Biography
Kusvika pakudya, pfungwa inorwadza inosiya muverengi "zuva revakafa", iro rakajeka, rugare rwepfungwa runopa kuverenga kwe "zhizha raIshe". Izvi zvakasiyana neboka rimwe nerimwe rakagadzirwa IVAN SHMELEVA anozivikanwa nemunyori kwete kumusha kwake, asiwo kunze kwenyika.
Munyori weRussia, akapona pakufa kwekutanga kwaBaba vake, kupokana nekudanwa kwehumambo, kuuraya kwemwanakomana wake uye kumanikidza nyika yake kaviri kuti vagamuchire mubairo weNobel, asi havana kuvhunduka. Munyori akapedza makore ekupedzisira ehupenyu muhurombo mukutama. Muna 2000, masara eSchmeeven akanunurwa kuRussia uye akabvarura muguta guru.
Hudu uye Vechidiki
Pasinei nenyaya yekuti Sekuru Ivan Svemelev mumutsara waBaba yaive mutenderedzwa kubva mudunhu kuenda kuMoscow, munyori wechiuya akaberekerwa mumhuri yakachengetedzwa. Papa yake sergei Ivanovich yakarongedzwa kune iyo nhaka yezvikwereti uye yakaronga vavezi artl. Iye zvakare ndewekutiza akati wandei. Mumumwe mukadzi, akasarudza mwanasikana wake kuSerchant evilampia Savinov. Gumiguru 3 (maererano nechimiro chekare - Nyamavhuvhu 21), 1873, mukadzi wake akamupa mwanakomana, ainzi Ivan mukuremekedza sekuru nasekuru.
Nehukama hwaitonhora uye hwakaoma, hukama hwaIvan hwakagara huchitonhora, kunyangwe hwaive hweEvremia Gavrilovna, uyo akawana dzidzo kuInstitute yemusikana akanaka, akadzidzisa mwanakomana wake kuti averenge veRussia classics. Nguva yakawanda, mukomana akapedza nababa vake uye vatenzi vakarovesa. Pakanga paine pakati pavo neMikhail Pankratovich Gorkin - anonyanya kujaira yeOrthodoxy, muvakuru akasiya basa uye nekukumbira kweSergey Ivanovich akatarisa kune yake mudiki Wanney Wanney Wanney Wanney Wakatarisa. Zvinotendwa kuti pasi pesimba rake uye vakaumba kufarira kweSchmerev kune chitendero.
Iye mukomana paaive aine makore manomwe, baba vakadonha kubva kubhiza uye vakatadza kupora. Amai vakaramba vari vega nevana vatanhatu. Akararama pamarisiti kubva kuBhathi; Mukuwedzera, ivo vakadzingira pasi peimba yechitatu yeimba nenzvimbo yepasi. Happy, Serene nguva yehudiki yakazopera, kana aine makore gumi nematatu Vanya yaendeswa mukamuri rakazvimiririra, iro rakanga rakamira padyo neimba, kune yekutanga Moscow Gymnasium. Mudzidzi wake mazviri akazorangarira sezvo nguva yakaoma kwazvo yehudiki. "Kutonhora, vanhu vanooma," achanyora nezve vadzidzisi gare gare.
Nekuda kwekushamisika uye kusawirirana nevadzidzisi mumakore akati wandei, Shmelev akatsiva nzvimbo yekufunda. Akapedza kudzidza kubva kune yechitanhatu Moscow Gymnasium muna 1894, nepo mudzidzi asina kutora hafu yeyakaenzana menduru yegoridhe. Shmeelev anouya kuyunivhesiti yeMoscow panguva yekuita kwehukama, uye gore gare gare muJurnal "ongororo yeRussia" akaburitsa jaya "
Mabhuku
Akafuridzirwa nebhuku rekutanga, makore maviri gare gare, ShmeELev anosarudza kuburitsa muunganidzwa wenyaya "pamawere eValaam". Mvumo yemunyori yakaungana parwendo rwekuenda kumamongi. Asi iyo Contery yehumambo haibvumiri kudhinda basa racho, kumanikidza munyori kuti abvise ndima dzakaoma. Rakabudiswa tichifunga nezvemataurirwo ezvinyorwa zveiyo chinyorwa chevaverengi vasina hanya, uye munyori akanyadziswa anotora kumbomira mukugadzira, ayo anononoka kwemakore 9.
Sezvo akati agamuchira dzidzo uye akashanda gore rehondo, ShomeEle nemukadzi wake neMwanakomana wake vakatamira kuVladimir. Munyori anoshanda semutungamiriri webasa rakakosha pasi peVladimir Kazan Chamber Chamber of the Ministry of of Ministry of Yenyaya Dzemukati. Kubva 1905, Ivan Sergevich anovandudza basa pamabasa uye anonyora maxim gorky achikumbira mamwe acho. Munyori anogadzira nyaya nenhau, pakati pawo "murume mudiki."
