Biography
Ivan Efremov ari mutakuri weECiseclopepepepec ruzivo, iyo yaakawana yakashandiswa kushandiswa mune inoshamisa chiyero uye ruzivo rwemabasa enhoroondo uye anoshamisa mabasa. Mabhuku ake ari mumutsara mumwe nemabasa aIsaka Azimov, Herbert Welx naStanislav Lem. Iyo biography yeyesainzi uye munyori haina kunyanya kunakidza pane kugona.Hudu uye Vechidiki
Ivan Efremova's baba, Antipa Khritonovich, kubva kumuriritiri akareruka, akapa kune vatengesi, vakatora chinzvimbo cheVanopa zano. Mushure mekuchinja kwa1917 uye kurambana kwevabereki, munyori wezororo aifanira kuchinja zita repakati uye ave Ivan Antonovich, kuti arege kukwezva kutarisa kune vabati vepfuma.
Barbara Alexandrovna amai vaiverengera vana, kazhinji yenguva inobhadhara vale vadiki. Mukoma vairwadza, uye mhuri muna 1914 vakatamira kuUkraine Berdysk. Ikoko Ivan vakaenda kuimba yekurovedza muviri.
Nekutanga kwehondo yevagari, Efmemov akaenda kumberi, akagamuchira kukohana uye akasangana zvishoma. Demobilized, akatamira kuPetrograd, akashanda semutengesi, mutyairi, akapedza chikoro. Munguva yake yemahara, ndakaverenga, kuwedzera kune ngano, mabhuku pane biology, zoology uye dzidziso yekushanduka-shanduka. Akadzidza nezveNavigator, Ivan akaitwa mugungwa reOkhotsk, uye pakudzoka kwake kwakapinda muyunivhesiti, pakatarisana nedhipatimendi.
Mukupera kwa1920s, Efremov akatanga kufarira geology, akakanda yunivhesiti uye akadzidza kuGomo Institute. Kushanduka kwekutsvaga kwakafamba muUrals uye Mongolia, Central Asia neSiberia. Muna 1935, degree remumwe mumiriri wezvakaipa zvibayiro zvakapihwa musanganiswa webasa pa paleontology. Hondo isati yasvika, munyori akazvidzivirira dissertation yake yekudzidzisa.
Mabhuku
Alexey tolstoy akapindura nezve chimiro cheEfremova seyekutonhora zvakanyanya uye panguva imwe chete yakajeka. Ivan amene akataura mubvunzurudzo kuti "pfungwa yemutauro haina kukura musalons nhetembo," uye semhedzisiro yebasa refu, kukunda matambudziko mazhinji uye kubva kune zvevana zvakachengetedzwa zvevana. Uye uzvidane zvakanyanya procerly pikicha, kwete sainzi.
Ivan akakwidza kushanda kubasa rekuverenga panguva yekubuda kuKazakhstan. Kurwara naTyphoid, Efremov akazova kwenguva refu akasungwa pamubhedha ndokutanga kunyora nyaya nenyaya. Panguva ino, "Marsanellelle" uye "Ngarava dze" nyeredzi ", nzira dzekare" uye "Vanocherekedza Nur-uye-Kubiridzira" uye "Bay of Rainbow Jets" akabuda.
Mu "Ellinsky Chakavanzika" yaive pamusoro pechinhu chakadai segmorangariro. Mu "musangano pamusoro peTuskaroi" munyori akaratidzira dambudziko rekuunganidzwa kwe "mvura inorema" mumvura yakadzika dzegungwa. "Olg-khrhha" yakazvipira mukutsvaga kwehonye hombe mukudzika kweMongolian Stappes. "Catty Sark", maererano naEfremov, yakapa ruponeso rwechikepe chechikepe chechikepe kubva kuOlivion. Mushure mekuburitsa nyaya muEngland, ngarava yakaendeswa kuchikamu chemumuseum, icho munyori akaziviswa nevanyori nevaverengi veBritish.
