Biography
Muzivi wekare wechiGiriki akasiyiwa nheyo mbiri chete dzakagara nhaka chete, uye vakachengetedzwa chete muchimiro chezvimedu uye makotesheni, asi vakawana pfungwa dzakawanda dzakashinga dzinotarisira ramangwana riri kure. Mune biography yeanotarisa zvakaoma kupatsanura chokwadi kubva ku ngano. Vakararama vacho vaitenda kuti ane mauto emweya uye akatokwanisa kumutsidzira vakafa, uye anofunga kuti aitsigira aitsigira pfungwa yekubva kwake. Bertrand Russell mubhuku "nhoroondo yeWestern Uzivi" inonzi EMPEDOCLA"Musanganiswa wePirairo, muporofita, murume wesainzi, naCharlatan."Hudu uye Vechidiki
Pamakore evechidiki vechidiki vanozivikanwa zvishoma, uye kunyange nezvezuva rekupokana kwake neruzivo. Vanyori venhoroondo vazhinji vanowanzoitika kuti yaive 390 kusvika nguva yedu. Chikamu chikuru chehupenyu hwevanhu vanofunga chakaitwa muguta reAkraganta (zvino - Agrigento) muSicily zvakanyorwa, zvichiratidzwa zvakanyorwa, zvinowanzotaurwa nezvenyaya yeEmEDOCL kubva kuApragant. Dzimwe nzvimbo dzinoitika zvakare kujekesa "Mwanakomana wehuMwari".
Ruzivo rwepfungwa pamusoro penzizi runozivikanwa zvakanyanya kubva kubasa re diogen Laurotsky, yavo yega ecenction uye mabasa evamwe vamwe vekare vanofunga. Akava Muvambi weChikoro cheOratory, akanyora zvinyorwa zvekutaura uye aive nemukurumbira wekuita zviitiko. Aristotle akazviratidza kuti muvambi we rhetoric.
Empedocl yaive mutsigiri wakasimba weDemocracy uye akatsigira iyo nyowani nyowani yekuenda munzira iyi. Chinzvimbo chake munharaunda zvakaremerwa, uye chinzvimbo chiri kugonesa, asi aisakwanisa kuchengetedza muguta. Vatsigiri veTirani vakatapa simba uye vakatongera muzivi wenhere kunobva kuguta. Mushure mekukundwa, kusimbisa moyo kwakatama kubva kune zvematongerwo enyika, kunyudzwa zvizere muhunyanzvi.
Vakararama vacho vaitenda kuti Huntermo akafamba chaizvo, uye zvaive chaizvo sosi yeruzivo rwake rukuru - vapristi veIjipita vanogona kudzidziswa nehunyanzvi uye nemushonga weuroyi - varume vakangwara veMabvazuva, asi kusimbiswa yenyaya yekuti iyo Intique inofunga yaive iri munzvimbo dzakasiyana, kwete.
Munyika dzekuzvarwa, muzivi aionekwa seanoshamisa uye n'anga. Akaverengerwa nezvishamiso zvakasiyana, kusvika pakumuka kwevakafa - anonzi akakwanisa kumutsidzira mukadzi, mazuva makumi matatu akange akanyarara. Akareva rwendo - zvinoenderana nengano, kana mhepo yakambovapo zvekuti vakarwadza kukohwa, Mwari akarairwa kuti aite mitezo yembongava uye akavatambanudzira makomo nezvirimo, mushure mekunge mamiriro ekunze aivandudzwa.
Zvakare, vaziviriri vanonzi Selanddi Ruponeso kubva kudenda redenda: Akarayira kuti aputwe nedombo kuti riite guta remubatanidzwa muguta rekufa, uye munguva pfupi mhepo yekuchamhembe yakasvika pamamiriro ezvinhu uye akatora chirwere ichi.
Uzivi
Pfungwa dzake dzeMimba dzeMusinye mufomu rechitunha. Vafundisi vanofunga vanochengetwa nekugadzirisa mumabasa, nhetembo yake: "Kuchenesa" uye "pane zvakasikwa". Vanofungidzirwa kuti, midziyo zviuru zvishanu mavari, asi nhetembo dzakabatanidzwa mumitemo inoratidza pfungwa dzake kwete chete, asi zvakare aimbova tenzi weSyllable uye nehunyanzvi hwashandiswa madimikira uye mamwe maitiro ezve stuetic art.
