Biography
Robert Koh muongorori akasarudzika, kutinhira kwehutachiona, munyori webasa rakakosha, uyo mupiro wake kune sainzi uye nzira dzebasa dzakakosha kune dzakawanda dzepfungwa dzakawanda dzakatevera. Paul de Crui akanyora:"Wokutanga wevose vanoongorora, wekutanga pane vese vaigara munyika, koh akaratidza kuti imwe mhando yehutachiona inokonzeresa chimwe chirwere uye chidiki chidiki chekunyengera chinogona kuve chinouraya chemucheka mukuru wemhuka yakakura."Hudu uye Vechidiki
Iyo biography yeye muongorori inosimbisa kuti aive nechido nezvekurarama uye sainzi kubva achiri mudiki. Koch akazvarwa musi waDecember 11, 1843 mune Klaustal Clearfeld Resort, iri mune yakadzika saxony. Imba iyo iyo ramangwana rinopenya microbiology rakazvarwa - zvino museum uye mukurumbira wedhorobha reyunivhesiti. Baba vaHermann vakashanda seminjini emigodhi, vaifanira kubata zvidiki. Mining ndiyo yaive indasitiri huru iyo yakamutsa kukura kwenzvimbo.
Juliana Maka Henrietta Amai vaHenrietta vakarondedzera mwanasikana kuna Mukuru weHannover Kingdom yeHenrich Andreas Andreas Andreas And And And
Sekuru Henry pamutsetse wemberi - munhu akadzidziswa uye mukuru anobudirira, aine chishuvo chekushuvira kwechisikirwo, aionekwa seanoda-kuda-kuda. Nekuona pfungwa dzinotambudza hwemuzukuru, ndakavhura rudo rwembevhizheni yangu uye chikamu chakafanorongerwa nenzira yemberi yemukomana. Mudiki Ahih akadaira kuunganidza zvipembenene, kuunganidza mosses, disassbled uye akaunganidzwa matoyi ane kufarira.
Kudzidziswa kwaRobert kwaive nyore - kufunga nezvetsamba uye kuverenga asati apinda chikoro chepural asina kusvika makore mashanu uye mashanu. Gare gare akadzidza mumitambo yekurovedza muviri we clauslala, kwaakagashira zita remusoro wemudzidzi wekirasi yepamusoro. Muna 1862, Robert ane makore 19 anobudirira anoongorora bvunzo muUniversity of Gottange. George-Nyamavhuvhu inyunivhesiti yechiGerman yeGerman ine tsika dzakakura dzidzo dzakabatana nezviitiko zvevanopfuura makumi mana eNobel Luelates.
Pashure pacho, kok akaona kuti kukurukurirana pamusoro pehutachiona uye mabasa esainzi evadzidzisi veGöttingnen zvakanyatsokanganisa chido chesainzi. Vashandi vekudzidzisa vaive chikamu chechipatara chechipatara Friedrich Grety, vakazomudira zita rekuti Nifroni Monseener, uyo akasvibiswa muzita reiyo yehukuru hwesimba remakumi emunhu embazi.
Kwemwedzi mishoma, Koki akadzidza mitemo yepanyama, kusanganisira biology, uye mushure mekunge mushonga wacho wakatanga. Mushure memakore mana anogashira diploma's diploma. Mukufamba kwemakore akati wandei, munhu wechidiki wekurapa anofamba pasina muGermany mukutsvaga kweguta rakakodzera rekuita. Pakupedzisira, muna 1869, inoruramiswa mutaundi reRevitz uye rinowana basa remubatsiri muchipatara kurwara nepfungwa.
Mushonga uye zviitiko zvesainzi
Mune kiriniki yepfungwa muRakvice, Koh yakashanda kwenguva pfupi. Muna 1870s, hondo yeFranco-pransian yakaurayiwa. Robert akava chiremba chiremba chiremba. Mumamiriro ezvinhu akaoma kwazvo, anogashira chiitiko chakakosha, kusanganisira mukurapa kwezvirwere zvinotapukira, kubuda kweanogara kwakaitika. Mumoto wehondo anowana nguva yekutsvaga, kudzidza hutachiona uye algae. Kwapera gore, vakademba uye nguva yese yemahara vanofuratira pakutsvagisa microorganisms, vakatonhorerwa zvizere kuita zvekurapa.
Muna 1872, akagadzwa neCounty Chiremba muLitsteyne (manje volstnyn muPoland). Pamungove weKoki, panguva iyo denda revaSiberia yeSiberian vakabayiwa mudunhu, iro rakacheka mombe dzevarimi venzvimbo. Kutora pamusoro pekuedzwa kweLouis Pasteur, akafungawo kuongorora chirwere chine ngozi.
