Biography
ILya Mesnikov isiriyo Scientist ane zita rine zita rakanyorwa nemabhii egoridhe munhoroondo yehuwandu hwehuwandu hwechirango kubva kuCytology kune nyota. Biologist biologist, "Baba" vedzidziso yekuzvidzivirira, pamusoro pevose vanokoshesa rationalism uye sainzi, vachiti: Kana zvisiri"Kurarama pasina kutenda, iyo yekupedzisira haigoni kuve yakasiyana, sekutenda kuri mukuziva kwezivo."Hudu uye Vechidiki
Ilya Ilyich akaberekwa muna Chivabvu 15, 1845 mumusha weIvanovka Kharkiv Province (ikozvino - Ukraine) mumhuri ine nhoroondo inofadza. Baba Ilya Ivanovich muridzi wevhu, mutariri wevarindi akauya achibva kune anobirika. Pakati pemadzitateguru ake, diplomat yakasarudzika yeiyo Xpillot, polyglot, mutori wechikamu muAzv Converter Peter The Great Nikolai Gavrilovich Spafarilog Spafari.
Amai - Emilia Lvovna, muMaiden neevhovich. Mwanasikana womurume akapfuma wePoland, ane mari uye nemuto wemarudzi e "mabhuku echiRussia" wechiRungu "evaRevhelevhevich nevakhovich. Babamunini vanoverengera muparidzi we "Elash" uye musoro weReverontoire weMamambo.
Baba vacho vaive Azarden uye vari nyore kusimuka, saka nenguva yekuzvarwa kwemwanakomana worugotwe, kupa mukadzi akapfuma atofungidzirwa, uye mhuri iyi yakatamira kumhuri estaveka. Vakoma vaviri vanun'una Mesnikov akazozadziswawo. Shumba ikashandukira kuita Swiss Geoghter, anarchist uye mutambi wechiitiko cheItaly yeRukova, uye bhuku rinonzi "rakakwanisa kupesvedzera zita reIrish." Ulysses ".
MuBiography of Hama Ivana, Anoshamisa Kwazvo Kwazvo Magumo. Muchuchisi wedare redura redura redare rakatambura nechirwere chakasimba, icho chakatungamira kurufu. Mazuva ekupedzisira uye mafungidziro emunhu uyu akaumba hwaro hwekutungamira kweLeo Tolstoy "Rufu rweIvan Ilyich." Kushanyira munyori nenzira yakajeka glade, muchuchisi aigovana pfungwa dzake, nekuti ndeupi wekuwedzera kuzivikanwa naye aine hunyoro, achigadzira fungidziro. Gare gare, minondo yechipfuva yechipfuva ichataura kuti hunyanzvi hwemabhuku eRussia akapa "kurondedzerwa kwakanyanya" kwekutya rufu.
Mhuri Manor muIvanovka vakapinda Vadzidzisi vekumba. Pakati pavo, mudzidzi wekurapa akadzidzisa mukoma waShumba, ndiye ega aive nechido uye akakomba wekushingairira wechidiki weIllya sainzi, achiedza, kuedza.
Muna 1856 akapinda mukirasi yechipiri yeKarkiv Male Gymnasium Nha. 2. Akapedza kudzidza muSangano nemenduru yegoridhe. Mufarire mukufarira kwebiology haina kurasikirwa. Pane kusapindirana, kushanyira hurukuro dzevakafara kufananidzira anatomy uye physiology muKharkov University.
Yakasarudzika nenyika itsva yezivo, ILYA inokumbira vabereki kuti vamutumire kudzidza kuGermany, asi kutonhora kunotonhora uye kushomeka kwemari kumanikidza murume wechidiki kudzoka nekukurumidza mushure mekubva. Chikuru chikara cheichi "babble" yaive basa raCharles Darwin "yakatanga", kuzivana naye kwandaigona kukurudzira musayendisiti.
Yakapinda mubazi rezvisikwa wezvemanyama uye masvomhu eKarkov University. Chirongwa chemudzidzi chakasarudzika kwete kwemakore mana, uye zve2, izvo zvakapa mukana wechidiki wemasayesa wemauto. Gare gare, mapfumo achiri "akakunda" Germany. Muna 1864 akaitisa tsanangudzo pachitsuwa cheHelgoland, akazoshandisa muBabhoritari Rudolf Lecade muGerman Campus Gisen.
Pazera ramakore makumi maviri, akatamira kuItari, kwaanowanzojairana nePiologist Alexander Kovalevsky, ndiani achazova mumwe wake uye shamwari yakatendeka. Zvekuita zvakabatanidzwa muhumambo hwejaya rejaya, mugodhi wakakurumbira wechikepe akawanikwa. Pakudzokera kuRussia, Ilya Ilyich anochengetedza nguva dzose tenzi, uyezve dissertation yekudzidzisa, yakakwanisa kugamuchira madhigirii ekuzvidza asati asvika makore makumi maviri nemashanu.
Sainzi
Zviwanikwa zvakaitwa naMesnikov vaimhanyirazve uye vasingabudiriri kubva munharaunda yesainzi, nekuti pfungwa dzakashanduka dzakatogadzwa pachena nezvebasa remuviri wemunhu kubva mumisoro yemunhu kubva mumisoro yemunhu kubva mumisoro.
Kunyangwe iro basa rakakosha resainzi, dzidziso yePhagocytic isingadzivisiki, iyo yaAri muna 1908 yakagamuchira mubairo weNobel mumunda wePhilliology nemushonga, wakashoropodzwa.
