Biography
Chiremba weRoma Claudius Galen akaita mupiro unoshamisa mukuvandudzwa kwesainzi. MuBiography yake, "akawanda" mavara ", uye kubva pachibvumirano chakapona kota, asi izvi hazvina kudzivirira makore akati wandei kufunga nezvayo seaxioms. Kunyangwe zvikanganiso zvisingazungunuke zveGareni, kusvika pakuratidzira, kwaionekwa sezvavakataura, uye mabasa ake akafanorongerwa kukudziridzwa kwemushonga wokuMadokero kwezana ramakore gumi nemashanu pamberi.Hudu uye Vechidiki
Garen akaberekerwa muna 131 muPergamma, guta riri kuMalaya Asia (zvino riri Turkish Bergama), munguva yebhodhi raMambo Adriana. Vanotsvagurudza vanowanzogumisa kuti Clauduus haasi zita chairo, asi iyo yekushongedza isina mhosva yeClarissimus zita "rakanaka", iro rakawedzerwa kuzita remunyori mumanyoro eMedieval.
Chiremba mune ramangwana akazvarwa mumhuri yakachengetedzwa uye yakadzidza. Baba vaNikoni vakanzwa mfungawo akakurumbira uye kuverenga kwevanhu vezvemasvomhu, saka akanyatsoteerera kudzidzisa kwemwanakomana, achirota kuti aizoita muzivi anozivikanwa kwaari pazuva rimwe. Sekureva kwengozi, shandura chisarudzo uye kupa Garen kuti udzidze kurota kwemishonga - panguva iyoyo, vaRoma vakakukoshesa zvikuru uye vaiongorora zviitiko zvakadaro hutungamiri.
Mushonga uye zviitiko zvesainzi
Mushonga waGalena wakadzidziswa masayendisiti ePergham, kusanganisira Anatas Satir uye Pathologist Strothonik. Baba pavakazofa, jaya racho raifamba rwendo kuenda kuSmirna kutora ruzivo rwevanongoitwa nevanachiremba venzvimbo. Ikoko akaenderera mberi nekudzidza pasi pehutungamiri hwePelps akakurumbira - munyori wefungidziro yehukama hwekufema nekupararira kweropa. Izvi zvakatanga kushandisa izwi rekuti "aura" (kubva kumhepo yechiGiriki "), kutenda kuti mhepo yemhepo inofamba mukati memuviri nemidziyo. Gare gare, Galen akashanyira Korinde, kwaakadzidza sainzi yezvinodhaka uye sainzi yakasikwa, uye muAlexandria, kwaakapinda mune vadzidzi kuAnomat Heraklion.
Panguva iyoyo, Alexandria akafamba pakati pesainzi yekurapa, uye chiremba wechidiki akarota nekuwana ruzivo rwakasiyana uye vane ruzivo ipapo. Zvisinei, panguva yakati, Gara wakabuda, unorambidza kugadzirira kwemiviri yemunhu, uye anatomy yaifanira kudzidziswa pamakonzo uye mimwe midziyo.
Garen akadzoka kumba akaodzwa mwoyo. Sezvo akazvitsaurira kufamba kwemakore matanhatu, akagara mumatehwe ake. Pakazosvika chiremba ane makore makumi matatu nemasere. Akapinda munzvimbo yekuvhiya yekuvhiya kune chikoro chevarwi uye makore 4 anotevera akarega hunyanzvi hwekuwedzera dislocations, kusona ras uye kurapwa kwemapengo. Basa racho raive rakaoma, rakafanana neyezuva nezuva varwi vehondo-vemumusango, chete pasina michina yemazuva ano, mishonga uye anesthesia.
Chiitiko Garenhi chakakodzera mushure mekuratidzira kugona kwake kushandisa chitunha cheMhungu. Iyo mamiriro ehutano hwemabadhi akapiwa kutarisirwa kwepedyo: kukuvara kuti chiremba anonzi "Windows Windows", akapa mukana wekugamuchira zano reanatomy. Munguva yebasa rake, vashanu chete vashanu varwi vakafa, nepo mutungamiriri wavo akavigwa 60.