Mudiki, Empedocl vakatsigira Pythagorea razvino, asi akabva adzingwa mumitsara yevadzidzi - kunyangwe akatengesa ruzivo rwevakavanzika zvake, kana kuti nekuda kwekuti iye akazvipira kuita chero munhu upi zvake (hapana ane pfungwa maonero). Dzimwe pfungwa dzePythagora, kunyanya dzidziso yeiyo chikamu, yakabva yaumba hwaro hweNyika yeNatroposhy weanofunga.
Kurovedzera kweMunyu kunobva kurapa kweiyo arhem - iyo primancy Izvo zvinhu, kuve nekusingaperi uye zvisina kuchinjika, zviri kugara zvichikura, zadza nzvimbo uye kuumba zvinhu zvese zvakatenderedza, kusanganisira muviri wemunhu. Semuenzaniso, ropa rine zvinhu zvina nenzira dzakaenzana, uye mapfupa e4 zvikamu zvemoto, 2 - Pasi uye 2 - moto. Panguva imwecheteyo, izvo izvo ivo pachavo vanopfuura uye vasingagadzi chero chinhu, asi fambisa nekurohwa kwemauto maviri akapesana - faira (rudo) uye Neukos (Ruvengo).
Kuzvarwa uye kufa kweSamodecle kwakatarisa pfungwa dzisina kunaka, kumashure uko kune hukama hwakareruka uye kupatsanurwa kwezvinhu. Izvi zviviri zvinozadza zvese zviripo, zvichigadzira cyclic maitiro, panguva yekubatana uye vazhinji vanowanzo kuratidzwa.
Munhetembo dzenhetembo, muzivi akataura zvakawanda zveangariro angave pamberi penguva yake. Ipapo, zvakadaro, mazano akashinga aya aive asingakwanise kusimbisa emusoro, uye vanhu vakararama nemaziso eSamodocle sezvakanaka, asi nekukura kwesainzi, masayendisiti akashamiswa kuve musainzi yekare yemazano mazhinji anokosha musainzi yekare.
Semuenzaniso, Empedocl vakatsigira mutemo wekuchengetedza (kwenguva yekutanga inoratidzwa neaats), kupokana kuti hapana chinomuka kubva mumhanje. Mukuratidzira "pane zvakasikwa", akanyora kuti mwenje unopararira pane imwe kumhanya, iyo yakakura, asi kukura kwekupedzisira. Zvakare mumabasa eAmMecal akawana nheyo dzepfungwa dzepanyama, rakagadzirwa naDarwin: Muzivi akapokana kuti mhando dziri kuramba dzichichinja, uye dzinopona chete zvakanyanya kujairirwa.
Nomuzvarirwo, dzidziso yake kazhinji haina kufanana nemifungo yemazuva ano biology - semuenzaniso, uyo anofunga, majoini ekutanga aive nemiviri yemitero, kusanganisira hypotheses yakaratidzwa uye yakagadziriswa mune vanyori ve vateveri vakaiswa zvekudzidza hupenyu hwe organic.
Izvi hazvisi izvo chete mupiro kune sainzi yakagadzirwa neiyo muzivi. EmpEdocl akataura nepfungwa yemhepo sechimwe chinhu, chakanyorwa kucherechedzwa kweiyo Sangano reCentrifugal Chokwadi uye rakaratidza kuti mwedzi unovhenekera zvake, asi maChiedza airatidza. Ainyanya kufarira kubereka: kunyanya zvisinganzwisisike, ainyatsotarisa kuberekwa vana vaviri vanosarudza vaviri uye vakaedza kutsanangura chiitiko ichi kuburikidza nefungidziro yemweya wekugara pasi.
Muzivi wekare ndewekufunga nezvemunda uye fungidziro mumunda wekurapa, kunyanya maererano nemishomani uye pfungwa dzekunzwa. Aive mumwe wevane wekutanga kuedza kupatsanura kupora kwake kubva kuchiratidzo uye zvatinotenda. Empedocle inosimbirira iyo mushonga - sainzi, kwete muchivande ruzivo rwezvemashiripiti, uye chiremba anosungirwa kudzidza muviri wemunhu, uye kwete kungotevera ngano dzekare.
