Biography
Akapinda mu "Big Troika" Vanyori vevanyori vari padare naAizev Asimov And Arthur Clark. Yakadzokororwa yakagashirwa mibairo yakakurumbira "Hugo" uye "inosanganisira". Zita rake rinoshambadzira uye martian cratter. Iyi ndiyo Robert Heinline, munyori weAmerican, uyo akanyanya kukurudzira nzira yekunyepedzera kwakaita sechienzi.Hudu uye Vechidiki
Robert enon Jainline akaberekerwa mutaundi reButler, Missouri, Chikunguru 7, 1907. Vabereki vake vaive nevana vanomwe, Robert - wechitatu. Mhuri yaigara mumhuri yeimba yemba, achiri mukomana anga asiri makore matatu. Panguva iyoyo baba vake vakawana basa muKansas City, uye mhuri iyi yakatamira ikoko.
Makore mana anopfuura mana, Robert anga ari pasekuru, kusvikira afa. Sekuru alva lyle yakaunza mucheche mukuru wechiitiko chenguva yemberi, kuita rudo rwekuverenga uye zvine chokwadi sainzi. Robert, mushure mekuyeuka kweasekuru, kazhinji aishandisa alias of lyle monroe, apo achangotanga basa remunyori.
Muna 1920, vakapinda pakati pechikoro chechipiri, Robert akafarira kuongorora nyeredzi. Dzidziso yekuzvidzora kwaCharles Darwin yakamufadza uye yakaratidzwa mukugadzira kwakazotevera. Anoda kuodza mari isiri-yakajairwa mumasvomhu, jaya rakashandisa mutambo wenguva pfupi, semuenzaniso, mune nyaya "... Uye akavaka domishko."
Mushure mekuchikoro, Heinline akasarudza kubatanidza rimwe upenyu nehuswa. Kuti uite izvi, zvaive zvakafanira kuti uise iyo Naval Academy, iyo yakazova dambudziko. Kutanga, kuitira kuti uwane mukana wekufamba nemisikidzwa miedzo, zvaive zvakafanira kuchengetedza chero nhengo dzeSeneti kana Congress.
Kechipiri, chikoro chakatorwa nemumwe wemhuri, uye mukoma mukuru waRobert anga atodzidziswa. Jaya racho raifanira kushanda nesimba - kuunganidza tsamba dzekurumbidza, akabva aenda kune Senator James A. Raa mutariro yekutsigirwa. Kwegore, Senator akagamuchira mavara zana kubva kune vangangove vanonyorera venyolis Academy, makumi mashanu vavo - kubva kuHenline.
Saka muna 1925, Robert akawana zvake uye akatanga zvidzidzo zvake nekushingaira. Mushure memakore mana, kuguma nenzvimbo yedzidzo, murume wacho aive mhirizhonga mukuputika, kurwa uye kupfura, uye zvakare akazoita makumi maviri mukupedza kudzidza kubva kuvanhu vanopfuura mazana maviri. Uye ini ndaigona kuve nzvimbo yechishanu, asi yakarasika nekuda kwematambudziko nechirango. Kusvika 1934, Robert akashanda muhondo, akabva amira akamanikidzwa nekuda kweTaberculosis kuti abve muuto rehondo.
Mabhuku
Russian zvinyorwa zvinyorwa zvinoparadzanisa hupenyu hwekugadzira kweHeineine kwenguva. Nekudaro, vatinoshanda navo, vanoshanda navo vanofarira kudzivisa kuparadzaniswa, sezvo paine mabasa anogara ari pedyo ne chero chipi zvacho.
NOLE yekutanga yeRobert Hainline - "Isu, isu," takashanduka kuti isabudirire. Nyaya dzesainzi dzakatanga kunyora nyaya dzinotenderera "nhoroondo yeramangwana" yakamuka. Century yezana yeXX yakabuda kusiyana nemunyori, asi kuma1980s akagadzira kutenderera kwenyika seyekucherechedzwa uye kururamisa kusawirirana kwechokwadi nenzwi.
