Biography
Alexander Galich - Munyori uye muimbi weiyo nziyo, mutambi uye prose, nhetembo uye screenwriter. Iri surname yemurume - Ginzburg, uye galich ndiro bhuku rekunyora, iro rakagadzirwa nenhamba nerubatsiro rwemavara kubva kumazita ake, zita uye patronymic.Hudu uye Vechidiki
Alexander akaberekerwa mukudonha kwa1918 muguta reUkraine reDniper, aichimbova Ekaterinoslave, mumhuri yevaJudha. Amai vemukomana vesksler Feig Borisovna vakashanda mune Conservatory, uye Baba Aron Samolovich vakashanda mune imwe hupfumi. Sasha haasi iye oga mwana mumhuri, mukomana aive nemukomana wechidiki valery, uyo anga atoshanda semushandi wefirimu mukukura.
Alexander paive nemakore maviri, mhuri yake yakatamira kuSevastopol, uye mushure memakore matatu muMoscow. Akazopedzisira apedza muguta guru reRussia. Tarenda remunyori wechidiki nevezvevadzidzisi vakaona muhudiki. Naizvozvo, bhuku rekutanga raGalich rakaoneka mukupayona piyona provda, apo yaive makore gumi nematatu.
Wakatove pazera iro Sasha aiziva kuti basa rake raizobatana neakasikwa, asi zvaisakwanisa kunyatsoziva kuti ndeupi kutungamirirwa. Naizvozvo, mushure mekupedza kudzidza kubva pagiredhi re9, jaya rinosvika munguva imwe chete muOpera-dramatic Studio yeStanislavsky uye iyo Artary Institute, yakakurumidza kukanda. Uye mushure memakore matatu, akasiya iyo Opera-inoshamisa studio.
Muna 1939, murume wechidiki anopinda Alexei Arbaziv and Valentine's Studio Theatre Studio. Dhebhari yaAlexander seyakaitwa nechitima chakaitika mugore rekudzidza, mukubatana nevamwe vadzidzi, akagadzira mamiriro ezvinhu e "guta riri kuZare". Uye akanyorawo rwiyo rwemutambo uye akaridza rimwe remabasa.
Pakutanga kwehondo, mukomana akasunungurwa kubva muuchapupu hwekurapa. Gare gare neyekuumbwa kwebato, galich inoenda ku grozny uye yatovepo mumutambo wedrama, kwainoshanda kwemakore akati wandei. Kufamba kwetemberi kuTasashkent kwakabatana neStudio yeArbuzova, avo vakagadzira boka remitambo uye vakokwa ipapo vaimbova wadhi.
Mumhanzi
Mimhanzi iri muBiography yeGalich inowanikwa mukupera kwa1950s. Mumwe murume anonyora nziyo uye anozvimiririra anovabatsira, achiridza gitare. Paunogadzira rwiyo rwemunyori, Bard rakadzokororwa kubva mutsika yerudo uye munguva pfupi yakava mumwe wevamiriri venzvimbo yakajeka. Uye nekuuya kweiyo yekutanga tepi zvinyorwa, apo nziyo dzakanyorwa uye dzakateverwa kakawanda, dzakachinja marekodhi, murume wacho akawana mukurumbira mukuru.
Wakatoita gare gare, kugadzira kuunganidza, murume uyu haana kusanganisira nziyo dzokutanga dzakanyorwa mavari. Uye mabasa akati wandei a1959-1962 airambidzwa nemiviri yehurumende yeUSSr, sezvo, mumaonero avo, ivo havana kutevedzera Soviet Aesthetics. Nepfungwa yekusaruramisira kwakananga kugona kwake, galich ichiri kuenderera mberi nekunyora nhetembo dzenziyo dziri kuve dzakadzika uye dzinopinza maererano nehukama hwematongerwo enyika nguva dzese.
Ehe, izvi zvese zvakagara zvakatosvika kusvikira imwe nguva uye, pakupedzisira, zvakakonzera kupokana nevakuru vehurumende. Murume anorambidza kupa makomisheni, gadzira mavhesi ezvinyorwa zvavo uye zvinyorwa zvinyorwa. Mujaya hwake, galich akava mumwe chete munyori akasarudza kusununguka, achiramba hupenyu hwakanaka uye hwakabudirira.
