Biography
Gregor mendel musayenzi musayenzi uye muongorori akazvipira, munhu anoshamisa, izvo zvakakwanisa kuve abbot, kuti apinde munhoroondo ye "Baba" ye genetics. Munguva yehupenyu hwake, mabasa ake haana kugashirwa vanhu venguva, asi vazukuru vekutanga kwezana ramakore, vakanongedzera kunhengo dzevafudzi, vasina kujairika kuti vafambe vepfungwa dzese munzvimbo ino.Hudu uye Vechidiki
About makore ekutanga muBiography of the Scientist anoziva zvishoma. Akazvarwa musi waChikunguru 20, 1822 muHeinzendorf, nzvimbo yenhoroondo yeSilesia, yakatanga ndeyaMushe weAustria (ikozvino - Ginchice, Czech Republic). Kazhinji mune zvinyorwa zvinoratidza pachinzvimbo chekuti zuva rekuzvarwa, rubhabhatidzo rwemberi kwemamongi mazhinji - Chikunguru 22, chinokanganisa.
Mwana wechipiri mumhuri yemukuru weanton naRosina, uko Vanasikana veVeronica naTerezi vakazvarwawo. Yaive nemidzi yechiGerman. Nyika yaigara mhuri iyi, yaive yeiyo genus yezana rinopfuura. Nhasi, imba yaBaba vesaenzi inoshandurwa kuita museum.
Kuda kwechisikigo kwakaratidza pazera rekutanga. Akatakura murimi ano nechido nemufaro, aive mukomana, iye ainyorova mukuchengeta nyuchi. Risage mwana asina kusimba - muzvidzidzo zvake kazhinji aigara achirasikirwa mwedzi yemabasa nekuda kwezvirwere. Sezvo apedza nedzidzo muchikoro chamaruwa, akapinda mumitambo yeGymnasium troppau (zvino guta reCzech reOpawa), kwaakadzidza makirasi matanhatu.
Zvadaro, kwemakore matatu, akadzidza zviziviso uye zvechitendero zvehunyanzvi uye fizikisi kuOlmyutsk Institute (iye zvino Czech University of Palatsky muOlmyky of Palatsky muOlmyky of Palatsky muLaRoMouc Instagram. Icho chokwadi chinonakidza chekuti panguva imwe chete iyo Nyanzvi yezvakaitika kare uye zvekurima yaive yakatungamirirwa naJohann Karl Nestler, aifarira kudzidza kwezviratidzo zvezvirimwa zvemidziyo nemhuka, dzakadai samakwai.
Mendel yakachinjiswa zvakanyanya kusawirirana kwemari, nekuti aisakwanisa kubhadhara dzidzo. Saka kuti hama yakadzidza zvakare, Teresia yakapa dhawunyu. Gare gare, Gregor akasiya chikwereti, akatsigira vazukuru vatatu - vanakomana vehanzvadzi. Vaviri vejaya riri pasi pedzimba dzake dzakazova vanachiremba.
Muna 1843, menthendel anosarudza kupinda mumamongi. Kusvika pakukura uku, sarudzo iyi haina kuitwa nedzidziso yemwanakomana wepurazi, asi nenyaya yekuti vanhu vekunamata vakagamuchira dzidzo yemahara. Maererano naye, hupenyu hwakawanda hwakaponeswa kubva ku "kushaya kusingaperi nezvehupenyu." Mushure mekutora post mumamongi aAugustini yeSt. Thomas muBrynne (iye zvino Czech Brno), Gregor, Gregor Johann Mendete, akatanga zvidzidzo zvake muBogoslovsky Institute. Pazera ramakore makumi maviri neshanu akagamuchira mupristi Sava.