Nhamba isingaverengeke yekuedza uye wachi kumashure kweMicroscope gare gare, akatanga akazivisa bakitiriya bacillus anthracis - iyo yemumiriri wechirwere, uye akaidzidza mararamiro ake. Muzvirimwa, musayendisiti akawana mapepa, tambo uye kukakavara ayo akanyatsonzwa mune yakanyorova pasi. Nekudaro, Koh akatsanangura muyenzi we "rufu rusgans" - zvine ngozi kumurume nemhuka dzemagedhi emigwagwa dzisina hutachiona hweSiberia.
Mushure memakore mana kuYunivhesiti yeBreslau (iye zvino guta rePoland reWroclaw) akawana mabhuku. Botanist-boteriologist Ferdinand Konheim, Pathophysologist Julius Konheim basa mubhuku, ane narabhoritari yake aimbodza akataura nezve nzira dzitsva dzekutsvaga microbiology. Idzokuda kuziva kuti Pauro erlich, iro ramangwana "" Baba "veCrimotherapy rakazova pakati pevateereri.
Muna 1878 rakaburitswa basa pane mavambo ehutachiona hwakatsamwiswa nehuni staphylocko. Ipapo akatanga atanga kurondedzera microorganism.
Muna 1880, nerutsigiro rweContaima, anogashira chinzvimbo chezano rehurumende munhau yehutano rehutano muBerlin. Kwapera gore, zvinoburitsa basa rekuchinja "dzidziso dzekuzvidzora dzePaphogenic zvisikwa", izvo zvinoratidzira kuti kupatsanurwa kwezvinhu zviito zvakarimwa zvakanaka pane zvakaringana pazvinhu zvakashata, uye kwete mumuto wehutano .
Chivhura chakakosha chakaitika nemukana. Koki yakasiya mbatatisi yakachekwa muurabhoritari, uye makoloni inowanikwa mune yakatemwa kubva pakucheka, iyo yaigara muparara uye isina kuvhenganiswa. Gare gare, musayendisiti akashandisa gelatin, agar-agar-agar uye akati wandei mimwe midhiya yakasimba yakavhura mwero mutsva wekutsvagisa pamberi peMicrobiologists.
Mupiro kune sainzi yeizvi hazvina kuganhurirwa. Kohu ndezveNzira yekudzidza mabhakitiriya nekunaya. Pamberi pake, hutachiona hwakatariswa zvisina ruvara, uye kana kushinga kwavo kukuru nekushingairira kwavo kwekushivirira kwesvikiro, saka zvipenyu zvacho hazvina kufukidzwa zvachose. Robert akashandisa ashine dhayi, akasarudza ruvara rwakabatanidzwa chete kune hutachiona. Iyi yaive yekutanga nzvimbo mukuumbwa kweiyo itsva microbiology nharaunda nezve tyrctics zvivakwa zvehutachiona dzakasiyana - kugona kwavo ku "ruvara rukudzo".
Pakupedzisira, kunyudzwa lens. Nekuda kwekunyudzwa kwesimbi mumafuta uye kushandiswa kwemamwe curves, iyo sainzi yakaunza kukurudzira kugona kweiyo microscope kusvika pane imwe kazana mana panguva apo iyo mazana mashanu emugumo kuwanda. Uchapupu hwehukama hwehutachiona uye chirwere chakakonzerwa naye, muongorori wakabatana mune dzinoverengeka dzevadzidzi, inonzi Koha triad.
Ivo vese vane mamwe magadziriso akakodzera nhasi:
- Iyo Microbe inogara ichionekwa mumurwere ane hutsinye uye arikushaikwa mamwe;
- Iyo microbe inofanira kujekeswa mune yakachena fomu uye kuona sechiokereke yakazara;
- Muhutachiona hwakasvibiswa nenzira yakachena yevanhu, zviratidzo zvinoratidzwa, zvakafanana nenyaya yekuti vane varwere, vakatsunga nehuwandu uye kugoverwa kwetathogens
Vakararama vacho Koch - pfungwa huru dzevanhu, semuenzaniso, Louis Pasteur, zvakadaro, zvakadaro, iyo sainzi yakakombama. Mukufamba kwemakore akati wandei, manejimzo ezvinyorwa zvakamutswa neumwe muzvinyorwa uye zvirevo zvesainzi. Robert mudiki pane Louis kwemakore makumi maviri, asi isa dzidziso, kusunungura simba rekupedzisira.
Muma 1880s, taberculosis yakauraya mugari wechiGerman. Chirwere chikuru chechirwere uye ruzivo rwakajeka nezve gentiologies yakatungamira kune yakakura kufa kwemari. Panguva iyoyo, chirwere ichi chakapikiswa kune mhepo nyowani uye hutano hutano. Ini handina kukwanisa kusiya zvakakodzera kuti "anopikisa" Koch aisakwanisa.
