Biography
Ne pikicha yeEdward Minka "Creek" ikozvino inoziva zviri nani kupfuura neiyo biography yeiyo Norwegian Artist. Hupenyu hwake, kushungurudzika uye kurwadza, kwakazadzwa nerufu, kusagadzikana kwepfungwa, kuora mwoyo. Pakuvira kwezuva kwemazuva avo, Edward Munk akasiya rekodhi muDiary:"Chirwere, kupenga nerufu zvaive ngirozi dzinotema dzinobhururuka kuenda kugwara rangu kuti riitise muhupenyu hwese."Hudu uye Vechidiki
Edward akaberekwa musi waDecember 12, 1863 muguta reNorway reLöhene mumhuri yeChristian mink uye Laura Katrina Bjölstad. Iye mukomana aive nehanzvadzi yeYuhanna sofia uye vaviri vadiki - igner naLaura, pamwe naHama Andreas. UCHENJERI REMAHARA REMUDZIMAI AIVA MUCHENYAYA: Chikamu nekuda kwebasa reChristu - chiremba wemauto, chikamu mukutsvaga kwedzimba dzinocheka.
Kunyangwe mhuri yemakwunk yaigara zvisina kunaka, vanhu vane simba rekusika vaive padyo nerudzi rwavo. Saka, hama iri kure yaive muimbi akaremerwa. Sekuru kwaEdward akarangarira nyika semuparidzi ane tarenda, uye Hama Mukristu, Peter Andreas - munyori wenhoroondo wakanaka.
The siguwd edward yakatsauka makore mashanu okukura, amai vake vakafa kubva kuTberculosis, uye purazi rakatora hanzvadzi yake Karen. Mukristu, kuva murume anonamata, mushure mekufa kwemumwe mukadzi kuti wakange ayamwa mukunyanyisa. Akaudza vanakomana vake nevanasikana vake vakagadziridzwa ropa renhoroondo yeHegian, uye hope dzehusiku dzaiwanzotarota izvi Edward. Kuti utize kubva pazviratidzo zvinovhiringidza, mukomana akadonha. Kare ipapo mateki ake airatidzika aine tarenda.
Muna 1877, hanzvadzi iyo Edward, Sofia yakafa kubva kuTberculosis. Jaya racho rakanga richisvika pedyo naye, saka akatora kwazvo. Chiitiko chinosiririsa chaive chikonzero chekuodzwa mwoyo mukutenda. MuDhiary, munk akarangarira kuti Baba "vaifamba vachidzokera mukamuri, vakanamata vakapeta maoko," asi hazvina kubatsira musikana kuti apore. Mazuva anopedzerwa nehanzvadzi iri kufa yakazoratidzwa mumapendi "musikana anorwara" uye "chitubu".
Hosha neimwe nzira yakatevera mhuri yemakwi. Ndichangofa mushure mekufa kwaSophie, imwe hanzvadzi yeEdward, Laura, akatanga kuzvibata zvisinganzwisisike. Aigara achinetseka, akatsemurwa nokunyengera, akagara akanyarara pane mamwe mazuva uye haana kutaura nemunhu. Akaonekwa aine Schizophrenia.
Mukristu akaona mumwanakomana weinjiniya, saka muna 1879, pazera ramakore gumi nematanhatu, Edward akatanga kukoreji yehunyanzvi. Izvo zvakapihwa zviri nyore fizikiki, chemistry uye masvomhu. Pasinei nekubudirira, gore rakatevera, jaya rakadzingwa, kusarudza kuva muimbi. Kutanga kwemukomana baba havana kutsigira: Akafunga nezve basa rekugadzira neakashata. Pasinei nezviratidziro, muna 1881, pendi yechidiki yakapinda chikoro chamambo yekudhirowa muOslo.
Muna 1883, zita reEdward Minka rakatanga kunzwa munharaunda yeNorway. Sezvinoratidzwa nedambudziko rekugadzira, kutaura kwakataurwa kwakaratidzwa "musoro weEmude." Kubva pane izvi zvakatanga kuumbwa kwehunyanzvi hukuru.
Kupenda
Mumakore akazotevera, kununura kakawanda kutora chikamu mukuratidzira, asi basa rake rakarasika pakati pekujeka kwemumvuri uye huwandu hwemazita evaridzi vevaridzi. Muna 1886, Edward akapa mwoyo unodhura "musikana wemurwere" uye akagamuchira zvekunyepedzera ongororo dzisina kunaka. Ongororo iyi yakaonekwa mune imwe yemapepanhau emuno:
"Basa rakanakisa raunogona kupa Edward munka, rinonyarara kuti ipfuure nependi rake." Pendi yaMusk yakanyanya kuderedza mwero wekuratidzira. "Chikonzero chekutsoropodzwa ndechekuti basa rinooneka rinooneka uye husina basa. Mujaya wechidiki achipomerwa mhosva yekuvandudza maitiro uye kukudziridza.