Novel yekutanga yakabudiswa muna 1947 "Galileo Rocket Short". Pakutanga, bhuku racho harina kuda kudhinda, semunda wekutiza kune mwedzi waiita senge zvisina basa. Asi ngano yesainzi yakazowana muparidzi ndokutanga kusunungura bhuku racho gore rega rega, iro rakabva rapinda rinonzi mukomana wechidiki kutenderera.
Aya mabhuku anonakidza kumuverengi we chero zera, akapusa uye anochengetedza muchimiro, asi kwete mune zvemukati. Izvo hazvina kugara zvakaita kuti vanonyengera. Semuenzaniso, mu "pasi rakatsvuka", mupepeti haana kufarira nzira yekubereka pakati pevagari veMars uye kuti vechidiki vane chombo vane zvombo.
Yakakurumbira pakati pekunyepedzera kwevanoda "musuwo wezhizha" (1956) uye "Galay Citizen" (1957). Yekutanga imwe isina kumbobvira yazivikanwa seyakanakisa yesainzi yekunyepedzera nzwisiso.
Mukupera kwe50s, Robert Saintline akarambana nebasa romunyori wevechidiki. Izvi zvakaitika kuvonga kune iyo Novel "nyeredzi ichiverenga" - mhinduro inoshamisa yekudanwa kune iyo nyika kune nyika unilaterally kumisa bvunzo yenyukireya. Mushure meizvozvo, bhuku remunyori aipomerwa mhosva yehondo.
Kubva muna 1961, Robert akanyora vateereri vevakuru uye vakachinja zvakanyanya nf gent pachayo. Akave akakurumbira uye anozivikanwa seyakaonetsekana akatotaura nezvekutora kwevacherechedzi mumweya ari muEhrence kuti atsause muna 1969.
Heinline yakamutswa kwete zano rimwe, iro rakazova cliché renzvimbo yeNF. Semuenzaniso, pfungwa yevatorwa parinoparidza pazvipfeko, kuzviisa pasi kuda kwavo nepfungwa, sekureva kwavo "vanobika". NOLOL "orenji munyika yemumwe munhu", aive aine zita rekushanda "Hehetik", Heinline akanyora anopfuura makore gumi uye akaisa mari mune rondedzero yezvakaitika kare. Mushure mekuburitswa kwechiitiko, nyonganiso yakaitika nekuda kwekusagadzikana kwemifananidzo yemufananidzo wechitendero nebonde.
Muna 1960s, ngano yesainzi yakadzokera kumhando yekufungidzira, nekushandiswa kweanodzinza ayo akanyora muma1940 enyaya. "Road's Road" (1963) ndiyo chete "yakachena" kufungidzira kwemunyori. Satira, Anti-Nightpia, munyori uzivi akawedzerwa mukupedzisira basa. Iye munyori akashanda ane makore 48, uye zvino bhaibheri rayo rine makumi matatu nemaviri uye mabasa madiki madiki, kusanganisira 59 nyaya.
Kune mafirimu mana muHeinline: "Kuenda kuNzenza Kutora", "Kuenda - Mwedzi" Pane izvi chete, chete ndiye chete anogona kunzi emisikiro, nekuti mune mamwe mamiriro ezvinhu uye vatungamiriri vakanyatso kududzirwa neicho chinangwa chemunyori.
Hupenyu Hwako
Kekutanga, Heinline akasanganiswa nemuchato muna 1929 neElinor Curry, kujaira kuchikoro. Muchato wakamuka kuma1930. Elinor aisada kusiya guta rechibharo, uye basa remauto raRobert harireve zvimwe. Makore maviri gare gare, ramangwana raSainzi rondedzero zvakare vakaroora - pane zvematongerwo enyika vatezvara uye vanongova mukadzi anoshamisa Leslin McDonald.
Sezvo apedza basa remauto nekuda kwehurwere, Robert nekuunzwa kwemumwe mukadzi akaita zvezvematongerwo enyika kwakatakura vanhu vekunamata. Ipapo, muna 1938, akaedza kuenda kugungano remutemo, iro rakanga risingabatsiri.