Kubva pane maonero ekuona kweGnoseology, embenecl akaita mutsigiri wezivo yehunyanzvi uye aive netariro maererano nemiganhu yayo, kupokana kuti chokwadi chiripo uye hapana zvipingamupinyi zvakakosha pakunzwisisa kwayo. Panguva imwecheteyo, nyika yemunhu inoziva manzwiro: nhengo dzayo dzinoshanda kune chinhu chiri kufunda uye kuburikidza nemapurisa anokosha anoziva ruzivo. Iyo yakafara pores, iyo yakawanda yakawanda uye yakaomarara ruzivo kuburikidza navo iwe unogona kuona uye kuziva.
Pamwe chete neAnKakagor, Empordocle akaisa nheyo dzekusimudzira kweuzivi hweGreek, uko dzidziso dzedzidziso dzevaranda, mabasa aAristotle naPlato vakasimuka.
Hupenyu Hwako
Hapana chinozivikanwa pamusoro pemukadzi weiyo huru muzivi. Zvizadzi, zvakadaro, zvacho zvaive: Satir mu "Hupenyu Hwekutaurisa" unotaura kuti Mwanakomana aberekwa, uyo waaifunga kuti unokuzvara mukuremekedza Baba vake vanowedzera. Zvakare mune mamwe masosi anotaurwa nezvemwanasikana, ane chinangwa, angave akatsaura netsaona chikamu chezvinyorwa zvakasara zvehurudziro.
Empedocle yakasarudzika nehunhu hwekuwedzera uye aida kusimbisa hukuru pamusoro pevamwe. Akapfeka zvipfeko zvemupristi - mbichana yepepuru, korona yegoridhe uye korona yeDelphian, kwese kwakatarisana nekwavo kwakakomberedzwa nemasutu uye vadzidzi vairamba vakafemesera nevagari vemo. Akawana tsika yakanaka kubva kuvabereki vake, iyo yaaisarudza kushandisa nenzira yekutanga, achirovera dowry uye kuronga michato inobudirira kwavari.
Rufu
Nezve How Eledocl akafa, kune mashoma mashoma mashoma - kubva kuimba kuti anyarare. Diogen Laurorty inotungamira 2 yavo. Maererano nerimwe, muzivi akakurumbira akakuunzwa kudenga ari mupenyu, uye "anofanira kubayirwa saMwari waMwari." Maererano neyechipiri - Empedocl akasarudza kuzviuraya: kunzwa nzira yerufu, akamhanyira kuThe Volcano. Vanopemberera vakadzidza nezverufu rwake, vakawana shangu dzake dzebrashi mumadota.
Nekudaro, mune imwe humbowo hwakanyorwa kwenguva iyoyo, shanduro dzakareruka dzinowanikwa: Zvinogoneka kuti Humambo hwakawa kubva mungon yakaenda kuzororo reMessen, rirwara shure kwaizvozvo, akafa. Izvo zvakare zvakataurwa kuti kutaura chokwadi uye kwakawira mugungwa. Kuva murume wekare asina kusimba, muzivi haana kutsungirira mafungu uye akanyura.
Ndeipi yekududzirwa ndeyechokwadi uye kuti yaive yakonzera rufu, haina kuzivikanwa kuregererwa. Vanyori venhau dzakaitika havabvumirani nepfungwa, vane makore mangani panguva yekufa: 60, 77 kana 109.
Vazukuru vakavamisa chifananidzo cheE-sate mutaundi rekumusha kwake. Gare gare, vaRoma vakakwira nayo kuguta guru uye vaipfekedza mraba pamberi pechivakwa Seneti. Zviratidzo zvechiziviso zvemuzivi zvakare zvakachengetedzwa, zvichienderana neupi mumwe anogona kuita maonero ekutaridzika kwayo.
Quotes
Yakawanda midhariro zvakashata zvakashata kune izvo zvinowedzera zvekutora. Pane mafungiro asina kujairika mumweya nezvechisimba. Cospos imwe, asi imwe chete, chikamu chezvakasikwa, zvimwe zvacho zvacho Chinhu chisingawirirane. Izvo hazviitike kubva pasina, uye hapana chinogona kuve chinofanira kuparadzwa.Mafambiro
- "Nezve Chisiko"
- "Kuchenesa"