Biography
GUSTVE Kourbe, muimbi wechiFrench wezana rexix, akave akakurumbira nekuda kweiyo yakawandisa mufananidzo wechokwadi hwechisikigo. Canvas yake yakavhiringidzika nevateereri nekufungidzira. Munyori Alexander Duma (mwanakomana), akamboona mufananidzo "akarara", akanzi Courba "Kukurukurirana, kunyepedzera nemurume uye muimbi." Nanhasi, iro basa "rakabva nyika" rinoonekwa seimwe yeanonyanya kushamwaridzana uye kukurukurwa.Hudu uye Vechidiki
Jean Dezhave Kourbe akaberekerwa muna June 10, 1819 muguta reFrance reOran, risiri kure nemuganhu weSwitzerland, mumuridzi wemhuri yeminda yezambiringa yeRazis kourbe. Kubva padiki, gustave airatidza hunhu: Muna 1831, mukomana akapiwa kudzidza mumamineti, uye anobvuma, achiteerera kumharidzo yake, akaramba kubatwa nezvivi. Imwe mushure meimwe, vamiriri vekereke vakatiza kubva kumurume ane makore gumi nemaviri saDhiabhori.
Diki Naval, achida kutsigira mukurumbira wekutya kukuru kwetsika, akatungamira runyorwa rwezvivi, izvo zvaigona kuitwa - kubva mukuwedzera kusazvibata kwemhosva dzisiriyo. Kudzidziswa muSeminary hakuna kupa michero, uye muna 1837 gustaves pakuomerera kwababa vakapinda muumambo koreji yeBesirton kune iyo yekugadzirira makosi ekutonga.
Panguva imwecheteyo, jaya racho raifarira kupenda, raive ramupindirwa mumiririri weClassicism Charles-Antoine Flagus. Kusikwa kwakakwezva uyo wechiFrench akasimba pane kuita basa rekuita. Kurba akanyora:
"MuKoreji, ndakadzidza kuzvidza dzidziso. Ndakadzidza zvese zvaidikanwa, uye ndafunga kuti tisakwanire nezvinhu zvisina basa. "Muna 1839, jaya rakaenda kuParis, vachizivisa baba vanoenda kunodzidza zvakanaka. Muguta guru reFrance, akasangana naFrancois Bonen, mune ramangwana rakakura genrist. Akaratidza kuti Lourba Louvre.
Kufungidzira kwakakosha paFrance kwakaburitsa pendi neDunhu diki Dutch uye dzakaburitswa Spaniards: Bartolama Murillo, Francisco de Surbaran, Diego Velasqueza. Gare gare, achiva muimbi, gustapes akashandisa maneera yavo kuti agadzire pendi yakajeka ine toni dzakasviba.
Louvre rwendo rwekupedzisira rwakava nechokwadi chekuti jaya rekusarudza kupenda sechiitiko chikuru. Akapinda muhondo yechiRomanist weCharles de Shataiben, akabva aendeswa kuSwitzerland ndokuenderera mberi nezvidzidzo zvake. Zvichida pano unotanga biography yeanongbe artist.
Zvisikwa
MaSwitzers ekushandira haana kupenda nzvimbo uye vachiri kuita zvinhu - chinhu chemufananidzo pane canvas chaive chimiro chevanhu, kazhinji kazhinji. Zvichida nekuda kwekutadza kushanda pamwe nezvimwe zvinhu zveKourbe, kusika kwekusika kubva kuzviratidzira zvakatanga.
Muna 1841, "kuzvienzanisa neimbwa dema" yakanyorwa. "Kushongedzera" yaive yekupinda kune grotto phombir-phonteen. Pamabvi eGusteva ane makore 22 okukura akawana dema black spanel, iro gore rakatevera, muimbi akanyorera vabereki:
"Ini ndine imbwa inokwezva, yakachena yeChirungu Spanieri, iye akandipa imwe yeshamwari dzake; Wese munhu anofarira, uye mune imba munofadzwa zvikuru kupfuura ini. "Muna 1844, "kuzvienzanisa neimbwa diki" yakaiswa muParis Salon - kuratidzwa kwakanyanya kweFrance. Gare gare, makumi emakore ekuzvinyora akanyora kuti: "Munhu ane tubhu", "murume ane bhandi reganda", "Mhoroi Mrursbe!", Kupererwa.
Mugore rimwe chetero, Gürtlebi Kourbe akaenderera mberi nerwendo rwekuenda kuBelgium neNetherlands, kwaakasangana nemutengesi wependi. Kutenda kune izvi, 7 mabasa emhizha akatenga Hendarrick Villem Mesca Mesca Mesca Mesca Mesca Mesca - Muvambi weChikoro cheHague chekupenda, chikoro chinotungamira muNetherlands. Saka Kourbe yakazivikanwa kunze kwekunze kweNative France yake.
