Biography
Zera resirivheri rakapa mabhuku eRussia mazita akajeka. Mumwe wevanhu veRussia Expressionism leonid Andrev neyezvemaitiro ake ezvekutarisa anoitika mune yakanyanya kuwanda yetarenda retsanga yeiyo Xix mazana emazana emakore.Hudu uye Vechidiki
Musi wa9August 9, 1871, mumhuri ye AMBarer-mutero Nikolai Ivanovich muridzi wePolish Landsover Anastasia Nikolavna, mukomana Nee, akaberekwa. Akadanidzirwa Leonid akadanwa, uye aive akagadzirirwa kunyora mumabasa emangwana, achiri pamwoyo, akavanda tambo dzakavanzika dzemweya wemunhu.
MaTreevs aigara muguta reOrel pane 2nd Pushkar Street - iyo iyo iyo iyo munyori akaiswa parutivi nevanyori veimwe yekutanga yenhau yake "bargamot uye garaska". Pakasvika nguva yekuzvarwa kwemwana, mhuri yeAmibarer yakazowana zvimwe zvishoma kugadzikana kwemari.
Baba vaLeonid vakaremekedzwa nevavakidzani vane hunhu uye kuda kururamisira. Nehurombo, Nikolai Ivanovich aida kunwa, uye kunwa kuti arwe. Leonid Andreev akazotaura kuti akagarwa nhaka kubva kuna baba vake, doro. Uye kubva kuna mai, akanyatsodzidziswa zvisina kunaka, asi nekufungidzira kwakapfuma, chipo chokugadzira.
Mune oryel Classical Gymnasium, ramangwana racho rakamhura maoko ake uye kunyange kuramba rakaramba rakaramba riri gore rechipiri. Kuti ainyatsotarisirwa, saka izvi ndizvo zvakanyorwa zvekuti kazhinji akanyorera vaaidzidza navo. Ipapo Leonid akaratidza tarenda rekutevedzera - aigona "kuti" fake "chimiro, semuenzaniso, chekhovov kana tolmatoy.
Uye kubva ndichiri mudiki, mukomana aida kuverenga, uye sezvaakanyora mune autobiography, "mabhuku akakora". Asi chokwadi chekuti mwana uyu achava munyori, mumakore iwayo hapana munhu anofungidzira, kusanganisira leatei.
Mumakore apfuura, Leonid aifarira kudhirowa. Maiwe, muguta renyuwe pakanga pasina mukana wekuwana ruzivo rwakakosha pakupenda, munyori anozozvidemba. Uye nguva nenguva ichiri kutorwa kuti ibviswe - kune chikamu chebasa rake reLeonid Andreed amene pachake akasika mifananidzo.
Kunyora kwakura kubva pakuverenga. Leonid kuverenga zvakawanda: Tolstoy, Hartmanna, Schenpenham. Ivo vakapedzisira vaine basa rakakura pabasa remunyori, kunyanya bhuku rinoti "Runyararo sechido uye mharidzo", imwe yemabhuku aanoda uye etreeva. Pasi pesimba revanyori vanodiwa mumakore gumi nemashanu, murume wechidiki akatanga kutambudzika "mibvunzo yakataurwa."
Ipapo Sireevi akazvipa chipikirwa kuti aparadze mabasa ake nerudo, Tsika, chitendero uye "kupedzisa hupenyu hwavo nenguva dzese." Mutsara uyu wazivikanwa kune vazukuru nekuda kwemunyori weRussia, iyo yeristemary yeAnreva Vasily Bruylynin.
Andreev aisaziva kurarama zvakadzikama, mune yake biography kune akawanda makona akapinza - kuyedza kuzviuraya, mabvi mabvumirano marefu, rudo rusingaperi. Kazhinji, izwi rekuti "kuda" hazvigoneke kuoneka zvizere pfungwa dzinorwadza uye dzakavanzika dzemunyori. Kuda kwaari yaive simba rekutyaira, zvisikwa zvinodiwa.