Uye munch zvakareverwa ne "musikana anorwara" aine breakther. Semhando, iye akabvunza Betsley ane makore gumi nematatu. Paakangotendeukira kuna mambo weEdward kuti abatsirwe - mukoma wake mudiki akatyora gumbo. Musikana uyu akafara kwazvo uye akanaka nemaziso akapendwa jekiseni rakamubvunza kuti pendi yake ive yakanakira.
Mushure mekushungurudzika kwakajairika, Edward akarega kuva akatendeka, pendi yake hainzwisisi uye choporn. Kwapera gore, muna 1889, akaedza zvakare kutaura nezven'anga iri mumufananidzo "chitubu". Kugadzira iyo, munk yakaita fungidziro: Iwe unogona kuona kuti machira anoiswa sei, uye anyatsonzwa mwenje wezuva, uchidururwa nepahwindo.
Pane canvas yezuva rezhizha inopesana nemamiriro ekunze anorema, ayo anotonga mukamuri. Musikana ane bvudzi rakatsvuka, akatsamira patsvina, achitarisa mukadzi akura aine manyorerwo, mumaoko ake mushonga. Iko hakuna toni dzinopenya muzvipfeko, pane zvinoita kunge savage yekuchema. Inonzwa kuti munguva pfupi rufu ruchienderwa kwavari.
Pakupera kwa 1889, apo nzungu yakaenda kunodzidza muParis, akagamuchira nhau yekufa kwababa vake. Iyo artist yakawira mukuora mwoyo, yakatyora kubatana neshamwari. Chiitiko ichi chave chimwe chekiyi iri pabasa rekutaura. Akanyora panguva iyoyo mu diary:
"Hapafanire kuve nezvakawanda zvekunyora mikana yekuverenga varume uye vakadzi vanosunga. Ivo vachatsiviwa nevanhu chaivo vanofema uye vanonzwa, rudo uye vanotambura ... ".Mukurangarirai kwaBaba Edward vakanyora mufananidzo "husiku muSan Cras". Mufurati, hwakazadzwa neusiku usiku, hwindo rakagara nemurume. Vanyori venhoroondo dzehunyanzvi vanonzi vanoona mumufananidzo uyu weiyo mug, uye baba vake vakamirira rufu.
Kudzokera kumusha kwake, muimbi akatanga basa rekutenderera kwemabasa, iwo akazotambira zita rekuti "fries yehupenyu: nhetembo yerudo, hupenyu nerufu." Mukati maro, shundi yaida kuratidza matanho ekuumbwa kwemunhu - kubva pakuzvarwa kusvika parufu. Kutenderera kunosanganisira kiyi kunoshanda: "Madonna", "Creek", "kutamba kwehupenyu", "ASH". Chiverengero 22 pendi, dzakakamurwa kuita mapoka mana: "Kuzvarwa kwerudo", "Kukura uye nekuvira kwerudo" "
Inosanganisirwa mu "kuomesa kwehupenyu" uye mufananidzo "Melancholy" 1881. Vatsoropodzi havana kumugamuchira nekufara, zvisinei, vakacherekedza kuti munk akawana chimiro chake - kunze kwenyika, mafomu akareruka uye twilight kutonga mumabasa ese. Yakatenderera yakazara yakatanga kuunzwa muna 1902.
Mubasa reEdward Minka, hapana zana mapikicha, asi "kuchema" kwakava kuzivikanwa kwazvo. Muzvisikwa zvakajairwa, chisikwa chomunhu chinofananidzirwa pamusoro payo, matenga akapendwa nemumvuri weorenji akajeka. Creek yakatiza kubva mumuromo wakapetwa wemweya wemunhu, sekunge unonhuwirira mamiriro ekunze. Dzimwe nhamba mbiri dzinoonekwa kumashure. MuDhiary yake, mudiwa akanyora:
"Ndakafamba munzira neshamwari mbiri, tisingatarisirike kudenga kwakava ropa, ndikanzwa, ndikanzwa muropa. Ndakatarisa muropa uye ndakatarisa mitauro pamusoro peblue-dema fjord Zvino guta, shamwari dzangu dzakaenderera mberi, ndikamira, ndichidedera, ndichinzwa kuchema kusingaperi, kubaya. "Pasi pekufungidzira kwezvaakaona muna 1892, muimbi akanyora mufananidzo "kupererwa". Pairi, panzvimbo yechisikwa chakajairika, murume anoratidzwa mune ngowani. Kwapera gore, mununkoun'una wakatemerwa paseka yehunhu, ikavapanda nemafuta. Gare gare, vamwe vaviri vakawedzerwa kune idzi shanduro. Kunyanya kufarirwa ndiyo mufananidzo wa 1893, iyo inochengeterwa mumuseum yenyika muOslo.