Kudzokera kuguta guru, iyo ShmeLev muna 1909 inobatana nharaunda. Circuary yazvino inosanganisira Ivan Bunin, Alexander Kuprin nevamwe vanyori, pamwe neFector Shalyapin. Vanyori vakabatanidza chete misangano, asiwo kushandira pamwe ne "vanyori vevanyori muMoscow", vanyori vane vanhu vanosvika Bunin naShilemev.
Muna 1911, nyaya "murume kubva muresitorendi" inobudiswa. Pashure pemakore gumi nematanhatu, kujaira kwebasa, kudhirowa kudonha kwetsika, kwakagadzirwa neSoviet Director Yakov Protazanov. Pamakore makumi mana, Shimelev anova anozivikanwa semunyori wezvinyorwa uye anotungamira pane mutengesi uye neasants. Achitsanangura zviyero, kuona hupenyu hwake hunorema, munyori ane mvumo inosangana nezviitiko zvaFebruary 1917. Nekudaro, kuenderana kwekuvhiringidzika uye kune mhirizhonga inokurumidza kutendeuka tariro mukuodzwa mwoyo uye kushungurudzika.
Kuona kuparadzwa kwekushaya kwehukama, asiwo hutsika hwekutarisira, hutsika hutsinye, hutsinye hwekuita uye mhirizhonga nemukadzi wake neMwanakomana, iye akarwa pamberi pehondo yekutanga yenyika, achisiya muCrimea. Pano mhuri iyi inowana imba uye zano, IVan Sergeevich inonyora nyaya yehondo yehondo "sezvazvaive" uye inotanga nyaya "mutorwa" mutorwa ". Asi iyo bumblebee ichingopinda munguva pfupi yekugara kure nezvinhu zvinosiririsa. Mauto matsvuku anogara nemhosva uye, kunyangwe kuedza uye tsamba dzaBaba, Sergey-ane makore 25 okusimbisa Shmelev akaurayiwa.
Munyori ane hupenyu hwakaputswa nekurasikirwa, akabata mamwe makore maviri pamativi, uye anobva ematenderi kuEurope. Pakutanga anomira muBerlin, uye akabva aenda kuParis. Muguta guru reFrance, ShmeLev anozobata chiyero chehupenyu.
Nguva pfupi kutama, "zuva revakafa" - inonakidza, kudhirowa hushingi hwezviitiko zvecancolutionary muRussia. "Verenga izvi kana uine ushingi hwakakwana," akadaro basa remunyori weGerman Thomas Mann, uye Alexander Solzhenz
Kutya kuguma kwemurume, Kuona kuparadzwa kwemazana emakore eiyo tsika yekudyidzana uye kutsiva tsika, iyo ShmeLev inogadzira nyaya-mapaipi. Muhafu yechipiri yevanoita makumi maviri vanonakidza, nottalgia inotsiviwa nenzira yekare. "Kwekudya Kwemasikati", "Rwiyo Russian" - Nhaurwa idzi dzinozadzwa nerondedzero dzinopenya dzeLorthodox zororo, hupenyu, tsika.
Iyo yepamusoro yeiyi nhanho inova nyaya "BOGOMol" uye yechokwadi "Ishe Shez". Zvinokosha kuziva kuti mabasa akagadzirwa achifananidza. Mabhuku ese ari maviri akawana mukurumbira mukuru pakati pevaRussia vanobva kuRussia.
Nekuvimbika uye kudziya, munyori anomutsa mamiriro ekunze ehuduku, uye narwo - akarasikirwa neye-Russia Russia. Kekutanga, "zhizha raIshe" rinobudiswa muna 1933 muBelgrade, "Boogol" - muna 1935 ipapo. Kumusha weShmelev, mabhuku ari munyika chete mukupera 80s.
Nguva yekupedzisira yekukwira kwemunyori weRussia yakanyorwa nemusha wakasungirirwa munyika yokumusha kwake. ShmeELEV anowedzera kumemodzi yeiyo pea ye 1896 uye inogadzira chinyorwa "chalaam". Muna 1936, vachishandisa rudzi rwerudzi rwakati, novel "Nanny kubva kuMoscow" anonyora, iyo heroine huru iyo mukadzi akura ari mukuda kuenda kuKuenda kuKufamba.
ShmeLev akanyanya kuvenga hurumende yeBolsheviti yekuti Akatora kurwisa kwevaFascist muUSSR sehunhu hwaMwari. Mutsamba yeVazivi ILAN ILYIN, kurwiswa kweGerman kunonzi "kujekesa kweiyo knight, kwakaratidza tariro yekuti rutsananguro rweCommunist ruchazivhura nzira yeumbozha uye yetsika nyika.
