Biography
Nyaya dzinozivikanwa mutongi maviri, wainzi Nebhukadhinezari. Asi kana wekutanga aigara muXii century BC uye haana kusiya tarisiro mutsika yenyika, ipapo Nebhukadhinezari II, uyo akabata ushe mumazana emakore pamberi pezhizha razvino, "hernate" zvekuti akawira pamapeji eBhaibheri. Zita remutungamiriri rakaiswa mumutsara mumwe naJulia Keesari, Alexander Makedonia uye Mithridate. Verengi vakaratidza zvinhu zvemaNapoleon muMambo wekare wekare Bhabhironi.
Mutongi aive nemukurumbira wekuvakwa kwezvishamiso zviviri zvepasi - shongwe yeBabironi uye minda yakarembera yemariramidhi. Uye, zvakadaro - chisinganzwisisike chirwere chakashungurudzwa naNebhukadhinezari kwemakore manomwe uye chakashanduka kuita mufananidzo wekunze kweBhaibheri, izvo zvaisazokuvadza kuti uve nemubatanidzwa wese wemubatanidzwa.
Hudu uye Vechidiki
Zuva chairo rekuzvarwa kweMwanakomana wemuvambi weNovavvihlon (kana Caldean) Humambo hweNabhapala hausi. Fonera zuva rakaringana rekutaridzika kweNabu-Kudurry-usur (saka zita reNebhukadhinezari): kusvika pa630 BC. Mushure memakore makumi maviri, tsarevich yakatobata yakakosha mauto kutumira uye kutora chikamu mukushambadzira kwababa.
Mbeu yedzinza uye mumiriri akajeka wedzinza akazvisiyanisa kubva kumubereki: Kana Nabhapa asina kubva kuvanhu ndokusimbisa mari iri nyore, mwanakomana ainongedzera kumidzi yake yeNoram-suene, tsar ngano .
Hapana chinozivikanwa nezvehuduku hwenyama yemuchinda, asi muhuduku hwake, iye anoshingairira hunyanzvi hwehondo, uye muna 607-606 BC. Vaviri vane mubereki vakaraira mauto.
Nhoroondo dzechokwadi
Mazuva ano, Nebhukadhinezari II aizodaidzwa kuti maneja anoshanda kana maneja ane bradiant. Kutanga biography kubva kumakwikwi ehurumende akabudirira, munguva pfupi akatanga kuchinja zvakanyanya mumagariro uye emutemo mudziyo weBabironi. Mudiki Nebhukadhinezari akaberekerwa kubatira kuMiddle East. Vakataura nguva katatu muJudhiya vakatora Jerusarema.
Munguva yekukunda kwekupedzisira kweguta reNebhukadhinezari rakazviparadza, kusvikira nheyo ikaparadza tembere yaSoromoni. "BHUKU Bhabhironi", iro raisanganisira tarisiro yakataura nhoroondo yevaJudha, zvinoreva kufadza kuuranda hwevagari vapenyu veJudhiya.
Mutungamiriri naShip David, vakasiyana naBaba vake, vakakwanisa kuisa kuridza mhere kuvaIjipita, avo vakambonyadzisa Bhabhironi rinoparadza kupaza. Muna 605 BC Tsarevich, panzvimbo paBaba, akaenda kundorwa naNoho, Farao Ejipita. Mune zviremera, ivo vaibva vaya vePalestine vasina simba, Siria neHurumende yeFenikiya.
Nebhukadhinezari aine uto akamanikidza Yufrate uye asingatarisirwi akarova musasa weIjipita, ari pasi pemadziro eguta rake guru rehukuru - guta-iro nhare-fortress karhemyshi. Mutungamiriri weBhabhironi akatyora uto raFarao, achiparadza zviuru zviviri kubva muzvikamu zviviri kubva muzvikamu zviviri kubva muzvikamu zviviri.
Munguva yemushandirapamwe wemauto, pakati paAugust 605 BC, Nebhukadhinezari akadzidza nezverufu rwemubereki. Akadzokera kuBhabhironi uye mushure memavhiki matatu akachema. Kupinda mheni kupinda mukodzero uye nekukurumidza kunodzokera kumahara emauto airatidza kuti Nyika yaive mumaoko akasimba.
