Biography
Bertrand Russell inyanzvi yakakurumbira yeBritish, wezvematongerwo enyika, munyori wemabasa ezvirevo. Akapokana necacifism, yaive fan yekutaura chishuvo uye yakakwidziridzwa liberal thats. Pane iyo nhoroondo yemasayendisiti mune zvemasvomhu pfungwa, uzivi uye dzidziso yezivo. Vanotsvagurudza vanofonera Berran Russell pakati pevagari veBritish Nearsism uye neopositism.Hudu uye Vechidiki
Zita rizere remukomana, rakaonekwa mumhuri yerustochts Russell musi waMay 18, 1872 - Bertrand Arthur William Russell. Akazvarwa muTrelleck, iyo matairi eMontmautoshori, mune nhaka yeRavevenskrift. Baba vemwana vaive mwanakomana wemutungamiriri weEngland uye mutungamiri weimba yemabiko. Hama dzerudzidziso dzeramangwana rakasiyana nedzidzo uye chimiro munharaunda. Liberalism yaive muropa reRubsell, kutaura pachena nezve nyaya dzehondo nenyika.
Baba vaRussell, Lord Amboss, aive mumwe wevacheki vePacificism, avo mafungire akaumbwa muzana ramakore rechi19 uye akazozivikanwa kare muzana rino ramakore rechi20. Bertrand ave ave anoparidza anoparidza maonero uye mazano aBaba. Amai vake vaivawo vanobatana neusununguko uye vakadzivirira kodzero dzevakadzi pane chero nyaya iri nyore. Iyo yekupedzisira yakaunza kutsamwa kweMambokadzi Victoria.
Vabereki vaBerrtran Russell vakafa aine makore maviri. Ipapo akatevera kufa kwehanzvadzi iyi. Pamwe chete nehama mbiri dzevakuru, mukomana akaramba achitarisira ambuya-anoungana. Akapa vazukuru nedzidzo yakanaka kwazvo nekutenda kune vatongi vekunze. Vadzidzo aripiridzi, raibhurari yakakura uye vadzidzisi vane zvipo vakaumba nyika yevana. Berrand airatidza kufarira masvomhu uye kazhinji akazivisa ambuya vambotenda, ayo akabata chishumo chinzvimbo. Muna 1889, pazera ramakore gumi nematanhatu, Bertrand akazova mudzidzi weUtatu College kuCambridge.
Muna 1894, akagamuchira bachelor wehunyanzvi. Akatakurwa nezvirevo zveGeorge Edward Mura, Russell akadzidza kumanikidza pamabasa aJohani alleke naDavid Yuma. Muna 1895, Bertrand akazova nhengo yenhoroondo yesainzi yeKoreji, uye muna 1897 akagumisa dissertation inonzi "pane zvekutanga zvejometry".
Sezvo akawana dzidzo, Russell akazova mhombwe yeBritain uye akaenda aine bhizinesi rekushanya kuParis. Akazoshanyira Berlin, uko zvinyorwa zvacho zvakaunganidzwa kuitira kuti basa reDetur "German Sound Democracy", rakabudiswa muna 1896. Kufamba kwakaramba kuchiramba kushanya kuUnited States uye kwakapera nekudzokera kuEngland, uko Bertrand Russell akaunza hurukuro yake yeCambridge mubhuku rinoti "Kududzirwa Kwakakosha kweHaberry Philosophy".
Maonero uye uzivi mafambiro
Muna 1900, Bertrand Russell mumudzidzisi weUtatu College College Alfred Whitehead yakava nhengo yeiyo nhengo yePlessonical yakabata muParis. Akaverenga basa revaGotoba vaziviriri veGotoba Friege uye Juseppe Perano, uyo akadzidza zvekufananidza, akasika bhuku rake chairo anonzi "nheyo dzemasvomhu". Akabudiswa muna 1903. Basa rakaunza Russell mukurumbira.
Zvidzidzo mumunda weimwe mumasvomhu uye nyanzvi yemunyori yakaenderera mberi munguva kubva muna 1910 kusvika muna 1913, uye yakabva yatanga kuwanda kwemasvomhu ", yakanyorwa mukubatana nekudyidzana. Masayendisiti akavimbisa kuti uzivi anodudzira zvese zvakasikwa sainzi, uye pfungwa dzinova hwaro hwekutsvagisa chero. Ivo vakaparadzanisa uzivi kubva kuThicics nedzidziso, vachiita kuti kuongororwa kwechiitiko chechinhu. Russell Russell uye chena akaiswa muchechi, nekuti zvinowanikwa neChokwadi, nepo chimwe chinhu chichigara chiri chenzvimbo, uye saka vanonetsa.
Mune ramangwana, Russell akaramba achifunga nezvekunyoresa uye akagumisa kuti iyi ndiyo chete nzira yekuziva chokwadi. Muna 1904, akadzidzisa paHarvard uye akabva aabudisira bhuku rakaparadzana. Masayenzi akaziva kuvapo kwekupokana mumigodhi uye akatanga kupokana nezve basa rehupombi uye humbowo hwekuziva muhunyanzvi.