Semudzidzi weMutemo Fakita reSt. Petersburg University, Leonid yakamanikidza kudzidza nekuda kwekuda kwekuzviuraya nekuda kwemanzwiro asina kudzidziswa. Chimwe chikonzero chekubuda kuyunivhesiti yaive kufa kwaBaba. Mamiriro emari emhuri akazungunuka, uye, semhedzisiro, akanyangarika mukana wekubhadhara zvidzidzo zvavo. Ipapo Andreev akatanga kunwa - uye kunyora. Nyaya yekutanga nezve mudzidzi ane nzara akazviratidza chaizvo panguva iyoyo, asi haana kumugamuchira muhofisi yekudyara.
Akaenderera mberi nemunyori wake wevadzidzi pachinzvimbo chefakisi yeMoscow University. Leonid akawana hupenyu hwake uye nemhuri yake yevana venhera nekudzidzisa. Akanyorawo mifananidzo kurongeka. Mudzidzi wejaya uyu aisada zvezvematongerwo enyika, kusiyana nevechidiki, asi uzivi hweNietzsche.
Kunyanya padyo naye pakanga paine pfungwa dzekusarongeka kwehupenyu uye kukosha kwemunhu pachako. Kuve pamba pazororo muna 1894, Leonid Warova murudo zvakare, uye zvakare usabudirira. Mumwe akaedza kuzviuraya akatevera. Mushure meizvozvo, Andreev vakagamuchira chirwere chisingaperi (chirwere chemoyo), chakazombomuki.
Kubudirira kupedzisa yunivhesiti muna 1897, munyori aiita zvegweta zviitiko kusvika 1902. Panguva imwecheteyo, Andreev akashanda semutori venhau muMoscow Editions - "Courier" uye "Moscow Bulletin".
Mabhuku
Muna 1898, nyaya yeNiireva "Bargamot uye Garaska" yakadhindwa muchitunha kekutanga. Uye kubwinya kwacho kwakauya kumunyori muna 1901, mushure mekuburitswa mubhuku remagazini "emagazini" raigara. ' Pasina nguva Leonid Andreev akasiya gweta uye akanyatsotora mabhuku.
Vakaridza madekwana anonyora, vakaunza kujairana nekubika, bunin nevamwe vanyori, vakabatikana sekushora kwakapora uye zano. Basa remunyori rakacherechedzwa maxim Gorky uye akabatsira kusunungura kuunganidzwa kwekutanga kwenyaya, uye kutenderera kukuru. Yakanga yakwana zvina zvakakonzerwa nekuzivikanwa.
"Rarama," "ngirozi", "Valya", "Kulya" - ivo vasina kuoma uye panguva imwe chete yakatsemuka yechokwadi, kukurudzira tsitsi dzemutauro. Iwo mavara enhau anogara padyo - Hongu pane imwe chete 2nd pushkin muOrel.
Nhau dzakaburitswa muna 1902 dzakakonzera kupisa spores. Iye munyori aitaura nezve izvo zvaionekwa seyanyarara, "nezve rima romunhu wemunhu, nezvekutya, nezvematambudziko, ayo ari mumamiriro ezvinhu anorwadzisa ari nyore mupfungwa dzevanhu, semuenzaniso, mune nyaya "Gomba rakadzika".
"Red" Red "Andreva, iyo mifananidzo inoratidzika yeiyo Russian-Hondo yeGumi ye1904, kunyanya kutyisa. Iye munyori iyeye haana kurwiwa, asi pakanga paine nhoroondo dzepepanhau dzakakwana uye nyaya dzezvakakwana, zvekuti hupfumi hwakafungidzirwa hwemunyori uye muimbi akazosimudzira pendi inotyisa yehondo yehondo.
Pazororo rinotevera rehupenyu hwekugadzira yeAndrev vakasimbisa mabara, anotamba, zvinyorwa, tale: "Diary yaSatani", "iye anogamuchira kurohwa", "Israaii. Israeri Israeri yakakonzera kukakavara kwakawanda uye nokusafadzwa nevatendi, nekuti mune iyi nyaya vaapositori - vanhuwo zvavo, kwete mutorwa, uye Judhasi - murume asina kugadzikana. Iyo nyaya yakabudiswa muchiGerman, Chirungu uye French, akapona nhovo akati wandei.