Iye munyori, uyo akabatana ngano nezvakaitika zvesainzi, zvakadaidzira zvisina kufanira - zviitiko zvinotsanangurwa navo vakawana chaiyo embodiment. Panguva dzakasiyana-siyana, mercury deposits uye bako rine mifananidzo yevanhu vekare, maKimberlite machubhu muYakutia uye zvinhu zvechimiro chemakristuru emvura akawanikwa. Zvishandiso zvakakura izvo zvinokwanisa kuongorora iyo seabed uye kudhirowa mukati maro, se "fakopo onell". Uye zvitima nekukurumidza kwe 300 km / h uye yemazuva ese chiitiko zvachose.
Hongwe ye "mimvuri yekare" yakaumbwa neIVAN yekufungidzira nezve maitirwo akaitwa zviitiko zvekare mumatombo pane imwe anglumination kona. Mushure memakore matatu, iyo Nobel Laureate Dani Gabor's yakawedzera kuwanda kwemhedzisiro yeHolographic.
Iyo yesainzi inonakidza etude "Mifananidzo mishanu" yeEfremov yakanyora mukutsigira kweiyo Artist Andrei Sokolov, iyo tenzi weSpace Thenji muPendi. Zvichienderana nejasi rake "kukwidziridzwa muCosmos" neArtur Clark, iyo Novel "maFonti ePonti veRwizi" akagadzirwa neArthur Clark.
Pane nyaya ye "moyo wenyoka" Ivan akayeuka sezvinhu zvekukanganisa. Bhuku rekutanga harina kupfuudza magadzirirwo akakodzera uye akakonzera ruzha rwakawanda kubva muchikamu chevaverengi, savy mune chemistry naAnatomy. Dilogy "pamucheto weKwakanaka" akanyudzwa mune izvo zvehupenyu hwemuranda muguva yekare Egypt uye yekare Girisi.
Efmov haana kuona ramangwana revanhu pasina kuonana nedzimwe dzirume, pasina hunyanzvi hwakadzika hwenzvimbo yekunze. Mukubuda kwegwenga, muyedzo weGobi, muyedzo weGoasiti wakauya mupfungwa nepfungwa yeiyo Novel "Tambal Andromanda". Iri bhuku rine ruvara rakatsanangura izvo vazukuru vevanyori vesainzi vane: Mhedzisiro yekusarongeka kwekurapa neNyukireya simba uye zvisingaiti zvinhu zvekubhururuka, zvinhu zvepamusoro uye zvinhu zvakaringana uye zvakaringana chikafu.
"Nguva yevaRoma", akazvipira kumukadzi waTaisiya - mufananidzo wehunyanzvi pane kuti tatalitarianism ine njodzi. Semagamba ezvakapfuura zvakapfuura mazviri, mavara kubva ku "timbal chiramba" anotaurwa. Iri basa resayenzi raida kuita nharo nevanoshanda navo vairangarira hupenyu semugwagwa kusvika kurufu, uko munhu akavezwa pasi pesimba remamiriro ekunze, uko kukunda kwechiedza uye kufambira mberi kwakarambwa.
Efemov aitenda kuti munhu, sechisikwa ichifunga uye akapiwa mundangariro, uye kwete chete neyefellexes, anokwanisa kuyambuka nhanho yekuvandudza kwezvinhu. Uye mune ramangwana, budiriro yepasi rinoisa veruzhinji uye munharaunda tsika munzvimbo yekutanga.
Kugara kwekupedzisira kweIvan Efremov kwaive kurondedzerwa kweThe Hetern Hoth yeThais, shamwari yaAlexander muMasedhonia naMambo Egypt Ptoremy. Panguva ino ngano yaipa nzira kune nhoroondo dzechokwadi. Uye panguva imwe chete, rukudzo rwakazova rwiyo rwerudo, runako, pfungwa uye kuvimbika. Bhuku rinonzi "Tais Atene" akabuda mushure mekufa kwemunyori.
Hupenyu Hwako
Mukadzi wekutanga weIvan Efremova akava muongorori wesainzi. Kssia ndiye mwanasikana wePurofiti Geology, Academicia Nikolai Svitalsky, mutsvaidza eOore deposits, pane iyo iyo yakakurumbira mamirigorsk yesimbi yakavakirwa. Naizvozvo, ivo vakanyungudutsa kuti kubva kumuchato uyu munyori akatsvaga kudzora mabasa ebasa. Iyo Heroine yeNovel "Razor Blade" Sim Metalin yakanyorwa kubviswa neKsenia. Pakanga pasina vana mumhuri iyi.