Kana muna 164 kumuka kwakatanga muguta, chiremba ane makore makumi matatu nematatu akatamira kuguta guru. Akakurumidza kuwana mukurumbira, kwete sachiremba chete, asiwo sehunyanzvi hwekuziva. Mufudzi wake wekunyepa ainyanya kusungirwa kuchizivi - Akaporesa kuti kubva pakurwara zvakakomba, uye vafundisi vaitenda vakamurumbidza muRoma wese sachiremba ane hunyanzvi.
Nenguva isipi Gareni akauya kuna mambo Mako naAnatomy mutembere yenyika. Iyo nzira yakashanyirwa nevanyengeri chete, asiwo vamwe vagari vanofarira sainzi, kusanganisira vamiriri veAristocracy yepamusoro, semuenzaniso, vanofamba-fambisa kuchamhembe uye hama dzaMambo Barbar.
Pasinei nekubudirira kwekunze, Galen muRoma yaigara yakaoma, kutanga pane zvese nekuda kwechimiro chake. Aive munhu anoshanda uye akanaka asina maturo, kwese kwese kwakatsvakwa kuti akhoreke nezvake, nekuda kweizvo godo uye vavengi vangave nyore. Mukupedzisira, kana kusafarira kwevanoshanda navo ku "nyeredzi" vakava vasina simba, Garen akabva kuRoma ndokuenda kunofamba muItari.
Akadzoka chete mushure memakore maviri ekudanwa kwemunhu wamambo. Maka Aureely akaraira kuti aoneke mumusasa wemauto mukukasira uye achizviunganidzira, asi chiremba akakwanisa kunyengerera mambo kuti amusiyire kumba. Panguva iyoyo, kutya kwevavengi kwakava muGaren vanoona kuti: Haashanduke nzvimbo yekugara uye airarama mumugodhi wenguva dzose.
Nekuda kweizvozvo, akagara mumuzinda sechipfungwa chamambo. Aikoshesa fungidziro yake - Gareti haana kungokubatsira kuti akunde malaise enguva dzose, asi zvakare vakavaraidzwawo nekukurukurirana kwehunyanzvi. Akaunganidza iye naCommoda, mugari wenhaka kuna Mark Aurelia, akaurayiwa nekuda kwekurangana kweDare.
Kuziva kwekukwirira kwayo uye kutya kwevavengi (kazhinji gehts) panguva yese iyi hazvina kusiya Gareni anodada. Kubva kune vakwikwidzi, aikoshesa mumwe chete waunoshanda naye. Vanozivikanwa Vhyphic, avo vakadzidza kuCleoophon uye vaigara muAtene uye nehungwaru uye vakatsvaga kutsikisa tsika dzekurapwa, uye Gareni wake chete ndiye akazvitarisisa.
Denda rakakurumbira zvakare rakabatana nezita revaChiremba, inonzi Churaya Galen, Ipapo Antoninovsky Chuma (zvinoenderana nezita rehumambo-aripo). Manyoro akanyora kureba kusingaenzaniswi kwechirwere chechirwere chechirwere.
Mafungiro evatsvagiri nezve hupenyu hwakawanda hwakatora chirwere chakawanda, akasiyana - zviverengero zvinotaurwa kubva ku7% kusvika ku50% yehuwandu hwevanhu. Zvinyorwa zvekugoverwa uye chimiro chechirwere chechipfupi uye chisina kujeka, asi kubva pachokwadi kuti Galen zvakanyorwa, inogona kufungidzirwa kuti kuravira kwevauru hutachiona, kwete denda.
Kuregedza kutaura kwavo uye mazano akanyorwa mumabhandi, anozivikanwa kwazvo nezvemunhu anoonekwa se "anatomy" uye "pakugadzwa kwenhengo dzemuviri wemunhu". Yakawanda yebasa rakachengetwa mutembere yenyika uye, zvinosuruvarisa, zvichirwirwa, zvichipisa mukati memoto muraibhurari yeParatia.