Muna 1948, Ivan Sergevich akatanga kushanda pane bhuku racho "nzira yekudenga." Basa racho rakaramba risina kupera nekuda kwekufa kwemunyori, asi zvichienderana nezvei zvitsauko zvakasikwa zviri pachena kuti aida kuratidza kushandisa kwehove dzaMwari munyika chaiyo iri munyika chaiyo.
Munguva yeSoviet, basa raShemelev rairidzwa seanti-Soviet. Shambidza mabhuku emunyori weEgions akatanga kungogadziridza. Muna 1993, museum imba yakavhurwa muAlusta, uye munguva pfupi munyori akawana kuzivikanwa munyika yokumusha kwake.
Hupenyu Hwako
Ivan Shemelev akaroora makore makumi maviri, munguva pfupi inotevera kuyunivhesiti. Mukadzi wake akava olga Ahga. Zita rekupedzisira risingazivikanwe rakatsanangurwa kubva kune yakabva kumhuri yakanaka yekuwedzera. Madzitateguru ake akatamira kuRussia pakupera kwezana ramakore rechi 18. Baba Alexander Alexandrovich akave gamba rekudzivirira kweSevastopol.
Muchato waine Olga Alexandrovna akafara, pamwe chete nevaviri vakararama kwemakore makumi mana. Wakanga uri mudzimai munguva pfupi mushure mekuzvarwa kwemweya Serezha muna 1896, akanyengetedza munyori weumbozha kuti ashanyira Valaam. Akafa muna 1936. Ivan Sergeevich akamupwanya kwemakore gumi nematatu.
Rufu
Pamwe chete nevamwe vanyori veRussia kusimuka, Ivan Bunin uye Dmitry Merryvsky Shmerev, kaviri, inosanganisirwa muhuwandu hwevanyoreri emubairo weNobel. Kunyange zvakadaro, akatadza kuve anokunda. Iye mukuru wacho akazova munyori, mamwe matambudziko mazhinji aakasangana nazvo.
Ivan Shemelev akafa muna 1950, June 24. Iko kukonzera rufu kwaive kurwiswa kwemoyo. Akavigwa pamakuva eguta reSer-GenevEve de Boua, asi zvino anoramba achizorora mudura reMonastery, iri muguta guru reRussia. Iyo yekudzoreredzwa yakaitwa muna 2000. Zvasara zveOolga neSergey ShmeEleva pano.
BHAIBHERI
- 1897 - "Pamakiromita eValaam"
- 1907 - "Citizen UKlayikin"
- 1911 - "Munhu anobva kumaresitorendi"
- 1913 - "Wolf Dock"
- 1916 - "Sigi Mazuva"
- 1918 - "UNLYUNTE Bowl"
- 1927 - "Nezve Mumwe Mukadzi wekare"
- 1927 - "Ruzivo Rwerudo"
- 1923 - "Zuva Revakafa"
- 1933 - "Ishe Tenzi"
- 1935 - "Bogomol"
- 1935 - "Valaam"
- 1936 - "Nanny from Moscow"
Quotes
"Zuva rezuva rinotyisa - uye iye zvino girazi rinodhura kupfuura munhu." "Roudedzi risina chinhu harizi risina chinhu, rakanyorwa nezvimedu zvehupenyu hwevanhu." "- Handisi kuzourayiwa na Izvi uye kwete wakakamurwa, makwara haana kukwana, asi akavanzika kubva pakuchenjera uye anonzwisisa. "Chokwadi Zvinonakidza
- Kekutanga nekenza, Ivan Shemelev akange achiri munhandare yechitanhatu. Mudzidzi anosanganisirwa murugwaro rwebasa retemberi remazwi anonunura embeu dzaNadon, dzaakagamuchira "unit," yakarasikirwa nemubvunzo ndokugara kwegore rechipiri. Zvinoenderana nokureurura kwake, nekuti ipapo neruzivo rusingaperi.
- Semwana, airwara nekucheka kutya nekuda kwekutya zvachose kwaamai. Panzvimbo pekunyengetedza, evilampia gavrilovna yakatorwa kuti rugs. Kana zvichinzi Mwanakomana anokatamisa chiduku, akapa brace.
- Rudo rwekutanga rwakapukunyuka pamakore masere, asi munguva pfupi manzwiro acho achinja nezviitiko zvitsva. Iko kufungidzira kwehudiki kuita hwaro hwechirevo "cherudo" cha1927, icho muna 2006, iyo yaroslavl multiprier Alexander Petrov akagadzira firimu raigadzira firimu raigadzira.