.
Nekudaro, Francisco Goya inova inozivikanwa Spanish portrait. Muna 1786, Francisco akatanga kufarira Karl III, akava muimbi wedare. Mushure mekufa kwemutongi, mutsivi wake Karl Iv akabva Goyuya nezvechinzvimbo chake, achimunhu zvakanyanya.
Muna 1795, Francisco akasarudza director mukuru weChikoro cheSan Fernando. Pashure pemakore mana, muimbi akasvika pamusoro pebasa - iye akavakwa muSan weRuwandu wekutanga Painter King Charles IV.
Hupenyu Hwako
Shamwari yaGoro, Artist Francisco Bayeu, yakamuvigira hanzvadzi yake. Runako runako rweJosef uye hutsinye Argon akabva awira murudo. Asi Francisco haana kukurumidza kuroora uye akafunga pane iyi nhanho chete mushure menhau yemusikana wemusikana.
Chinhu chakakosha ndechekuti hama yemukadzi wemangwana yaive nemusangano umo muimbi akashanda. Chiitiko chakasimba chakaitika musi waChikunguru 25, 1773. Mwana anozvarwa achangozvarwa mushure mekurarama kwenguva pfupi. Iye mukadzi wacho akabereka vana vashanu, mamwe masosi anoratidza nhamba yakakura. Akapona mukomana mumwe chete mumwe chete anonzi Francisco Javier Pedro, uyo akazova muimbi mune ramangwana.
Achangosvika Gya achangove mudenderedzwa revakadzi veDare uye aristocrats, iye akabva kukanganwa. Kusiyana nevakadzi vazhinji vevashandi vemhizha, mumwe wake haana kuisa Francisco: Akanyora mumwe mufananidzo wemukadzi wake. Aya ndiwo maitiro azvingaite kutsanangura maitiro emhizha kwaari. Pasinei neizvi, Francisco akaramba akaroora akafa kwemumwe mukadzi muna 1812.
Iye murume uyu anga asiri murume akatendeka, vamwe vakadzi vaigara vachigara muhupenyu hwavo, kuwedzera kumukadzi wake. Iyo inonaka aristocrats yeGiya yaive neiyo duchess yedare rasara aristocrats eGYA. Mushure mekuzivana nemusikana ari muzhizha ra 1795, vaviri verudo vakatanga. Gore rakatevera, mumwe wake vakura weMuchengeti akafa, uye akaenda kuAnago. Goya akaenda naye: Ivo vaigara pamwe chete kwemwedzi yakati wandei.
Nekudaro, mune biography yeFrancisco pakanga paine chiitiko chisingafadzi: Pakudzokera kuMadrid, Alba akasiya muimbi, achimuramba muchiuto mune yakakwira. Francisco akatsamwisa chiitiko ichi, asi kupatsanurwa kwakazoitika kuve pfupi - akakurumidza kudzokera kwaari, bhuku racho rakaramba riripo kwemakore manomwe. Izvo zvinofanirwa kutaurwa kuti hukama hwani hadzisimbiswi nemamwe magwaro.
Rufu
Mukuwa kwa 1792, Francisco akarova chirwere chakakomba kupera nekutuka kwakazara. Uye aya miganho midiki, zvese zvinogona kunge zvakanyanyisa, nekuti muimbi aigara achinzwa kushaya simba, akatambudzwa nemusoro, iye akarasika zvishoma uye imwe nguva yakaoma mitezo. Vanotsvaga vanofunga kuti, izvi ndizvo mhedzisiro yesyphilis yakatanga muhudiki. Kutuka kwakaomesesa hupenyu hwomubvumiri, asi hauna kupindira pamwe chete kuti atarisire vakadzi.
Kwemakore, nyika yevaimbi yakawedzera, uye kupenda kwake kusiririsa. Mushure mekufa kwemukadzi wake uye nekuroora, Mwanakomana waGome akaramba ari oga. Muna 1819, muimbi akabva kubva pane zvezvinhu uye akamira muimba yenyika "quint del sudo". Kubva mukati, anopenda madziro nemaruva eLirescoes, icho chaive chiratidzo chekusurukirwa uye ndaneta neupenyu hwevanhu.
Nekudaro, kudzika kunyemwerera kuFrancisco, akasangana neLokadia de wece. Vakapatsanurana nedutu remhepo, nekuda kwekuti mukadzi akarambana murume wake.
Muna 1824, kutya kushushwa kwehurumende itsva, muimbi anosarudza kuenda kuFrance. Makore maviri aigararama muBordeaux, asi rimwe zuva zvakaramba zvakaramba munzvimbo yake, ndosarudza kudzoka. Kamwe muMadrid panguva yehukuru hwepamberi-shanduko yekuchinja, iye achakurumidza kudzokera kuBordeaux.
Artist weSpanish akafira mumaoko ake kubva kune anozvipira akakomberedzwa nehama pausiku hwaApril 15-16, 1828. Francisco inoramba ichidzoserwa kuSpain chete muna1919.
Shanda
- 1777 - "Umbrella"
- 1778 - "Mutengesi weDhivhosi"
- 1778 - "Madrid Musika"
- 1779 - "Mutambo muPelota"
- 1780 - "Hoga diki"
- 1786 - "Yakakuvadzwa Bricklayer"
- 1791 - "Game muZhmurki"
- 1782-83 - "Mufananidzo weGraph Floridablanca"
- 1787 - "Mhuri yeDuke yeOsuna"
- 1787 - "Mufananidzo weCustomise A. Ponotos"
- 1796 - "Dr. Penal"
- 1796 - "Francisco Bayeu"
- 1797-1799 - "Kurara kwerara kunopa monsters"
- 1798 - Ferdinand Gui Marda
- 1799 - "La Tirana"
- 1800 - "Mhuri yaMambo Charles IV"
- 1805 - "Sabas Garcia"
- 1806 - "Isabel A Carp de Porn"
- 1810-1820 - "Njodzi dzeHondo" (yakatevedzana 82 Engorora)
- 1812 - "Musikana ane jug"
- 1819-1923 - "Saturn ichipedza Mwanakomana wake"
- 1819-1923 - "Imbwa"
- 1820 - "Portrait T. Peres"
- 1823 - "Shabash Witch"
- 1828 - "Mufananidzo waJosé Pio de Molina"