Russell akateerera kune zvematongerwo enyika. Sezvo angave akabatana nemukadzi we "nzanga ye" Fabian "uye kushamwaridzana kwesocialism, akarwa kuenzana kwevakadzi mune nyaya dzesarudzo. Muna 1910, Bertrand akasanangura nhoroondo yake kubva kune yakasununguka kuita sarudzo dzeparamende. Haana kugashira rutsigiro rwaunoda, sevatsigiri emaonero esayenzi munharaunda zvaive zvishoma, uye maitiro ake kune chitendero zvinopesana nemamiriro ezvinhu panguva iyoyo.
Kubvira muna 1916, Russell aive musangano "kurwadziswa kwekudaidzira kwechiuto" uye akanyora mabhuku "ekuvakazve", "hondo nokururamisira", "zano rezvematongerwo enyika, et. Uye ivo havana kuiswa mutirongo nekuda kwemapuranga pamusoro pezvirango zvekuramba kwevasungwa zvekuramba kubatira muchiuto.
Kuzivikanwa kwakashata kwekudzingwa kubva kuTrinity College, mudzidzisi wake aive Bertrand. Raibhurari yake yakatengeswa kudzorera iyo yakanaka, uye hurumende yakarambidzwa yekubva kuUnited States yekuverenga hurukuro kuHarvard.
Russell haana kusiya maonero ake uye nezvirevo zvakakomba muna 1918 aive mujeri reBrikston, kwaakanyora "zano remasvomhu". Ma1920 akaverengerwa nebhuku reku "kuongorora kufunga", "nheyo dzeatomu", "zvigadziko zvehukama", "ingaongorora zvinhu". Maonero ezvemagariro esayenzi akagamuchira kusimbiswa mushure mekuzivana naTrotsky, gorky naLenin muna 1920.
Nekushanyira Soviet Union, Russell akatsoropodza hurumende mubhuku "dzidziso uye tsika yekubiridzira." Rwendo rwakazotevera kuenda kuAsia yakaunza ruzivo rwekudzidzisa muYunivhesiti yeBeijing uye kugadzira basa rinonzi "dambudziko reChina". Kubva 1924 kusvika muna 1931, musayendisiti akaverenga hurukuro muUnited States.
Panguva iyoyo, matambudziko epasi rese aifarira. Munyori akanyatsotsigira mumabhuku "rusununguko uye nesangano, 1814 ... 1914" "Tichienda Nenyika Yenyika?", "Simba: New Social Ongororo." Kubva 1935, Bertrand Russell aigara muAmerican uye akasarudzika kuChicago uye California Uniyasi. Maonero ake ePacifist akakundwa mushure mekupinda kwevaNazi, izvo zvakaitika muPoland muna 1939.
Masayendisiti akaitwa nemhinduro yemauto uye nekuda kweizvi haina kufarirwa muUnited States. Haana kugamuchirwa nevamiriri vevafundisi nenhengo dzekanzuru yeguta, vakamanikidzwa kupindura mukugadzwa kwaRussell purofesa weuzivi muguta reNew York.
Kudzoka muna 1944 mumadziro eUtatu Hurinity College, Bertrand Russell akaenderera mberi zviitiko, akaverenga hurukuro dzenyere uye akazova muridzi wekodhi "akakodzera". Rakabudiswa muna 1950 "risingakuzivisike nyowani" rakagamuchira mubairo weNobel mumabhuku. Russell haana kuteerera mukana wekuita hurukuro yepamutemo pamusoro pekutambira mubairo.
Basa rezvemagariro
Mutorwa werunyararo, muzivi akatora chikamu pakuratidzwa uye aive mutauri wemanyorero akasiyana siyana. Iyo Russell-Einstein kuratidzira inobatsira kuzivisa kuti kusikwa kwekufamba kwehunyanzvi hwemasayendisiti. Kubva 1954, akaridza chikepe chenyukireya, kubva panguva iyoyo mabhomba eHydrogen akaedzwa. Russell aive nhengo yeiyo inoenderana yekufamba uye "komiti 100".
Muna 1959, akawana chinzvimbo chake muhurukuro ine simba remhepo. Kwekutaura kwekare pamadziro eparamende, akatenda kujeri. Muna 1962, Russell akanyora hutsanga dzenyika, John Kennedy naNikita Khrushchev, nezve kukosha kwekukurukurirana kwerunyararo pane dambudziko reCaribbean.
Kuuya mu "komiti 100" muna 1963, muzivi akatarisa pane zviitiko zveAtlantic hwaro hwenyika uye sangano rayo rinopokana njiva nyukireya. Akaunganidza komisheni yehondo-yehondo nerutsigiro rweimwe veruzhinji. Iyo sangano rakazivikanwa pachena United States neiyo culprit yemauto mauto muVietnam. Russell akapikisa kupindira, uye zvakare akashora kurwisa kweCzechoslovakia, kwakaitika muna 1968.
