Biography
Alexey Savrasov - Mufungo wedzimba muRussia pendi, murume weanonyanya kuderera. Mabasa ake ane nhetembo dzavanotaridzika senhetembo dze classics, achinyora pane canvas. Geniya akadaidza vadzidzi, vateereri vakaverenga kuti Shoko idzva muhunyanzvi, asi kuparadzwa kwemhuri, kudhakwa uye nematambudziko ekunyora akatevera aya akatungamirwa nemhizha kune inoitika zvinosiririsa.Hudu uye Vechidiki
About makore ekutanga muBiography weAlexei Kondratyevich anoziva zvishoma. Iye ndiye moskvich. Akazvarwa muchirimo cha 1830 mumhuri yevatengesi vanogara munharaunda yeZamoskvorechye.
Baba veKondrati Artemyevich raive kubereka Haberdashery uye vakarota kuti vana vaizogara nhaka yeinini yake yekutengeserana. NIAZHDA mukoma waNadezhda, NiKolay, uyo akagara nhaka yebhizinesi remhuri rakabvumirwa nemubereki wetariro. Chinhu chinonakidza - kusvika makumi mashanu, muimbi akanyora zita rake saBaba - kubudikidza ne "O", "Sepras, asi akazotevera." Nekudaro, nehanzvadzi dzine single-dzakaparadzana nembamu manhasitamiya.
Iye mukomana akatanga kufadza neunyanzvi hwekuona. Watova na12, akapenda mvura yemvura uye gouacha midziyo yerudo rerudo. Mabasa akaitwa neyanyadenga akaendeswa semabasa chaiwo ehunyanzvi uye akatenga nemufaro mumugwagwa kuti pakutanga baba vaona tarisiro yekubatsira, vakafadzwa. Zvese zvakachinja kubva panguva iyo vadiki Alexey vakazivisa sarudzo yekudzidza kubva kuMhizha uye pinda chikoro cheMoscow chekupenda uye chifananidzo (mimhanzi).
Senior senovas zvakakamurwa zvakakamurwa nesarudzo yemwanakomana, iyo muna 1844 yakabudirira kupfuura bvunzo dzekupinda uye dzakava mudzidzi. Ikoko kwakarangwa neinokubviswa, kusada kwevabereki uye kunyange neutapwa muzvimedu. Iko kusavapo kwejaya mumakirasi muvanhu kwakatsanangurwa nezvikonzero zvemhuri.
Chingori nekuda kwekugara kwekutanga mumudzidzi ane tarenda evadzidzisi, vaunodzidza navo uye kukwidziridzwa kweOber-Politzmeter moscow Dmitry Luzina Alexey akakwanisa kudzokera kukirasi yeCharles Ivanovich Rabus.
Muenzaniso womuranda muhupenyu hweSavrasov akakosha. Anopedza kudzidza kweiyo St. Petersburg Chikoro chehunyanzvi, nzvimbo ine tarenda, akatanga kuve nemudzidzisi. Tenzi wemashoko akakurira uye akafuridzirwa Kamenev, Hertz, Amoni, Bucharov nevamwe vazhinji. Pasi pake kutanga, manyiri wemudzidzi akazivisa - Savarasov akabvumirana naPhenomenon nyowani muRussia pendi.
Kupenda
Mifananidzo yakagadzirwa mumakore emudzidzi yakagamuchira kucherechedzwa kweveruzhinji nevanoshanda navo. Muna 1848, tarenda rake rakacherechedzwa muchirevo chakakosha chevarume. Muna 1849 iye, semunyori wemakwenzi akanakisa evadzidzi, anokumbira hutachiona hwerudzi rwerwendo rwekusika kuenda kumaodzanyemba kweSouth of Russia. Nezve mabasa akagadzirwa pasi pekufungidzira kwerwendo, kutsoropodza nikolai Ramanov akanyora:
"Nyika dzeSavrasova ... Speehness, dzakasiyana-siyana uye dzakatorwa nehuranda hwemuridzi nekuda kwekudziya uye pamwe chete nemaonero anonzwisisika pane zvakasikwa."Muma 1850, akaunza kuDare reMurume Anoshanda .
Chimwe chezvinhu zvakakosha zvemabasa eMusiki zvinobaya, zvakasikwa zvakasikwa, zvakazadzwa nepfungwa. Kuonokera kutsikisa tsika dzerudo, akawedzera kuCanvas realism, kusava nebasa, kutendeseka.
Iyo "kudhonza" runako rwemufananidzo wake rwakakwezva kutarisa kwekutsiva. Mune 1854th mwanasikana wechikunda wemuchinda akawana imwe yemabasa emunyori eSergiyevka, iri pakati peiyo Brilliant Petersburg Suburbs: Oranienbau uye Peterf.
Rwendo rwacho ruchabereka. Inoshanda yakanyorwa pano ichaunza zita remakore rine makore makumi maviri nemana rekudzidza, uye "maonero munharaunda yeOranienbamu" achafara kutenga paltyakov. Iyo nyanzvi ichapinda mune rondedzero yekutanga kuratidzwa kwekuunganidzwa kweGara rake, uko pikicha ichiripo.
Muna 1858, mushure mekufa kwemuranda wake waaida, muimbi akananga kudivi remamiriro ezvinhu evarume. Vadzidzi vake vachange vari vatenzi vane mbiri: Isaya Revhitiko, hama Korovny, Mikhail nestev. Iwo mweya werusununguko akatonga muMuproistosho hwaSavrashop, akaregeredza kurangwa uye akabvumira mari zhinji kupfuura iyo charter inobvumirwa. Igor Grabar akanyora:
"Savasov aiziva kukurudzira vadzidzi vake, uye avo vakagombedzera nekunamata nechido chechisikigo, vakabatikana kuita denderedzwa repedyo, vakashanda kusanganisa maoko uye mumusangano, uye pachisikigo."