Chinhu chekukwira kweiyo Leonid Andreeva kubva pane maonero ekufunga kwevanyori vatsoropodzi ndiko kusakwanisa kunongedzera kumabasa emunyori kune rumwe rutivi mumabhuku. Nzira dzakasiyana-siyana dzakasiyana-siyana dzakashandiswa nemunyori, chimiro chakanyanyisa kusarudzika.
Hupenyu Hwako
Muna 1902, Andreev akasanganiswa nemuchato naAlexandra Valigrorskaya, vazukuru veTaras Shevchenko, uye mugore rimwe chete rakaberekerwa dangwe raDadhi. Muna 1906, mwanakomana waDjeri, uye Alexander akafa kubva padzinga pospark.
Muna 1908, Leonid Andreeev akaroora kechipiri - paAnna Ilinichna Denevevich (Karnitskaya). Kubva kumuchato wechipiri akaberekerwa vana veSava (1909) uye valentine (1912) uye mwanasikana waVera (1910). Vese vana vashanu vaive, sababa, vanhu vanosika.
Kwete vazhinji vanoziva chokwadi chinonakidza kubva kuhupenyu hwemunyori: Leonid Andreev yakanga isiri kuseka kune iyo ruvara rwemifananidzo. Achiri kutariswa mumwe wevatenzi vakanaka kwazvo munyika vakashanda muVatoryHrom Technique. Lumiere Brothers akagadzira maitiro aya, uye kusvika 1935 ndiyo nzira chete yekuwana mavara emavara.
Rufu
Iyo October Rumpolution ya1917 haina kugamuchira munyori, bolshevika vakamutadzisa. Mugore rekugamuchira rusununguko rwekuzvimiririra, Leonid Andreev aigara munyika ino uye nekudaro aive akatama. Ikoko, mutaundi raManzwi, Nyamavhuvhu 12, 1919, Leonid Andreev akafa. Izvo zvinokonzeresa rufu rusununguko rwakanga rwuri mumoyo. Kuviga Munyori ari pedyo, kuMaribha.
Muna 1956, Guruva raSreev rakaburitswa muLeningrad pane mapoka emhumhi. Asina kukanganwika zvisina kujeka mumusha wemunharaunda yemunyori anorangarira, uye kubvira 1956 mabasa ake akasarudzwa anowanzo kuiswa. Nhaka yasara iyo munyori, inosanganisira nyaya 89, zvidimbu makumi maviri, 8 nyaya uye zvinyorwa. Pfungwa dzakachengetedzwa nemunyori mumuromo maHagari kana wekutanga-munhu akanyorwa nemakotesheni. Kubva 1991, Leoniid Andreeva House Museum yanga ichishanda muOrel.
BHAIBHERI
Zvidimbu
- 1906 - kune nyeredzi
- 1907 - Hupenyu hwevanhu
- 1907 - Savva
- 1908 - Mambo Nzara
- 1908 - Masiki akasviba
- 1909 - Anatama
- 1909 - Mazuva ehupenyu Hwedu
- 1910 - Anfisa
- 1910 - Gaudeamus.
- 1911 - Ocean
- 1912 - Ekaterina Ivanovna
- 1912 - Professor Storitsyn
- 1913 - Akanaka Sabineans
- 1913 - Usauraya
- 1914 - Kufunga
- 1914 - Samusoni muOkuvas
- 1915 - Iye anowana kurova
- 1915 - Inodiwa.
- 1917 - Zvikomo Zvekunaka
- 1922 - Imbwa Waltz
Nhandare uye tale
- 1903 - Hupenyu hweVasiki vashoma
- 1904 - Red Rukuseka
- 1907 - Israeri Israeri
- 1908 - zvinyorwa zvangu
- 1908 - Nyaya inenge nomwe dzakasungirirwa
- 1911 - Sasha Zagulav
- 1916 - igo hondo
- 1919 - Diary yaSatani