Pamberi peMeknikov, chena ropa matongo ainzi awonekwa kana achibata nemisangano yezvipenga nezvirwere. Masayendisiti akapokana kuti Leukocytes anodzivirira anodzivirira mumuviri, ayo anotora zvimedu zvemukati mukati. Mupiro wesayenzi ndewekuriremba kwenzanga dzenyika anoziva kuti tembiricha yakasimudzwa chiratidzo chekurwa nekusadzivirirwa, saka zvinokuvadza kupfura kusvika kune imwe chiratidzo.
Chokwadi chinonakidza: Zvaive zvakakodzera kutsanangura "zvesangano" kwaari. Kufunga nezve mapoka emakungwa emakungwa muItaly mesina muna 1882, akawana kuti masero anofamba (phagocytes) miviri yedzimwe nzvimbo yekune dzimwe nyika ichipinda mukoma, uye "vazvidye" ivo.
"Zvakandiwira," iwo munondo akanyora ipapo, kuti masero akadaro anofanirwa kushanda mumuviri kuti aporese manhamba anokuvadza. Ndakazviudza kuti kana fungidziro yangu yaive yakanaka, ipapo ZANOZA, yakaisa mumuviri weiyo mauto echituru, inofanirwa kuve yakakomberedzwa nemasero anofamba nemasero anofamba munguva pfupi, sezvazvinongoonekwa mumunhu akasimuka chigunwe chake. "Kuve wakamira pink spikes mumaruva, osimbisa dzidziso yezana uyezve chikamu chemuzambiringa wekugezesa zivo yakawanikwa, manyoro, physiology uye imwe yerimwe dzifungo, dzimwe dzadzo dzichava classic.
Muna 1886th vakadzokera kuRussia, vakagara muOdessa. Pakasvika kubva kuFrance neEpidemiologist Nikolai Gamlei, uyo akadzidza kuLouis Pasteur, iyo nzira yekudzivirira kurwisa dzimba. Mugore rimwe chetero, masayendisiti akavhura yechipiri yechipiri hutachiona hwehutachiona hwekurwisa hutachiona hwehutachiona.
Kwapera gore, minondo inoenda kuParis, kwaanogashira nzvimbo paPasteur Institute. Maererano nezvimwe mishumo, musayendisiti akasarudza kuenda nekuda kwehutsanana hwevakuru nevakuru vemunyenzi kwaari. MuFrance, anowana rugare uye anozivikanwa zvakanaka.
Kushanda padivi nepfungwa dzakanaka dzeNguva, anonyora zvinonakidza mabasa pamusoro pe cholera, typhoid tubreklosis, denda. Akaramba ari mushandi weInstitute kusvikira pakupera kwemazuva ake, akazozotevera yunivhesiti. Yakatsigirwa neRussia vaunoshanda navo, inosanganisira kuenderana neIvan Schenenv, Dmitry Mendeleev, Ivan Pavlov.
Kwete kungoongorora zvesayenzi, asiwo mabhukuwo akazvitsaurira kune nyaya dzouchenjeri, dzidziso yezvinhu zvakasikwa, chitendero chakabuda mupeni. Muongorori asinganeti pakuvira kwezuva aive muve muvambi wesainzi gesontology uye akaunza dzidziso yeOrthobiosis:
"Hupenyu hwakakodzera hwakavakirwa pakudzidza kwehunhu hwevanhu uye kutanga mari kururamisa disharmonia."
Kufunga kuti munhu anogona kurarama makore zana uye akareba, Swallerwaders mukusimbisa anoshambadzira hurongwa hwehutongi hwekudya, hutsanana. Nekungova nevanhu vanofara chete, mumaonero ake, munhu aigona kusundwa kusingatyi kubva ku "pfungwa yehupenyu" kune "nzira yekufa". Yakatsanangura maonero avo zvakadzama mumabasa ezvemabasa ezve tariro uye etude nezve chimiro chemurume.
Pakati pezvinhu zvinokanganisa kunaka uye kurarama hupenyu, sainzi yakaratidza microflora yemukati. Kukwira kwehupenyu hwakareba uye hunofadza, unokudzwa kuvhurwa kweBulgaria Lactic chopstick nemudzidzi nemudzidzi. Muna 1908, vakanyora chinyorwa nezvezvakanakira mukaka wakasviba. Kutenda kuMesnikov, Yogurt, KEGir uye zvimwe zvigadzirwa zvekushongedza zvakabatanidzwa mukudya kwemazuva ese, kupa rutsigiro kumuviri.
Hupenyu Hwako
Kunyangwe kubatanidzwa musainzi, pakavanda veMadhimoni Vanga vari munhu wepamoyo, vanodzvanya madonhwe emhepo. Mukuyaruka kwakatambura nekushamisika uye rugare rwomukati rwakawana uye maonero akanaka epasi.
Kaviri akaroora. Nomumwe wekutanga Lyudmila Fedorovich akaroora muna 1869. Mwenga akatambura kubva ku tuberculosis uye aive asina kusimba zvekuti akaunzwa kuchechi muchigaro. Pashure pemakore mana, Lydmila akafa, uye minondo inosemesa yakafunga kuzviuraya, kumwa morphine. Iyo dosi yakanga yakakura uye yakakonzera kuridza kwerudzi Reflex.
Mukadzi wechipiri waOlga aive mudzidzi wake, mudzidzi. Pakanga pasina vana vanobva vaviri.
Rufu
Ilya Ilyich akafa muna 1916 anopesana nechirwere chemoyo, akapona pamberi pechiitiko chedocardial infant.
Muviri wakabviswa nesainzi inoteverwa nekuparadza. Madota esayenzi ari kuPasteur Institute.
Mubairo
- 1867 - Karl Bair Prize
- 1902 - Nhengo yeDiversburg Academy yeScience
- 1906 - Copley Medal
- 1908 - Nobel Mubairo mune Physiology uye Mushonga
- 1916 - Albert Medal (Royal Society for arts)