Nenzira imwe cheteyo, makomisheni emakonzo akaronga makomisheni muzvivakwa, vateereri vake vakanyorwa uye vakagoverwa makomba ane nziyo. Zvisinei, vashandi veKGB vakatevera zvakajeka nguva idzi, makomba aiwanzo bvumidzwa, uye makomisheni aida kudzima.
Nekudaro, ichi hachisi chinhu chakaipisisa icho Alexander Arkadyevich. Muchirimo cha1968, bhajasi racho richifunga kutaura parunyararo, iro rakaitwa mukati memupendero wemutambo wenziyo yemunyori muNovsibirsk. Pakati pemabasa edu, murume anoita rwiyo "ndangariro B. L. Sevarnak". Uye mwedzi wacho mushure mechiitiko ichi, bhuku rinowoneka mumapepanhau emuno novonzerviirsk, apo galich rakaiswa pachena. Pakarepo mukero yake inouya kutyisidzira, kurambidza pakuita kwenziyo nekudzvinyirira.
Kuedza kufuratira zvakaitwa nevakuru vakuru, gore racho gare gare, Galich Galich Galic Yokutanga "nziyo" nziyo ". Chitambo chakabatanidzwa mu "anti-soviet" yekuparadzira imba yekuparadzira "kudyara". Kune izvi muna 1971, chaipo gore idzva risati rasvika, munhu anosarudzika kubva kune vanyori veUSR
Panguva yekushanda semunyori wenziyo uye nhetembo dzaunga dzakagadzira mabasa mazhinji. Vazhinji vevateveri vese vaida bhuku racho "pandinodzoka," iyo ballad pamoto wekusingaperi uye nezve kuziva, rwiyo rwebhambiringa "zvakare nezvechinhu" uye zvimwe zvirevo.
Mafirimu
Mukutanga kwehupenyu, iyo yekutamba gariti yakagadzirwa chete mitambo yemitambo. Munguva kubva muna 1946 kusvika 1959, akanyora mitambo mitambo 6, kusanganisira "mugwagwa wevakomana", "nzira dzatinosarudza", pane kuti munhu angafunga ", et 1958, mudetembi anogadzira a Inonzi "Syrosk kunyarara". Chekutanga chakarongwa kuti chiitwe mu "mouthward" yemitambo 13, iyo panguva iyoyo yakangovhurika. Nekudaro, Dutu racho harina kufanirwa kuitika, uye kwenguva yekutanga vateereri vakaona kugadzirwa mushure mekufa kwemunyori, muna 1988.
Muna 1954, murume anogadzira zvinyorwa zvekutanga zvemafirimu. Asingakanganwiki kune vatariri uye vatengesi vemafirimu vaive pendi "pamhepo minomwe", "tsotsi reHurumende", "vechidiki vechitatu", "vachimhanya nemafungu" uye vamwe. Muna 1964, yefirimu "nyika tsotsi" galich yakapa diploma yeKGB yeUSSR.
Hupenyu Hwako
Nomukadzi ramangwana remukadzi waValentina Arkhangelsk galich akasangana muTashkent. Mukadzi aive mutambi. Hama yake yekare Rostislav Arkhangelsky mwana we conductor uye commoser. Kwenguva yakati, vechidiki vakasangana, uye mushure mekutamira kuMoscow vakasarudza kuita zvepamutemo hukama. Uye vangangoita muchato, vakatanga kufunga nezvevana, saka mushure megore valentine vakabereka murume wake kumwanasikana waAlexander. Nekudaro, hupenyu hwomunhu oga hwedetembi aisazofaramira nguva dzose.
Makore maviri mushure mekuzvarwa kwemwana wemubatanidzwa, valentine vanosarudza kutamira kuIrkutsk, nekuti inogamuchira nzvimbo yekutungamira mutambi mune yemuno duster. Hukama iende kure hwakaoma kupa vechidiki, uye nekufamba kwenguva zvichienda kurambana.
Alexander Arkadyevich haana kutambura nekusurukirwa uye muna 1947 akaroora zvakare. Panguva ino mudetembi akasarudzwa akava Angelina Nikolaavna Shekrot. Pasinei nekumukira kwemurume wake, mukadzi aive naye kurufu, akamumirira kumba uye aida zvekupedzisira.