Sainzi
Mendel, echisikigo uye panguva imwe chete chaiyo, nhamba inoshamisa. Spikeness yemamiriro ezvinhu anowedzera chokwadi chekuti nharaunda yakadzidza mune ramangwana yakapa kutanga kweiyo rondedzero itsva yesainzi, yakaradzika dzidziso yezviratidziro zvoumwari pane geniomes. Gregor's Tailer kune zivo zvese-zvinodya. Kazhinji, ndakaverenga ruvara rwezvesayenzi mabhuku, dzakatsiva vadzidzisi mune zvidzidzo pachikoro chemuno. Iye murume airota achipfuura bvunzo pamudzidzisi, asi akatadza paGeology uye Biology.
Muna 1849-1851, akadzidzisa vadzidzi veZnom Gymnasium mitauro uye masvomhu. Gare gare akatamira kuVienna, apo pamberi pa 1853 iye aidzidza nhoroondo yeYenyunhu hweVienna pasi pebottologist yeBotrars yeFranz vasingazive uye fiziki kubva kuChristian Doppler.
Pakudzoka muBunnne, izvi zvinorumbidzwa zvinodzidziswa muchikoro chepamusoro chaicho chaicho, kunyangwe aive asiri nyanzvi yepedza kudzidza. Muna 1856, akaedzazve kuendesa bvunzo pamudzidzisi, asi zvakare haana kupfuudza biology. Mugore rimwe chetero, mendel inofarirwa zvakanyanya nezvosainzi nezvirimwa, kufarira mukukanganisa kweiyo yakanga ichiratidzwa muVienna. Kwemakore manomwe, kusvika 1863, Gregor akaedza nePeas mumunda wemwedzi uye akatora kuvhurwa mukati memakore ano.
Inoshanda pane hutsinye yezvirimwa zvakaitwa kare mendere pamberi peMendel, asi chete akakwanisa kuunza maitiro uye kuronga mafambiro ebasa raizoshandisa makumi manomwe ezana ramakumi maviri.
Mukuedzwa anopfuura zviuru gumi, marudzi makumi maviri emaruva ePea, akasarudzika uye mhodzi zvakapetwa. Basa reTitanic, rakapihwa kuti pea imwe neimwe inoda kuongororwa manually. Zvekutapurirana mumhando dzakayambuka, chimwe chete chifananidzo "chakakora" chakakora "chakaratidzika kutenderedza zviuru mazana manomwe, uye pakanga paine manomwe zviratidzo mune basa.
Zivo yakawana yaive yakavakirwa padzidziso dzahasha, pane izvo genetics zvakavakirwa. Muna 1865, akaburitsa chirevo chesainzi "mune imwe yemavhoriyamu eBunnan Salimuye Scientist Socience Socialist, kwavakabatanidza munhoroondo yemitemo, semitemo yeMendel.
Ruzivo rwakatambirwa nemamongi ndicho chinotevera:
- Mahwanda ekutanga emalbrids akafanana uye anotakura chiratidzo chakakura chomumwe wevabereki. Semuenzaniso, kuyambuka peas nemaruva machena uye matsvuku, vana vanozvarwa chete neye tsvuku inflorescences.
- Mazari echizvarwa chechipiri akatsemurwa, ndiko kuti, ivo vakakamurwa kuva avo vanogashira zviratidzo zvakaringana zvevabereki, uye avo vakagamuchira vasingakoshi nemukana, asi mune hukama hwakataurwa.
- Zvese zvinhu zvinowanikwa mumusanganiswa wakasiyana uye zviripo zvakasiyana, nehybrid ine chiratidzo chakakurirwa chinogona kuve chinotakura chinodzokorodza depositiss deposits uye, pane zvinopesana nezvizvarwa zvinotevera.
- Varume nevarume vekudya vakadzi vakabatana nemukana, kwete zvinoenderana nemadhoni avanotakura.
Gregor aivimba kuti kugona kwekutsvaga kwaive nekukosha kwakakosha kwekusimudzira kwesainzi, saka ndakaraira kuti ndinyore basa uye ndakatumira kune vane mukurumbira wenguva iyoyo. Maiwe, vakararama panguva iyoyo havana kufarira bhuku. Purofesa chete weYunivhesiti muMunich Karl Von Nameley yakarayirwa kuidza dzidziso pane dzimwe mhando.
