Biography
Nikolai Ostrovsky - Munyori webasa risingafi "kuti simbi yakaoma sei". Zviitiko zvebhuku iri uye protagonist, donhedza Korcha grazigh, wanga uchisanganiswa neusina udyire gamba, ushingi uye chisingachinjiki simba reMweya. Iri bhuku rakanyonganiswa nemitauro uye aphorisms, uye zvirevo zveKORCHAING nezvehupenyu uye kurwira kuchiri kwakakodzera. Nekudaro, vanhu vashoma vanoziva kuti kunyorwa kweiyo noost for ostrovsky kwave kusiri muyedzo madiki pane izvo zvakawira pasi pehuwandu hwevanhu vake.Hudu uye Vechidiki
Munyori wechikuru akaberekwa musi waSeptember 29, 1904 mumusha mudiki weVilia, uyo ari muVolyn Province (zvino inzvimbo yeUkraine). Baba Nicholas vaive mauto akamira, vakashanda pakugadzirwa kwakadudzirwa, Amai vaive mubiki. Vana vatanhatu vakakura muOstrovsky mhuri: Ostrovsky vaive nehanzvadzi mbiri dzechikuru, hama yakura uye hanzvadzi mbiri diki. Chokwadi, vasikana vaviri vadiki vakafa vachiri vadiki.
Ostrovsky yaigara inoshaya - mhuri hombe yaida mari yakakwira, saka vana vakatanga kuwana nguva zhinji, vachibatsira vabereki. Nikolai paakaenda kuchikoro cheChechi-Parish, hanzvadzi dzake vakuru vakatoshanda sevadzidzisi. Kuchikoro nekukurumidza kucherechedza kugona kwakatanhamara kweOstrovsky: Mukomana ari paZhizha akabata chero zvinhu. Yatova nemakore gumi nemaviri, Nikolai akagamuchira chitupa chekupedza chikoro uye chikepe chechikepe.
Mushure meizvozvo, mhuri yeOstrovsky yakatamira kuguta raShetetovka, uko Nikolai akakwanisa kupinda muchikoro. Makore maviri gare gare, muna 1915, jaya rakagamuchira diploma ndokuenda kubasa. Ostrovsky aifanira kugara iyo nzvimbo yekicheni mubatsiri, iyo inomiririra, iyo cubover, kusvika pakuwana uye kubatsira vabereki. Nekudaro, jaya racho harina kusiya vavariro dzekudzidza zvakare uye muna 1918 akapinda chikoro chepamusoro chekutanga.
Kufambidzana kwemudzidzi kwakabvumidzwa Nikolai mukururamisa kweBolshevik mazano, murume wechidiki uyu akazova activist uye akatotora chikamu mumabasa epasi pevhu, achiparadzira mapepa uye kuzadzisa basa remubatanidzwa. Iyo yekuchinja pfungwa yakabatwa zvachose neOstrovsky, uye muna1919, jaya raive jaya rakabatana neboka reKomsomol. Panguva imwe chete, Nikolai akadonha pamberi, akakuvara zvakanyanya mudumbu rake nemusoro, uye kuwa kubva kubhiza, zvakakuvara zvakanyanya musana. Iyo mamiriro ehutano haina kubvumira Nicholas kuti agare muuto, uye murume wechidiki akaderedzwe.
Nekudaro, yaisave iyo chitsuwa kunyunyuta pamusoro pekupedzisira uye kugara usina nyaya. Kumashure, jaya rakabatsira nhengo dzeARI, uye akabva atamira kuKevek, kwaakawana basa remubatsiri wemagetsi. Mukufanana, Nikolai akaendazve kuzodzidza, panguva ino achisarudza mainjiniya emagetsi.
Nehurombo, maronda emahara eOstrovsky haana kungogumira ku: Muna 1922, jaya, anoponesa muparadzi, akapedza maawa akati wandei mumvura ine mvura. Izvo hazvina kupfuura pasina tarisiro yehutano hweNikolai Alekseevach, zuva rakatevera aive achimhanya nefivha, akabva atanga kutambudzika neuchenjeri hwakagadzirwa, uye akazotevera chisikwa chisina kugadziriswa chakanhonga typhus, iyo yakanga isingaenzaniswi muguva .
Neraki, Nikolai Alekseevich akapora kubva kuTyphoid nefivha, asi kukuvara uye kurwara uye kurwara pakupedzisira vakanunura hutano hwemurume wechidiki. Iyo Ostrovsky yakatanga kuvandudza mitezo yemasanda, iyo yaiomeserwa nechirwere chakabatanidzwa. Zvakava zvakaoma kutama, uye vanachiremba vakapa kufungidzira kufungidzira.
Mabhuku
Iyo yekugadzira Biography yeNikolai Ostrovsky yakatanga mune chaiyo chaiyo yeshoko riri pamubhedha wechipatara. Kubva ndichiri mudiki, Nikolai Alekseevich Kuverenga: Mabasa eFenimor Coper, Jules Verne naWalter Scott chaicho "vakarohwa nemabhuku emukomana.
Gare gare, Ostrovsky akadaidza mabasa aunofarira e "Ovod", Rafaello Jovanoli. Zvishoma nezvishoma, iyo Hobby yakatendeukira kuCreaction yake: Ostrovsky kuti ipfuure nguva muzvipatara, vakatanga kunyora nyaya pfupi uye vanotamba, vachitevera munyori wake rakakurumbira.