Mushure mekubudirira kwe "autoportist imbwa dema", iyo Paris Salon yakaramba muimbi mukuratidzira - iyo heidaya yemhando yeChikoro cheAcademism. "Kwete" vakanzwa mamwe mapepa: Eugene Delacrox, Oror Dzimba, Theodore Rousseau, Antoine Louis Bari. Pamwe chete ivo vakaronga kugadzira nzvimbo yehunyanzvi, iyo mukukurira yaisazokupa nzira kuParis Salon, asi zvirongwa zvakatyora shanduko ye 1848.
Mushure mekuchinja, iyo pikicha yemugodhi ine nguva yekufara yakaonekwa muParis Salon. Muna 1849, "zororo remasikati mu ornan" rakatengwa nehurumende yeFrance, uye nomubvumiri iye amene akapiwa menduru huru yeSalon. Mubairo wakabvumidzwa gustavu kuti uratidzirwe pasina mvumo.
Muna 1853, Kuba akagadzirwa uye akaendesa mufananidzo we "Swimsters" padare. Pakati pe canvas inoratidza mukadzi uzere kubva kumashure. Kusiyana nevamiriri venguva yeRenaissance Nguva iyi, mukadzi uyu mune zvemazuva ano zvaive zvisina kunaka, akapenya. Imwe tsoropodza yakacherekedza kuti pamberi pemuviri wakadai, "kunyange iyo crocodile ingadai yakarasika nzara yavo."
Inowanikwa mumufananidzo uye nezvevariro dzeBhaibheri. Saka, nzvimbo yeGiGoka Rakayeuchidza Mari yaMariya uye Jesu Kristu kubva kuEvangelical kuronga "Usandibata" (mufananidzo weAntonio naCorredgio "NOLIDE Me Tangere"). Iye mutariri akashanda kuti arege kugadzirira mufananidzo wakadai, uye Napoleon III, achiona mufananidzo, akaremerwa nehasha dzake. GUSTVE Kourba, aive akamirira kurumbidzwa kwepamusoro-soro kwenharaunda,
"Ndakachema nyika yose yehunyanzvi."Kushoropodzwa kusingazununguki hakuna kuvhundutsa murwi, uye akaramba achidaro nyuchi. Dzimwe nguva zvaive zvichimiririra vakadzi kubva pamifananidzo yeiyo French Photograph player del de villerenev, uye saka mabasa eKourbe akatanga kufanana nemifananidzo chaiyo, uye kwete pane artwork.
Muna 1866, Gustina Kourbe akanyora pendi mbiri dzinozvikudza kamwechete, rimwe renyika, "rakatangira nyika", akatanga kuratidzwa chete muXX century. Iyo "yekurara" canvas, iyo yakava nzvimbo yeruzhinji muna 1872, yakakonzera imwe dutu rehutsinye.
Vasikana vaviri vasina kupfeka vanoratidzwa mumufananidzo, pamwe mushure mebonde bonde - akapararira mazino ekushongedza, akadonhedza mibhedha. Iko kusviba kwe canvas kwakashanda sechikonzero chekuferefetwa kwemapurisa muna 1872. Kweanopfuura makore zana, kusvika 1988, basa rakaitwa mune zvakavanzika kuunganidzwa kwakarambidzwa kubudiswa.
"Ndeipi monster ... ichi bastard inogona kuitika? Pasi peiyo capiti yedapani, yakadiridzwa nemusanganiswa wewaini, doro, ine chepfu, ichi chibereko, ichi chibereko, kunyepedzera kuve munhu uye muimbi Uye isina simba, "mwanakomana) akashatirwa mutsamba kujecha reGeorges, achiona" akarara ".Neraki, Duma Jr. haana kuwana iyo scondous mufananidzo we "Mavambo epasi", asi yakave kiyi yeiyo mhinduro yeiyo huru muchivande chakavanzika - ndiani simulator. Pane canvas, yakanyorwa kuitira sheikh kalil sherill pasha, airatidzira mukadzi ane chiuno: kumberi yakafukidzwa nebvudzi genitals, ipapo - dumbu uye nemazamu asina mabumu.
Maererano neVakawanda vhezheni, KuRba Posed Ireland Joanna Hiffernan - Mumwe we "kurara", mudiwa weiyo Artist James Whistlller.
Muna 2013, mukuru wechuru airatidza chikamu chakawanikwa che "Mavambo epasi" anowanikwa. Mufananidzo uyu unoratidza musoro wemusikana, unonzi thezheni dzevanoshamisira canvas. Mumusikana, munyori wezvenhau wezvenhau Jean-Jacques Ferner akaziva Hiffernan.