Munguva yehondo, Robert akasangana nevirginia Gersvengafeld. Pakutanga, iye, kunyange akawira murudo, aisada kuparadza muchato naLeSlin, asi akaramba akarambana muna 1947, apo matambudziko akabatanidzwa nedoro zvakatanga. Kwapera gore, akaroora virinia.
Kuroora uku kwakazove kwakabudirira zvakanyanya - vakaroora vararame pamwe chete kwemakore makumi mana. Mukadzi akabatsira ngano uye akamutsigira, akapa mazano, aive ese muverengi wekutanga, uye maneja, uye munyori.
Ma1970s akaunza dambudziko kumunyori - kwemakore anopfuura maviri akarapwa kubva peritonitis. Muna 1978, mushure mekurwiswa kwakanyanya kwemwoyo Ischemia, Heineine vakatora coronary chinja. Akafambisa mashoma mashoma mabasa, mucherechedzo wakanyora zvimwe zvipfupi zvishanu. Uye kunyangwe muna 1983 akaenda kuAntarctica, uye zvisati zvaitika akashanyira mamwe makondinendi ese.
Rufu
Pakasvika 1987, heinlan awedzera kukura, aida kurapwa zvachose. Roberta naVirginia vaifanira kusiya imba yavo muBonnie Dun uye vatamira kuguta reKarmel. Chivabvu 8, 1988 Robert Heinline akafa muchiroto. Emphysema akapindira iyo Biography yemunyori weScience Science. Yakanga yakaiswa pasi, uye guruva rakabviswa pamafungu ePacific.
Mushure mekufa kwemunyori, muna 1989, mudzimai wake akapa muunganidzwa we "kugunun'una kubva paguva", iro rakapinda mumunyu wake nevaparidzi. MuChidimbu 1992 Kuunganidza "Inodiwa: Mutero kune ndangariro dzaTenzi" vakapinda nenyaya dzekutanga dzisina kuburitswa panguva yehupenyu hwemunyori.
Muna 2003, nove yekutanga "isu, tinogara", yakanyorwa muna 1939 uye yaifunga yakarasika. Uye nekuuya kweInternet, mapikicha aRobert Heinlayna, zvisikwa zvake uye madhiri mazhinji kubva mumabhuku eMukuru weSainzi Fiction aivepo kune vese.
BHAIBHERI
- 1941 - "Vana veMalfusail"
- 1942 - "Ikoko, Kupfuura"
- 1947 - "Galileo Rocket Short
- 1948 - "Space Cadet"
- 1949 - "Red Planet"
- 1950 - "Murimi kudenga"
- 1951 - "Vanobika"
- 1951 - "Pakati pemapuraneti"
- 1952 - "Nzvimbo Yemhuri"
- 1953 - "AstronauT Jones"
- 1954 - "Star Chikara"
- 1955 - "Muganda mudenga"
- 1956 - "nyeredzi mbiri"
- 1956 - "Nguva Yeyeredzi"
- 1956 - "Musuwo wezhizha"
- 1957 - "Galay Citizen"
- 1958 - "Kuchava neJade - Kuchava nerwendo"
- 1959 - "Star Kupfuura"
- 1961 - "Mweni Munyika Yevatorwa"
- 1963 - "Kushatisa Kwechisikwa"
- 1963 - "Road Road"
- 1963 - "Martian Podkin"
- 1964 - "Farnham's Free Force"
- 1966 - "Mwedzi - Hondo Hondo"
- 1970 - "Ini handisi Snack" ("Kupfuura Mupata weMova Movha")
- 1973 - "Nguva Yakakwana Yerudo"
- 1979 - "Nhamba yechikara"
- 1982 - "Chishanu"
- 1984 - "Mabasa, kana kusekwa kweruramisiro"
- 1985 - "Katsi inopfuura nepamadziro"
- 1987 - "Float yezuva"
- 2003 - "Tinogara"