Mupiro wawo unoonekwa kune sainzi yaive hwaro hweEtiology. Galen akapatsanurwa muzvikamu zvinozivikanwa nenguva yechirwere, yakatsanangurwa uye yakarondedzerwa zviko zvinokonzeresa (akapatsanura zvinhu zvakashata, nezvimwewo. Kuna chiremba, zvikonzero zvemukati "zvakagadzirira ivhu» rekusimudzira chirwere.
Garen akazova mumwe wevakatanga kutanga kushandisa nzira yekuedza mu biology. Iyo yakakurumbira yemishonga yaiita vivisection, zviitiko zvemhuka, zvakagadzira tekinoroji yakavhurika ye dehenya. Kuwanikwa kwakakosha kwaive kuwanikwa uye tsananguro yemutyairi wetsiva uye tambo yemuzongoza. Chinyorwa chinonakidza - masayendisiti mazhinji anotenda kuti nekuda kwekurambidzwa kweparadzisho weGaren wechiitiko chose, haana kuita kamwe chete kwemuviri wemunhu.
Kuziva kwake mune anatomy kwaingogumira kune ruzivo rwakawanikwa nekuda kwekuvhurwa kwemiviri yemombe, nyani nenguruve, uye nekuda kweizvi zvatakatadza. Akaziva muganho wechiitiko chake, achinongedzera kwazviri mumarekodhi.
Huwandu hweManyoro eGarenhi hunofungidzirwa kunge pedyo ne400, kunyangwe hafu yavo chete yaive yekurapa - kusvika pavairarama, akazofunga nezvevakadzidza nyaya idzi pamisoro pazvinhu zvisingabvumire. Anenge zana emabhandi akachengetedzwa kusvika nhasi, ayo mazita matsva emiviri, mapfupa uye mamwe maitiro ezvinyorwa akakwezva. Pane zvaakanyora, Galen akatsiva zvakajairika, asi mazita emazita eGippocrat ane zvirevo zvavo nevarume venguva dzose.
Chiremba weRoma anoonekwawo baba vePharmacology. Mamwe emudziyo wakatsanangurwa, akadai seRaddkrem, anonzi "galenic gadziriro" anoshandiswa mumushonga uye cosmetology kusvika nhasi.
Nzvimbo yeGaren mumushonga yakarara nguva refu yakasarudzika. Kukodzera kwake kwakapfuura kuzana kwezana ramakore rechi 14, uye maonero akashandisa masimba kusvika maMiddle mazera, achinyatsobereka Galenism, iyo yakatonga pakati pemasayendisiti uye yakarongedzwa nekereke. Mumazuva ekureva kweRenaissance, pakanga paine munhu akafunga kuzvinyora zvibodzwa zvekare nezvakaratisa uye anoratidza kusagadzikana kwezano raiwirirana - vaive paracels.
Hupenyu Hwako
Kutaurwa kwacho hakuna kuchengetwa pamusoro pemukadzi wake nevana vaRukuru chiremba. Zvichida mukuita kwake kwakaoma, kupfuma, kutsauka, kufungidzira hakuna kuwana nguva yehupenyu hwepedyo, asi zvimwe vanhu vakararama panguva yavo yakangotadza ruzivo urwu seyakakosha.
Garen akazvimiririra murume ane tsika uye akapomera kudonha kwehunyanzvi pakati pevairamba veRoma, achienzanisa nemakororo uye funga kuti mutsauko wese pakati pavo chete kuti zvimwe mhosva mumakomo, nepo vamwe vari muguta guru.
"Pfungwa dzevanyepedzeri vanonyanya kutungamirirwa kusava neSainzi, kwete kune mapfunde anobatsira, akanyora nehasha. - Low Burestoutoutoutoutout vanovaita vanokwanisa chero post-act. "Rufu
Pamwe chete, chiremba akakurumbira akadzoka kumusha kwake muPergami kuti azvipire kuti ashande pane zvinyorwa. Akafira munguva yehutongi hwaSeptimaa of the North. Iyo chaiyo yakakonzera rufu hazvizivikanwe, asi panguva iyo nguva iyo musayendisiti yaive yatove neyakare - maererano nekufungidzira kwakasiyana, panguva iyoyo aive nemakumi manomwe, angave ane makore makumi masere nemasere.