Kwemakore matatu, ihwo hondo yaNebhukadhinezari, madenderedzwa echiGiriki uye akakunda Syria, Palestine, Judhiya uye mashoma humambo hushoma. Asi mune mazana matanhatu, rombo rakanaka kubva kuna mambo, uye mushure mekukurumidza kukundwa, akadzokera kuBhabhironi kuzorodza kurasikirwa kwemunhu nezvinhu.
Mushure memakore matatu, mambo weBhabheri akakwanisa kudzokera kuimba yechiJudha, akagamuchirwa pakati paKurume 597 BC. Kubvunda kwamambo waJoachim, uyo akavhura suwo pamberi pehondo yaNebhukadhinezari. IOCimu iye amene haana kuboora mukundi, kutengesa kuurayiwa kwake.
Munguva yenguva dzekutendeuka pakati pechiuto chechiuto uye kudzvinyirira kwekupikiswa kunodzora kuBhabhironi, Nebhukadhinezari akafukidza nyika. Kubudirira kwayo kwakabatwa pane zvevhu zviratidzo zvinowanikwa nevanochera matongo. Zvinyorwa zvinoratidza kuti mambo anovakwazve akaparadzwa nevanopamba zvevaIjipita uye zvimwe zvinunura Bhabhironi, achichinjika kusvika pakati pekutengeserana kwenyika dzese.
Akaroora nevanasikana veVakunda Vadar Amityis (vanozivikanwa seSemicircuit), murume womurume worudo akaunza mukadzi wake, akasvina nyika ine makomo uye yegirini, "minda yakarembera." Yakagashirwa ruzivo uratsanangurire se4-tier piramidhi kubva pamapuratifomu dzakatsigirwa nemakoramu. Mapuratifomu aive akafukidzwa netsanga yakasanganiswa neasphalt, saka zvidhinha zvakaunza neye gypsum solution. Pamusoro pekuisa mahwendefa kubva kutungamira, uye pamusoro pavo denderedzwa renyika yakaorera.
Pamatsenga pakanga paine miriwo ine moyo, maruva, shrub nemiti. Mbeu uye mhodzi yebindu rakanaka rakaunzwa kubva kuumambo hwese. Kudiridza kwakaitika nekupa mvura kubva kune Yuferrates kuburikidza inotsigira makoramu. Huge "murombo" neanodiridzwa gore rese zvirimwa zvakagamuchira zita reGadheni rakarembera dzeSemiramidies kubva kune vakararama.
Mumwe murume akaonga akabereka mambo wevana vakati wandei, asi nyaya yacho yaingova zita reMuuraye wemuuraye wemugari mukuru - mwanakomana waAmel marduk.
Wokupedzisira, ndiani ainakidzwa nerunako uye runyerekupe rwevarembera, aive Alexander Makedonia, akabata Bhabhironi muna 331 BC. Pasi pemumvuri wemiti iyi, akafa. Pashure porufu rweminda yeArexander, iyo semiramidhi yakawira mukuora. Mafashama akatorwa nheyo, uye mapuratifomu akawira pasi.
Kuva "minda yakaturika" inozivikanwawo kune iyo 90-metres zigkuta yeEetemenana, iyo yakava prototype yeshongwe yeBabironi. Nebhukadhinezari akakwira muguta, iyo vanhu zviuru mazana maviri vaigara vanhu vazhinji-zviuru zviviri. Pamhepo kunze kweBabironi, iyo inzvimbo inodanwa neEsagil, imwe chete yakaoma nayo yaive 7-Store zigururete yeEtemenana, yakavakwa muchimiro chesiramidhi yakabikwa. Munhoroondo yeBhaibheri yePiramidhi yakagamuchira zita rekuti "Shongwe yeBhabhironi". Vakararama panguva yamunomuziva nechimwe chishamiso chenyika chakazviratidza kuna Nebhukadhinezari.