Kubva 1927, ostrovsky aisakwanisa kufamba navo, Prosaiika inowana chirwere bekhtev, pamwe nePolyarthritis. Nikolay Alksevich akatambura, asi kunyange izvi zvaisazovharirwa nemamiriro ake ezvinhu. Munguva pfupi zvakazova pachena kuti kuvandudzwa kwaisazova. Iye munyori panguva iyoyo akatendeuka makore 23 chete.
Nekudaro, Nikolay Alakseevich yakatora kubva kuDhipatimendi reSverdlovsk University. Mukufanana, jaya rakanyora zvakawanda, panguva ino pakanga paine zita regwaro rakanzi "rakazvarwa dutu" rakazova yekutanga vhezheni yechokwadi. ' Kwemwedzi mitanhatu, munyori akazvitsaurira pabasa iri, uyezve sarudzo yakajeka yakarasika kana kutumira.
Basa racho raive rakakosha kutanga zvakare, asi pano iyo Ostrovsky yakanga yakamirira dambudziko idzva: Munyori akatanga kusiya. Izvo zvinonyatso kuyamwisa mauto eNikolai Alekseevich, proseca akatombofunga kuzviuraya, asi simbi yakunda, uye ostrovsky yakaramba ichinyora. Pakutanga, bhuku racho rakaumbwa rakajeka, nguva nenguva Nikolai Alekseevime akadzvanya rugwaro kuhama nemukadzi wake vaimutarisira. Uye ndokuzouya ne stencil, iyo inobvumidza kushanda zvishoma nekukurumidza.
Mushure menguva yakati, manyoro akagadzirira. Ostrovsky akatumira basa kune leningrate yekuburitsa imba, asi mhinduro haina kumirira. Ipapo Nikolai Alekseevach akatumira basa rake kune imba yekuparidza "vadiki", kubva kwaakagamuchira kuramba nekuda kwe "chokwadi chevanyori."
Asi ipapo kuda uye chinangwa chemunyori hazvina kumutendera kuti adzokere. Ostrovsky yakawana kuongorora zvekare kwehunyanzvi. Panguva ino, basa rakatumirwa kundodhindwa, zvisinei, vasati vavarawa vasati vapera, uye zvinyorwa zveRuo zvakadzoreredzwa.
Saka kumunyori, nhanho itsva yehondo yebhuku rakatanga: Dzivirira pandima yese chaiyo. Zvakangodaro, muna 1932 chikamu chekutanga chebhuku rinoti "Simbi yakaoma sei," yakabuda, uye imwe nguva yekupedzisira yebhuku rakadhindwa.
Kubudirira kwakapfuura zvinotarisirwa zvakanyanya zveOstrovsky: Iwo maraibhurari akatanga kuratidzika kumibvunzo yebasa rake, vanhu vaienda kumapoka uye vasingazive ndima dzavanofarira.
Munguva yehupenyu hweNikolai Alekseevich "Simbi yakaomeswa" yakanyorwa 41 nguva. Ostrovsky akatanga kufunga nezvekuenderera mberi kwebhuku, uye akarongawo kunyora basa "vana vevana" kwevana. Iri bhuku idzva, iro rakatanga kushanda basa, rakagashira madutu "akaberekerwa" akaberekerwa ". Kudhirowa kwebasa kwacho kwakatokurukurwa pamusangano weVanyori Mubatanidzwa. Zvinosuruvarisa, iyo Novel haina kuzombopera.
Hupenyu Hwako
Kunyangwe chirwere ichi, hupenyu hwega hweNikolai ostrovsky rakatanga kufadza. Mukadzi wemunyori akava mhuri yakamira yakamira yeOstrovsky Raisa Matsyuk.
Mukadzi akatsigira mudiwa munguva dzakaoma kwazvo uye akabatsira Nikolai Alekseevich alls kubasa uye asingarasikire kutenda mukati make. Mushure mekufa kwemurume wake, Raisa porfiryevna akananga Museum Of Ostrovsky muMoscow, achichengetedza iyo nhoroondo yeiyo biography, haawanzo photos uye chokwadi chinonakidza kubva kuhupenyu hwemunyori wemunyori.
Rufu
Mwedzi wangu wekupedzisira wehupenyu Nikolai ostrovsky akatsaurira chinyorwa chitsva. Munyori akagadzira munyori pamazuva nehusiku, achiwedzera nekunyorazve misoro yebhuku iri. Nehurombo, zvaisafanirwa kuisa pfungwa yekupedzisira: Musi waDecember 22, 1936 Nikolai Alekseevich haana. Vanachiremba vemazuva ano vanonzi chikonzero chekufa kweOstrovsky Sclerosis, pamwe nechirwere chinofambira mberi cheBekhteva.
Zvita 26, pazuva rechitsuwa chemariro, iro bhuku risina kupera kubva pamadziro emuparidzi: Basa racho rakarukwa uye rakanyorwa muzvinyorwa nguva.
Guva remunyori riri paMoscow Novderevichy Cemetery. Mushure mekufa kwaNikovsky, midziyo yakati wandei yakavhurwa mumaguta akasiyana, pamwe nemunyori momyuum muMoscow, Sichi, nyora. Zviitiko zvehupenyu hwaNikolai Alekseevich zvakaratidzwa muRogwaro rwevhidhiyo "Hupenyu husinganzwisisike hweNikovsky".
BHAIBHERI
- 1927 - "Nyaya ye" Kotevtsy "(autobiographical nyaya, manyoro arasika kana kutumira)
- 1934 - "Simbi yakaomeswa sei"
- 1936 - "Akazvarwa Dutu"