Mendel akagadzira nhamba yekuedza pakuyambuka pane zvimwe zvidyarwa uye zvipembenene - favouriti kubva kune vana nyuchi dzehucheche. Nehurombo, Gregor aive akamirira kuora mwoyo. Kana ukavhenganisa mamiriro ezvinhu uye chimiro chechirimwa, uye nyuchi dzaive nezvinhu zvechirongwa chekugadzira uye chinogona kuwedzera naPartHenogeneis - "nzira yemhandara." Nekuda kweizvi, iyo data inowanikwa pane zvekuedza nePeas haina kusimbiswa.
Mupiro wake wesainzi wakaongororwa zvakawanda gare gare - pakutanga kwezana ramakumi maviri, apo muna 1900 dzinoverengeka masayendisiti dzakanyorerwa dzakazvimirira dzega dzega dzega dzega dzega dzega dzezante dzichiripo. Gore rino rakagadzirwa kuratidza gore rekuzvarwa kwe genetics. Basa reMendelam mazviri rakanaka.
Iyo Soviet genetics Boris Astaurov yakatsanangura kutsvaga kwesainzi kweGregor se:
"Kuguma kwebasa rezvinyorwa zveMendel kuri kuita chiratidzo uye kwete mutorwa kumutambo. Kunyangwe vakawanikwa, zvinoratidzwa zvakajeka uye zvakanyanya kunzwisiswa nemitemo yakajairika yetsetse, biology yenguva iyoyo haisati yakura kusvika pakuziva kwavo kukosha.Gregor Menderi iye amene, uye nzwisiso inoshamisa yakafanoona moyo murefu wekutsungirira mumatanho akawanikwa pane peas. Mamwe makore mashoma apfuura, uye akasiya hupenyu, kwete kumharidzo iyi, ndeipi kidenga ichave ichitenderedza zita rake uye pakupedzisira ichafukidzwa. "
Chitendero
Mendel akagamuchira monastic tensic pa 21 nekuda kwezvikonzero zvine chekuita nemhinduro yezvinetso zvekunyama uye kuwana ruzivo. Nekuda kwezvirambidzo zvakatemerwa nenzira yakasarudzwa, vakatora celpicy, uye pfungwa yehupenyu hwega yaive isipo kwaari. Muchero wetsika yevaKaturike, vanhu vekunamata vanochengeta mhiko yekupika, saka, mudzimai waMendel aisave, pamwe nevana.
Muna25, akava mupristi mumudziyo wekwaAugustini weSt. Thomas, aive chikamu chetsika uye chesainzi chedunhu. Abbot cyril sainzi akakurudzira kufarira kwehama dzake nesainzi, mamongi akatarisa dzidzo yevadzidzi vechikoro munzvimbo dzakapoteredza. Mendel aidawo vana nemufaro uye aive mudzidzisi waunofarira. Mumunda weMonastertery, akabata muedzo pane hybridization anozivikanwa.
Muna 1868, mushure mekufa kwemupi wechipangamazano wemweya, mendel anogara post of Abbot Starobrnensky (Augustinsky) Monastery. Kubva mugore rimwe chetero, kutsvaga kukuru kwesainzi kwapera, kusiya nzvimbo yekutambudzika panzvimbo inoyera. Gregor aitoita basa rekutonga, akapinda mune gakava nemasimba enyika nekuda kwekutanga kwemitero yekuwedzera kwemitero yezvinamato zvechitendero. Yakatumirwa yakabatikana kusvika kumagumo ehupenyu.
Rufu
Abbot mendel akafa muna 1884 nekuda kwekureba jade, mumakore makumi matanhatu nemasere. Panzvimbo yebhizari, iyo yakashandirwa makore anoda kusvika makumi mana, akazarura mamuseum yezita rake. Guva iri muBrno. Iyo inochengeterwa korona nechisungo nemazwi emamongi:"Nguva yangu ichauya."BHAIBHERI
- 1866 - "Miedzo yemiwaro yemifananidzo"