Anoshamisa mukunaka kwekuvaka kweMambo weBhabheri ainzi Bhabhironi Gedhi reIshtar - A Arch Arch, iyo yakavhurira mugero munzira yeiyo midziyo yeiyo marepa. Iyo chimiro cheiyo yakagadziriswa glaze yeiyo yekudenga, yakajeka yero, chena uye dema maruva, midziyo yemhuka. Architectural chishamiso chakapona nanhasi.
Nhoroondo yeBhaibheri
MuTesitamende yekare, TSar Bhabhironi neAsiria rinoratidzwa sevaSisitorosi uye mudzvanyiriri wevanhu vechiJudha. Kana iwe uchitenda kuti: Mumakore ekupedzisira ekutonga kwaNebhukadhinezari, akazviunza kuna Mwari, akarwara nezvirwere zvakaipa uye zvinoshamisa, izvo zvaimutambudza kwemakore manomwe.
Mubhuku remuporofita Danieri, zvinonzi mambo, dzimba dzekunze, tembere dzeBabironi, dzakapihwa meso okutonga kutonga kwake, enzanisawo simba rake pamusoro pemakundano. Nekuti izvi, Musiki wakamutumidza kuti arangwe ravhunganga; akatasva kubva kuvanhu vaNebhukadhinezari, sembambo, vakadya uswa. Musoro waive wakafukidzwa ne lione mane, uye mapoka akasimuka mumaoko nemakumbo, seshiri.
Masayendisiti emazuva ano anoziva mune zviratidzo zvinotsanangurwa nezviratidzo, anonzi Licycopy. Iyi inzvimbo yepfungwa yemunhu inoita kunge ichipinda mumhuka. Chikamu chinorema chechirwere chinoreva kutevedzera kwemurwere wechikara. Munhu anofamba pamusoro pemakumi mana kana, seshiri, "vachisimudza" maoko-mapapiro, vachiedza kubvisa. "
Masayendisiti uye vanyori venhoroondo vanopokana kuti Nebhukadhinezari angadai anga ari mumakore manomwe, ekugadzirisa makore manomwe uye asingakwidzirwi nehasha, vapristi nevanhu. Vatsigiri venhoroondo yeBhaibheri nezve "mambo-blunt" pfungwa dzaNebhukadhinezari yakakwira chaizvo, nezve izvo, zvakapora, iye akarega, akakwenenzverwa mukuratidzwa kwakaratidzwa.
Vanotenda vanonzi kurwa kwamambo "hove kubva kuna Mwari", uye kudzoreredza kusungirirwa nekuziva kwaNebhukadhinezari wekukosha kwavo kuMusikadzi. Maonero Akaunzotyisa eVarwere veBabironi vaKristu vanofunga nezvekunyorwa kweiyo mubatanidzwa weChirungu uye muimbi William Blake, akachengetwa muTate Garari.
Ndangariro
- VaArtist, vanyori uye vanyori, vachiratidza mambo ngano mumabasa avo, vakaramba vachikumbira mufananidzo uye kuzivikanwa kwaNebhukadhinezari. "About Navudkhodonosor tsar, pamusoro pemuviri uye nezveTrkh ochroa, muPeshi isina kupiswa," Simiyoni Polotsky akanyora munyama yake.
- Mudetembi, muimbi uye engraver William Blake akagadzira iyo monotype gallery (yakadhindwa engravings), kuzvipira kunaNebhukadhimoni.
- Nabucco (Zana zita "Nebhukadhinezari") - Opera GiusEppe Verti paLibretto TemistoKe Sola, Yayo yekutanga yakaitwa kuLa Scala Theatre muna 1842.
- Mubhuku, Yudifi Navudhodnemor anomiririrwa naMambo weAsiria, iyo yekugara iyo iri muNinevia. Sekureva kwaTevita "Nebhukadhinezari neAsuir", kune avo vakatora Ninivhi.
- Tsika yeIslam inoziva Nevuchundnezzar pasi pezita remugove weNassar, achimudaidza kuti muTassrap yenyika