Vashandi veOrsy Museum, uko kwekutanga "kwakatangira nyika" zvino kufumurwa, iyi dzidziso yacho yakanatswa. Muna 2018, munyori wenhoroondo Delaude Shupp akadzikisa mutsamba dzeAlexander Duma (mwanakomana) kuGeorges Sand Phrase:
"Hazvibviri kutsanangura zvakanyanyisa uye zvakaringana brashi delicate nutro mámoiselle kenya kubva kuOpera."Pamwe, yaive pamusoro peiyo yakakurumbira ballerina contacance Kenya, iyo panguva yekunyora iyo "yakatanga nyika" yaive isimbe yaSheikh kheriff asa. Vanyori venhoroondo dzezvakaitika kare vanoona hutsinye izvi zvinonyanya kutaurwa.
"Mavambo epasi" ndiwo mufananidzo unokosha kwazvo mukuunganidzwa kweGustas kourba. Yakanyorwa muna 1866, akararama nehondo yechipiri yenyika, yaionekwa seyakarasika, asi muna 1955 yakawanikwa nePsychoanalyst Jacques Lakan. Basa racho raichengetwa rakavanzika kubva pameso emeso kumashure kweiyo shift cannol, akashanda sekurudziro yekunyora basa "pfungwa ina dzepfungwa dzePsychoanalysis."
Mushure mekufa kwaLakan, pendi yakaendeswa kune oars museum yekubhadhara mutero wenhaka. Kubva panguva iyoyo, iyo "yakatanga nyika" inoratidzwa kuseri kwegirazi rine bullet, uye murindi ari padanda-kutenderera-wachi, kumisa chikumbiro chekusakurisa.
Hupenyu Hwako
Nezve hupenyu hwomunhu oltva kourba rinozivikanwa zvishoma. Zvinonzi muimbi aigara achinetsa nemapfupi ane simulars, kusanganisira Joann Hifferman uye Constance Kenya. Asi mumwe wavo, Virginia Bina, akabata pfungwa yeKurbe kwemakore gumi.
Vaviri ava vakasangana muParis kutanga kwa 1840s. Muna 1847, vaive nemwanakomana akafanirwa kurarama makore makumi maviri nemaviri. Muna 1850s, vadikani vakaparadzira goodbye, vanofungidzirwa nekuti Gustavu Bored Sangano reMusikana Wega. Virginia akasiya mwana kwaari.
Rufu
Muna 1871, Kuba akatsigira Paris Commune. Akagadzwa neCommissioner yetsika, basa rayo raive dziviriro yemabasa ehunyanzvi panguva yekukomba kweParis. Achishandisa mukana wepamutemo, muimbi anokurudzirwa kuputsa iyo wandom ikhodzi, iyo yainyatsogadzira "fungidziro yerudzi rweropa mubindu rine rugare."
Pane maternity kutsvaira monument anoti
"Iyo koramu ... inzvimbo yekubatira barbarm, chiratidzo chakashata uye kukudzwa kwenhema, kurambidzwa kwemutemo wepasi rese, kutuka kwekuwasha kwevakundi vanokundwa nemapato, kuedza kuri kuenderera mberi neumwe we Nheyo nhatu huru dzeFrench Republic - Hukama ... ".Musi waMay 18, 1871, chikamu chakaputswa, uye mazuva gumi gare gare maneja akawa. Vateveri kana kuurayiwa, kana kusungwa. Nguva yekutanga yekurumidzwa kwakakwanisa kudzivisa kurangwa. Musi waMay 30, mapurisa akatsvaga musangano wake, akatora machira gumi nemashanu. June 7 Gustava yabatwa. Nekuti kuparadzwa kwerandom yembiri, akatongerwa mwedzi mitanhatu yekusungwa. Zvakare, muimbi aifanira kudzoreredza mari inoshandiswa pakudzoreredzwa kwemament.
Kururbe kwaifanira kupatsanura pendi, asi mari yemari yakanga isina kukwana. Kwete kuda kuenda kunobhuroka nekuda kwekubhadhara kwegore negore muhuwandu hwezviuru zvemazana, Chikunguru 23, 1873, Artist akapukunyuka kuSwitzerland.
Hutano hwakadzama, kureva kuti, kusimudzira maHorphoids uye vashandi vemvura vakatendeuka makore ekupedzisira ehupenyu hweKurba kugehena kugehena. Rufu rwakamuwana zuva kusvika 1878, Zvita 31, 1877.
Shanda
- 1841 - "Kuzvibata-pachirindi neimbwa dema"
- 1845 - "Kuora mwoyo"
- 1849 - "Mushure mekudya kwemasikati mu ornan"
- 1853 - "Buckles"
- 1853 - "Viramu"
- 1854 - "Mhoroi, VaKourbe!"
- 1855 - "Musangano weMarti"
- 1861 - "Mukadzi mune White Stockings"
- 1866 - "Kurara"
- 1866 - "Mavambo epasi"
- 1870 - "Wave"