Muna 1967, ruzivo nezvekuzvarwa kweGalich Mwanakomana wekupedzisira akaoneka mumapapiro. Akazvara zita reGorky Sophia Mikhnova-Voitenko. Iye mukomana akadaidza Krisha uye akanyora zita raamai.
Makore ekupedzisira ehupenyu aive akagadzikana kuna Alexander Galich. Kuisa kodzero yake seMunyori uye njanji dzeNziyo, kuvharira nzira yekuwedzera kukura kwebasa racho, zviremera zvehurumende zvakabatsira kuti uve nechokwadi chekuti muna 1974 munhu akaenda kubva kuUSSR.
Uyezve, shanduro mbiri dzekuti akazviita sei mune zvinyorwa zvemakore iwayo. Vamwe vanoti muvengi waIsraeri, uye vamwe vanopokana kuti kutama kwakaitika pasi peganda rekusiya musangano weNorway. Mwedzi mina mushure meizvozvo, mabasa ese aAlexander Arkadyevich - Mabhuku, nziyo, nhetembo uye inorambidza muUSSR uye kudzima murume wevagari vemo.
Kusiya soviet Union, Alexander Arkadyevich muNorway. Ikoko, anogadzira yake yekutanga vinyl rekodhi "kuchema kwakazevezera" ("Creek ichizevezera") ine gumi nembiri. Pane chifukidziro chezvinyorwa zvakaisa mufananidzo wemunyori ane gitare mumaoko ake. Gare gare, galich inoenda kuMunich, uye ipapo, yatogara yekugara zvachose, inosarudza Paris.
Rufu
Mushure mekutamira kune imwe nyika, Alexander anoisa hupenyu pamwe chete nemukadzi wake. Nekudaro, idyll yavo munzvimbo itsva yakatora nguva yakareba. Nhamo yakaitika nedetembi sezviri pachena yakatemerwa mhinduro.
Muzuva rimwe chete, mukadzi waGalich akaenda kuchitoro chekutenga, uye murume panguva iyoyo akafunga kuzvimiririra muAntenna kune TV. Nekuda kwekuvhunduka, murume akafa musi waDecember 15, 1977. Kukonzera rufu kwaive kusimuka kwemagetsi, iyo galich yakawanikwa nekuda kwekubata zvisiri izvo kwevaye magetsi.
Mukadzi wake paakamubvisa mumba, akange achiri mupenyu, asi sezvo vanachiremba vakaenda kunzvimbo yenhamo kwenguva yakareba, Alexander akatadza kuponesa. Kwenguva yakati kune runyerekupe rwekuti mudeet haana kufa nenjere, uye kuuraya kwake kwakagadzirirwa pachine nguva uye kwakarongwa. Nekudaro, iyi vhezheni haina kuwana zvambotaurwa, uye munhu wese aive panzvimbo yekufa kweGalich anozivisawo tsaona.
Mariro aAlexander Arkadyevich akapfuura mazuva manomwe mushure mekufa. Guva renzvimbo iri muParis, mumakuva weRussia.
Icho chokwadi chinonakidza ndechekurambidzwa kwekuburitswa kwemabhuku nenziyo dzenyama dzakabviswa muna 1980. Sezviri pachena, kubvuma tarenda reAlexander Arkadyevich, muna1993 zviremera zveNyika vakasarudza kusarudzika kudzoka kugari vemo.
Discography
- 1968 - "Novosibirsk 1968"
- 1971-1972 - "Alexander Galich"
- 1967-1974 - "Kana ndadzoka"
- 1974 - "Kuchema" kwakazungunuka "
- 1975 - "Gungwa muIsraeri"
- 1990 - "Tarisa Tarisa"
- 1994 - "Memory"
Filmography
- 1951 - "Mumidziyo"
- 1953-1954 - "Pamadziro"
- 1960 - "Ruya" katatu "
- 1964 - "Nyika Tsotsi"
- 1964 - "Guta rakanaka"
- 1965 - "Wechidiki wechitatu"
- 1967 - "Kumhanya pamafungu"
- 1970 - "TaimyR inokukonzera"
- 1976 - "Kana ndadzoka"