Hupenyu Hwako
Zvinoita sekuti Biograph's Biography's Biograph's Biography yakabatana chete nemabasa esainzi uye nezvematongerwo enyika, asi muzivi haana kukanganwa nezveupenyu hwake. Zita rake vanotsvaga vanopa kuti vanyorwe kune vanozivikanwa vanodiwa kwemazana emakore apfuura, uye pane kusimbiswa. Iye munyori akaroora ka4, uye nhamba yematombo vake yakakura.
Alice Smith akazova wekutanga akasarudzwa Russell, kuzivana nawo kwakaitwa muUtatu College mumakore emudzidzi mumhuri. Panguva 22, Berrand akaroora Alice, asi maonero avo ehupenyu hwemhuri haana kuwirirana. Kunyepedzera kwemhuri mufaro, kwakagadzirwa nevakaroorana, kwakawa kana kwakabikwa kana kwakabiwa kwakadanana nemukadzi wake, chena. Iko kusavapo kwekupfuura kwakakonzera kurambana, uye muna 1910 rudo rutsva rwakagadziriswa mumoyo yevasayeri. Akakwezvwa naOttolin Morlal, mumwe wake weParamende. Ukama hwakakurumidza kuenda hakuna, hwakamira pachiitiko chekunyorerana, uye Russell akawana nyika yezvinhu zvitsva.
Muna 1914, muUS, Bertrand, akasangana nemwanasikana weanovhiya Helen Dudland, asi kushanya kumusikana aive atove muukama neIrin Cooper ullis. Muna 1916, akarwa nemuroora akaroora neConstance Maleson uye akava chikamu chechitatu muukama hwake newawakaroorana naye. Kukurukurirana nevaridzi vanotsigira makore makumi matatu.
Muna 1921, muzivi akaroora dore dema, munyori, akamuperekedza parwendo rwokuyambuka Russia. Akabereka Jerran mwanakomana nemwanasikana. Kusarudza chikoro chevana, vakaroora vakasarudza kugadzira yavo yekudzidzisa institution yakavhurwa muna 1927. Pfungwa pamusoro pewanano nemhuri, izvo zvakatiza munyori panguva ino, akataura mubhuku "roorwa uye tsika".
Mubatanidzwa waRussell uye mutema waive mupfupi. Vesayenzi vakatanga kufarira Joan folloll uye yaisanganisira iyo muhukama hwemakore matatu. Muna 1936, muchato wakaitwa nemumwe mudzidzisi wevana vake, Patricia Spencer. Musiyano uripo pakati pevakaroorana hwaive nemakore makumi mana. Mhuri yaigara muUSA. Mukadzi wacho akabereka Berran mwanakomana, asi muchato uyu hausi chikamu chekupedzisira muhupenyu hwemunyori.
Muna 1952, akarambana nekuda kwemukadzi wake wehukama neyenzi Edith. Vakabvumirana pamusoro peyakafunga zvematongerwo enyika-zvematongerwo enyika: Pamwe chete vakatora chikamu muzviratidziro, vakafamba muEurope uye vakaita mabasa ehondo.
Rufu
Kusiyana nevateveri vazhinji vedzidziso yerudo rwendo, Bertrand Russell haana kuvanza pfungwa dzake, izvo zvinotaura zvirevo nemabhuku ake. Kuronga chokwadi uye kuvimba nehukama, aive akatendeseka nemudiwa wake, saka kupedzisa kwehupenyu hwake kwakapedza murume anofara. Makore achangopfuura Bretrand Russell aigara kuchamhembe kweWales, achitaura nevana nevazukuru.
Vesayenzi vakafa musi waFebruary 2, 1970. Chikonzero cherufu chaive furu. Kusava nebasa kweVaHiripi vakura hakuna kutsungirira chirwere.
Nhaka yemunyori ine mabasa mazhinji aakaongorora nyaya yeuzivi, uye mufananidzo wechiitiko chesainzi uye neruzhinji zvikamu zvemapeji ezvinyorwa zvemazuva ano.
BHAIBHERI
- 1903 - "Kunamata Kwaunga"
- 1910 - "Zvinetso zveVafoti"
- 1012 - "Chokwadi chechitendero"
- 1914 - "Zvisungo uye Logic"
- 1922 - "Art Fower"
- 1925 - "Hupenyu mumakore epakati"
- 1935 - "Chitendero Nesainzi"
- 1936 - "Pane hupenyu hwakapedzisira here?"
- 1938 - "Ndangariro Dzangu dzechitendero"
- 1945 - "Nhoroondo yeUfortuic"
- 1948 - "Kuvapo kwaMwari"
- 1953 - "Kubata kwesainzi munharaunda"
- 1987 - "Nei ndisiri muKristu"