Nenyaya yake yekucherechedzwa, kuitisa nhevedzano yekuedza uye nekutsvagisa pamatehwe evakafa, kuita zvirimwa uye kuita zvirimwa, iyo sainzi yakakwanisa kuwona muyedzo wepakati pemuvara webhuruu - KOCE STOPS. Kuongorora hutsinye hwako kuGuinea Nguruve, Koh zvakaratidza kuti yaive chirwere, icho chakataurwa munaKurume 2482 pamusangano muBerlin.
Pasinei nezvimwe zvakawanda zvakawanikwa zvakaitwa naye nezve kuyerera kwechirwere, yaive tberculosis yakaramba ichigumbura yeKoch. Pakupera kwehupenyu, aive aine dambudziko rechirwere. Yakagadzirwa zvisina kunaka tuberculin - iyo mvura inogona kubatsira pakurapwa. Maiwe, mushonga uyu hauna kurapwa, asi wakava muongorori akanaka kwazvo. Kuti "tsvagiridzo uye uwakawanikwa nezvekurapa kweTberculosis" muna 1905 Achazopihwa mubairo weNobel.
Muna 1882, zvakaburitswawo ruzivo nezveBacilllos, zvichikonzera acducemic conjunctivitis, inozivikanwa seKoch-wick bacillus - chimwe chinhu mune runyorwa rwekuita kwesainzi. Kwapera gore, kukaita sechikamu chekuratidzira kuEjipitori neIndia, uko wemakesita aipenga. Masayendisiti aitsvaga mumiririri ane njodzi uye akawanikwa.
Pawakawana mumitambo yakawanda yehutachiona hwakafanana, kufanana nechimiro che comma, koh yakaunzwa kuNyika A Cholera vibron.
"Pfungwa yekuti Mitoroorms inofanira kunge iri chikonzero chezvirwere zvinotapukira, kwenguva refu yakaratidzirwa nepfungwa mbiri dzakasarudzika," akanyora kudaro Robert Koh. "Asi zvaive zvakaoma kuratidza nzira isiriyo pakutanga."
Muna 1889, pamwe chete neSibasaburo, kitasato yakaziviswa mune yakachena fomu yeTetanus causative mumiririri. Mu12, iyo microbiologist inova purofesa kuYunivhesiti yeBerlin uye Director weiyo Novomomated Institute yeHygiene. Muna 1891, akananga kuInstitute yezvirwere zvinotapukira, akazonzi zita rake.
Kubva 1896, vesayenyenzi vakaenda kumisangano yesainzi: kuIndia, Africa, Java, Italy, New Guinea. Muna 1904, anoramba positi yemutungamiriri weiyo Institute yekunyudza pachavo mukudzidza kweruzivo rwakagamuchirwa pakufamba. Denda, Dziviriro Tiff, chirwere chekudzokera, chirwere chekushoora, marariya ane njodzi "zvakarara pasi" pasi pegungwa reMicroscope yake kusvika 1907. Muna 1909, Koh kuverenga chirevo chekupedzisira chakatsaurwa kuna Tuberculosis. Muna 1910th, musayendisiti haana.
Hupenyu Hwako
Mumagariro mazhinji, pakanga paine mukurumbira semunhu akavharika uye munhu wemugodhi, kupinda kwechisikigo, asi pedyo uye shamwari dzaive muupenyu hwavo kune vamwe: zvakanaka, zvakanaka, zvinokatyamadza chess che Genius.
Mukadzi wekutanga - Emma Adelphin Josephphhin Josephphhin Franz, akaverengerwa nemuchato muna 1867. Mukunda weGertrude akaberekerwa mubatanidzwa. Yakanga iri emma akapiya Koch yeiyo 28th Birthday microscope.
Muna 1893, Robert kurambana uye anopinda muwanano idzva. Wechipiri mukadzi wechidiki mutambi anogadzira Friburg. Pakanga pasina vana vanobva vaviri.
Rufu
Vesayenzi vakafa mu baden-baden pagore rechinomwe rehupenyu kubva pakurwara kwemoyo.
Sehupenyu hwemuongorori, muna 1907, iyo Robert Koch Nheyo yakaonekwa muBerlin. Yakapihwa kune iyo mubairo uye yegoridhe medal - mibairo yepasi rose mumunda wesesainzi sainzi sainzi. Kuwedzera kuna renorary regalia, vaisheedzera vanopihwawo nekufemerwa kwemari inofadza. Vamwe varidzi veKoch Premium yakazotambira mubairo weNobel.