Vanyori venhoroondo dzavaiti vakawana nzvimbo iyo Edward aigona kuona iyo pikicha. Zvinonakidza chokwadi chekuti padhuze nepasirimo nzvimbo iyi chaive chakawanikwa chikuru muAslo uye chipatara chepfungwa. Musk's Creasivivivivives muongorori akacherechedzwa:
"Vakataura kuti kupopota kwemhuka dzakarukwa, vachisanganiswa nekurwara kwevanhurume, vaishaiwa simba."Naizvozvo pamwe, "kuchema kusingaperi, kubaya.
1894 yakanyorwa nekubuda kwemabasa maviri - "kuibhururuka" uye "musikana nerufu". Pendi mbiri idzi dzinobatanidza zviitiko zvakasiyana. Nekudaro, mu "maungwa" pamusoro pevadiki, kusasimba, mumvuri mutema, unotyisa, uyo akatya nekufambidzana kwake, akatya kufambiswa kwake.
Mubasa re "musikana uye rufu", runako rwekukudza runotsvoda kufa, kumutora seshamwari iri nani. Kupikisa kwakadaro kunoratidza zvazvino.
Munk yakagadzirwa pendi mumarudzi akasiyana: Mufananidzo, Landscape, ichiri hupenyu. Munguva yekufamba kwenguva, basa rake rakava hutsinye, uye marongero ari nyore. Varimi uye minda yakaonekwa pane yake canvasi.
Hupenyu Hwako
Edward ununk yakanga isina kuroora uye isina vana, asi inozivikanwa nezve3 yezvinyorwa zvake.
Muna 1885, akasangana neMillie Taulov. Musikana uyu aive akaroora, saka haana kuchengeta jaya rakakomba, asi haana kuvaramba. Edward akataura nezverudo zvakakomba: kudzikamisa bhuku nemukadzi akaroora zvaireva kuyambuka zvese zvipingamupinyi zvechitendero. Saka pasina kugamuchira kudzoreredzwa kubva milli, mukoma akaramba kuikunda.
Muna 1892, muimbi akaziviswa neStanislav PsybyshevsHesky, danda, nerudzi, uye mukadzi wake wenguva yemangwana dagney yul. Musikana uyu akava mugari weMulka, akadzokorora kushandisa chifananidzo chake mumufananidzo. Vanotsvagurudza vanobvuma mukana wekuti kwaive nehukama hwerudo pakati pevechidiki.
Iyo inonyanya kurwadza yaive iyo yechokwadi ne toolla (Matilda) Larsen, iyo yakatanga muna 1898. Pakutanga, hukama hwavo hwanga hwapera, ipapo mukadzi akatanga kunyengedza nekucherekedza. Muna 1902, akanzwa kutonhora komudiwa wake uye akatyisidzira kuzviuraya. Atya, Edward akauya kwaari.
Mazuva mashoma gare gare, kupopotedzana kwakaitika pakati pavo, nekuda kwekuti ndeupi m mukundi akapfura ruoko rwake. Maererano neVakawanda vhezheni, Tulla aida kupfura, uye muimbi mukuyedza kubvuta iyo ende rever yakamanikidzwa pane iyo trigger. Iye murume airapwa muchipatara, uye hukama uhwu hwakapera.
Kusvikira parufu muhupenyu hweMukka, mukadzi waunofarira haana kuoneka.
Rufu
Muimbi aive nehutano husina kusimba, zvisinei, muna 1918, Spanish inopfuura, iyo yakaparadza mamirioni avanhu. Muna 1930, vanenge mapofu nekuda kweHemorrhage muhukuru hweziso rorudyi, asi harina kurega kupenda.
Mwedzi mushure mekuzvarwa kwayo 80th, muna 1944, artist akafa. Mufananidzo wake wepamutemo unochengetwa mumuseum of Minka muOslo.
Mushure mekufa kwematongerwo enyika, pendi dzese dzakachinjirwa kuHurumende. Zviuru zvemafuta canvases uye kunyorwa nhasi zvinoumba hukuru hwekutsiva kwemuseum of the mink.
Kutaurwa kweiyo muimbi inowanikwa mumabhuku art uye mafirimu. Saka, muna 1974, iyo firimu "Edward Munk", kutaura nezvemakore ekuumbwa kweanonamata.
Pendi
- 1886 - "Musikana anorwara"
- 1892 - "Kuora mwoyo"
- 1893 - "Creek"
- 1893 - "Rufu mukamuri remurwere"
- 1894 - "Madonna"
- 1894 - "Sidel"
- 1895 - "Vampire"
- 1895 - "godo"
- 1896 - "Voice" ("zhizha zhizha")
- 1897 - "Tsvoda"
- 1900 - "Kutamba Kwehupenyu"
- 1902 - "Makore mana ehupenyu"
- 1908 - "Kuzvifananidza Kuzvinamira Pamwe Denga rebhuruu"
- 1915 - "pahupamhi humbowo" ("fivha")
- 1919 - "Kuzvifananidza Mushure mekunge Spanish Fefenza"