Pashure pacho, maitiro ake pedagegarical anozova chimwe chezvikonzero zvekudzingwa kubva kuyunivhesiti pamwe chete nedoro. Superb yakasanganisira zviitiko zvekugadzira uye kudzidzisa zviitiko. GORE mushure mekugadzwa, akanyora imwe yenzvimbo dzakanakisa - "Landscape neRwizi uye hove muhove" (zvino yakachengetwa muRiga).
Mumakumi matanhatu, vakapinda muchiratidziro chevaMarity mall, vaifamba muEurope, mukunyora vaChinyakareredzwa neVasily Pukirev, vakaburitsa bhuku rekudhirowa. Korona yemakore gumi ezvisikwa yaive "Losyina Island muSokolniki".
Iyo 70th yakava nguva yakanyanya kunaka iri mubasa uye iyo inguva yakakura kwazvo muhupenyu hwega hwevaimbi. Anofamba zvakawanda. Kusiya Moscow, kwenguva yakareba anogara mudunhu. Fungidziro huru pane savaraso inoburitsa volga uye nyika munzvimbo yepedyo yerwizi rwakasimba uye rwakawanda ruva. Iyo Zavolzhsky yakapihwa yakanyorwa pane akawanda canvasi, kusanganisira "Burlaki pane volga". Iyo inoshuvira kuti makore maviri gare gare, iyo canvas iine zita rimwe chete rinogadzira rakanakisa ILLLYA ririnze.
Pasinei nenyaya yekuti Savrasov inenge ichibatanidza neiyo tsime, muimbi akanyora zvisikwa nguva dzese. Semuenzaniso, mune iyo nhaka yemunyori yakawanda yebasa nezita rimwechete "nguva yechando nzvimbo".
Muna 1871, anonyora "gracis akabhururuka" - mufananidzo wainzi zita rake zvino rave kusarudzika zvachose. Iyo canvas yakatanga kuratidzwa pakuratidzira kwedudziro yeiyo mubatanidzwa weMidhi-mbozha kuratidzwa, mumwe wevashandisi veiyo yaive Savrasov. Ivan Kramskaya, achienzanisa iyo canvas nemabasa evarindi, akanyora
"Miti, mvura uye kunyange mhepo, asi kune mweya mumwe chete mune" grakita "."
Mumakumi masere-90-X "kunyora" kwemunyori kwakava kusaenzana. Zvinetso zve doro zvakakanganiswa, kurwadzisa kukuru uye hurombo, umo muimbi anotukwa. Pakati pebasa renguva - "Landscape. VolynSky musha, "uko zvinhu zvisingawanzoitika kuna Savrasov - pombi dzekuputa, fekitori inogona kunge iri.
Chimiro chomunongerwo chomunyori, tarisa kuRussia zvakasikwa zvave chiitiko chakakosha munhoroondo yekupenda, izwi rake remwoyo wose haisi vhesi. Kufarira kwehunhu uye kusika Savrasova kuchiri kure: mafirimu anobviswa pamusoro pake, vanonyora zvinyorwa zvinonetsa, vanoratidzira, vakawanda nhaka yemhizha yemazita evazadzi.
Hupenyu Hwako
Muchiito 18577 chegumi nemana chakabatanidzwa nemuchato wepamutemo naSofia Hertz, uyo aive nehanzvadzi yeshamwari yake neyunivhesiti comrade. Muwanano, vana vashanu vakazvarwa. 2 yevanasikana vemhizha vakafa vachipinda muhucheche, ndewomunhu uye vakaroora vachirova vanotyisa.
Muna 1876, vaviri vakaparadzaniswa. Mukadzi akaenda kuhanzvadzi yake, achitora vana, uye muhupenyu hwevaimbi rakatanga nguva yekudzungaira. Kwakapindwa muropa nedoro, kuvapo kweYyschensky kwaityaira, kubatsirwa nerubatsiro, iro rakapihwa shamwari "kubva kare", semuenzaniso, Trityakov. Makore maviri akaumbwa pamwe nekutenda kindaakova. Kubva 1983 kusvika kurufu, aigara neCatherine Morgundova, uyo akamupa tariro yemwanasikana uye mwanakomana Alexei, akazova muimbi ane mukurumbira weSoviet.
Rufu
Makore uye kupindwa muropa nezvinorodzwa kwedoro kwakadurura hutano hwemhizha. Kukanganikwa nevanhu vese, muna 1897, akafa muchipatara kune varombo.
Vaviri vaive varipo pane yekuvigwa: Tretyakov vafambi uye mudzidzi waRevitan, akarondedzera vatenzi seizvi:
"Savrasova akaoneka mazwi ari pakupenda nyika uye rudo rusina magumo enyika yake, uye izvi zvisina kujairika zvekukodzera hazvizombokanganikwa mumunda weRussia Art."Guva iri riri pane vagankovsky makuva.
Pendi
- 1850 - "Dombo mudondo riri musizi"
- 1852 - "Mambakwedza Paku Steppe"
- 1854 - "Tarisa munharaunda yeOranienbaum"
- 1859 - "Landscape neRwizi uye hove yehove"
- 1862 - "Swiss Nornuts"
- 1869 - "Losyina Island muSokolniki"
- 1871 - "Burlaki paVolga"
- 1871 - "Graci Flew"
- 1871 - "Pechersk Monastery near Nizhny Novgorod"
- 1873 - "Rape"
- 1875 - "Rainbow"
- 1884 - "Kutuzov Hut mumagari"