Kufambisa iyo Paleozological Institute, uko musayendisiti akashanda, kubva kuLeningrad kuenda kuMoscow Akaratidzwa uye akachinja muhupenyu. Muguta guru reEfremov hwakatama kwatove nemukadzi wechipiri waElena kolukova. Nenguva isipi mwanakomana waAllan akaberekwa. Zita remwana rakasarudza baba vake mukukudza hunhu kubva kuhurumende "hanya naMambo Soromoni" erudzi rweBritish Hengard. Allan akaenda akatsika tsoka dzaBaba - akatanga kufarira geology.
Elena akafa muna 1961, mushure megore Ivan akaroora Taisiya Yukhnevskaya. Masayendisiti akasangana nemukadzi muna 1950, paakashanda seyakashanda kuTytitute, ndokuzova munyori emunhu eEfremov.
Pasinei nezita rinonzwika, vacho vakararama zvine mwero. Kubva pazvinhu "zvakawandisa" kwaingova nemotokari iyo Ivan yakatenga mushure mekugamuchira mubairo weStalini wekutsvaga kwesainzi. Munyori kusvika mazuva ekupedzisira akaramba ari murume munyoro, akaitika mukamuri yevakadzi akakwazisa akamira, akashanda jasi kunyangwe kuvasikana.
Rufu
Ivan Efremov akasara hupenyu muna Gumiguru 1972, mumaawa mashoma zvisati zvaitika izvi zvakabvunza mumwe waunoshanda naye pakusatenderwa. Chikonzero cherufu, sezvakarikiriswa chirikadzi yeTaii, ikava kurwiswa kwemoyo. Muviri wemufi musi wechipiri wakange akaiswa pasi, uye ichi chikonzero nekuda kwechimwe chikonzero chakakonzera kufungidzira kweKGB.
Mwedzi mushure memariro, vanhu gumi nevaviri vanobva kuLubyanskaya Square yakatsvaga imba yemunyori, kusanganisira iyo denga nemadziro emasimbi. Ermov anofungidzirwa uye akaramba asingazivikanwe. Asi kusvika makumi manomwe, zvakanyorwa naIvan hazvina kuburitswa, uye zita resainzi rakataurwa mukuzevezera, kunyangwe musayendisiti aive muvambi wepasi rose - tapomoroni. Kubva pamaraibhurari, maererano nemumino memodzi evakadzi, vakaedza kubvisa "nguva yevaya", kuchera pakati pemitsara yeanorwisa-Soviet Propaganda.
Madota eIvan Efremova anovigwa mumakuva kuKomarovo, pedyo neSt. Petersburg. Basalt chitofu chakaiswa paguva, uye pairi - a pherhedron kubva kumaminerari labralal nezita rakavezwa nemisi yekuzvarwa nerufu.
Quotes
"Kufungidzira kushaft, kusimuka kwaunogona kuona iwe zvakanyanya, regai ave munharaunda isingazivikanwe." Pachave neguruva risingabvumirwe, kana kuti hapana guruva nejecha. "" Nguva ichauya - uye vamiriri vevanonzi "basa dema" richanyangarika munyika, kuchera, mimhanzi, etc., hapana zvikwaniriso zvenguva yemberi, zvikabatsiringa zvinhu zvichaitwa Mumhete yakavharwa yehunyanzvi - Machina pfuti, marobhoti, michina yemagetsi computing - uye munhu wacho achamupa zvachose kugona. "BHAIBHERI
- "Katty Sark"
- "Musangano Pamusoro peTuskaroi"
- "Observatory Hur-uye-kubiridzira"
- "TV Kapteni Ganeshina"
- "Ngarava nyeredzi"
- "Marseille"
- "Moto wegehena"
- "Pamupendero weOmen"
- "Bay of Rainbow Jets"
- "Atoll Fakofo"
- "Yurt volor"
- "Razor Blade"
- "Andromeda's Nebula"
- "Awa Bull"
- "Tais Athens"