Biography
Chapupu William Tekckery munyori anozivikanwa neanoonga nenyonganiso yeiyo satiirwi "zvisina basa, asi mu" mabhuku epa "kusvika kune iyo nzira yechokwadi" Rose uye rombo rakanaka ". Kwemakore makumi mashanu neshanu ehupenyu, iyo Chirungu yakagadzira zvinyorwa uye vatungamiriri, zvakamisikidza nzanga uye simba, uye nekurangarira nyika se "muimbi" wezita.Hudu uye Vechidiki
William makepis tekcket yakazvarwa musi waChikunguru 18, 1811 muCalcutta, Colonial British India. Iye mukomana ndiye ega mwana mumhuri yeRichmond Techkeea uye Ann Bhoker, uyo aishayiwa rudo rwevabereki. Baba vakafa muna 1815 kubva kufivha, uye gore rakatevera amai vakatumira mwanakomana wavo kuEngland. Mwana akarwadziwa zvinorwadza kuparadzaniswa: Kutonga nemufananidzo waWilliam naAnn, rakanyorwa naGeorge Chnnery muna 1813, pakanga paine hukama hwepedyo hwemhuri pakati pavo.
Muna 1817, mukadzi akaroora rudo rwekutanga Henry Karmaikla-Smith. Makore matatu gare gare, vaviri vacho vakatamira kuEngland. Mwanakomana akaona kumeso kwake shure kwekugara kwenguva refu, asi kwete kwenguva refu: Akatumirwa kune yakavharwa charteryhouse yeLondon. Pano mukomana akava shamwari naJohn Liali, ramangwana remberi.
Mugore rekupedzisira rekudzidza, William akarwara, uye kusvika muUtatu koreji koreji Cambridge aifanira kutumirwa kusvika Kukadzi 1829. Jaya racho rakanga risingafarire sainzi chaiyo, akaburitsa zvinyorwa zveSatiiriki mumagazini eyunivhesiti "snob" uye "Gownman". Saka ndakatadza kujairana nekufunda, tekkrey yakasiiwa yeCambridge muZambani 1830, yapfuura Paris neAlimari, pakanga paine vazivikanwi naJohann Wolfang von Goethe akaitika.
Pana 21, jaya rakagamuchira nhaka kubva kuna baba vake. Chikamu cheMari William akarasikirwa nekadhi, mumwe akaiswa mari mumapepanhau asina kubatsirwa "National Standard" uye "bumbiro", iro rakarongwa kubudiswa. Kudonha kwemabhangi maviri eIndia, kwaiwanikwa nhaka yenhaka yakanga iri nhema, yakashandura teckeree kune varombo. Muchirungu akawana chingwa nemakatuni anopenda, ayo akazonyora mapeji ezvinyorwa zvake, panguva imwe chete akaburitswa mumagazini "magazini yaFarser". Mune ino yedudziro, iyo yekutanga basa rakakosha remunyori "Katerina" rakabudiswa.
Mabhuku
Kuti ugadzire "katerina", tekckeree akasundidzira biography yeJack Sheppard, mbavha uye kunyengera kwezana rekutanga Xviii zana, rakanyorwa naWilliam Harrison Einsworth. Nyanzvi yacho yaive nerondedzero yakadururwa yematsotsi ane njodzi, uye tekkrey akafunga kuratidza nyika yemhosva sezvo yaive - yakaipa.
Hunhu hukuru hwenyaya hwaive katerina haze, mukadzi wekupedzisira wechiRungu, akapiswa ari mupenyu mumoto. Chikonzero chekurangwa kwakasimba kwakadaro ndiko kuurayiwa kwemurume wake. Kunyangwe chinangwa chemunyori, kuwana matsotsi, katerina kunokunzwira tsitsi sevadikani vake, migove yekuponda.
Basa rinobva ratanga harina kufanana nefuma, saka paHupenyu Hwake "Kakaona Chiedza Chekutanga: Kubva munaMay 1839, nyaya yacho yakabudiswa nemapeji"
Muna 1844, mune imwezve bhuku, yechipiri Novel "Barry Barry Lyndon" yakazonyorwa pasi pezita "zvinyorwa Barry Lyndon, mesquins, akanyorwa naye". Pakati penzvimbo yerondedzero - munhu anokudzwa-fake kubva kuIreland, anoedza kupfuma uye kupinda munharaunda yeChirungu Aristocrats.
Muna 1975, novel yaive yakachengetedzwa stanley kubirik. Barry Lyndon yakava imwe yemafirimu akanakisa emudyire: Akapihwa mana mubairo.
Mukupera kwa 1840, William Tekkey zita raCekkey rakakurukurwa nekuda kwemakumi mashanu neshanu ekuratidzira, izvo mune 1848th yakabuda munzira yekuunganidza uye ine zita rekuti "snob bhuku". Asi nyika mukurumbira kumunyori yakaunza bhuku "rakanaka pane zvisina maturo". Zvinoenderana nekakataurwa neBritish amene, basa iri rakakwira "pamusoro pomuti wekugadzira".
Zviitiko zvechiitiko zvinoitika kurwisa kumashure kwehondo dzeNapoleonic. Pasinei nekutyisidzirwa kwekuparadzwa kweiyo nguva dzose nyika, magamba ebasa ari kungoona chete nekuda kwehupenyu hwavo uye akanaka: mapoka, mazita, hutano hwakanaka.
Tekkerei inonzi "zvisina basa zvakanaka" "Roma pasina gamba", asi vadzidzi vePensis Miss Pinkerton, Emilia Sadli naRebecca Sharpe vari pakati pehurongwa hwerondedzero. Musikana wekutanga kubva kumhuri yakachengetedzwa, chisya mises uye milovoid, asi isina kupihwa pfungwa dzakakosha, uye musikana wake akaenzana naiye muimbi uye mutambi akagadzirira kuenda pamisoro yavo nekuda kwezuva.
Mukufamba kwebasa, munyori sekunge achienzanisa miviri yegamba: anogara nani nani, ndiani ane mari yakawanda - uye anofara. Kufunga kwega kwega kwevasikana iwanano inobudirira, nhaka huru, iko kuberekwa kwemwana - miti yakaomeswa. Inomiririra nzanga seyakanaka pane izvo zvese zvinotengwa uye kutengeswa: tsika, rudo, ruremekedzo.
Mushure mekudzoka kwechiitiko, munyori akapomedzerwa pendi isina kukodzera pendi mumufananidzo wekambani mune yakawandisa mavara, ayo Tekkrech akapindura kuti anoona vanhu "kusemesa benzi uye noudyire." Nekudaro, varidzi veAristocrats uye varidzi vevaridzi, vakuru nevatungamiriri uye madhipiresi, muridzi wechiRungu haana kutevera zvinangwa zvavo zvekunyadzisa. Pane kusapindirana, ini ndaida kumanikidza nzanga kuratidza maziso kune kwako kusaziva uye kuzvitutumadza.
"Hazvina basa zvakanaka" ibasa rakakurumbira reTekkesaa. Panguva ino, inopfuura nhovo makumi maviri dzinobviswa: mbeveve uye mafirimu emifananidzo, radio zviteshi, terevhizheni nhaurwa. "Chiitiko chitsva" chevhidhiyo cheNovel ndiyo 7-series Series ya 2018 ne Olivia cook naClaudia Jeses mumabhiza anotungamira.
Sezvo awana munyori anokunda, iyo Chirungu haina kukanda kunyora. Muna 1850, mwenje wakaona zita rekuti "Penenninis" (rimwe zita "nhoroondo yePenennis, kubudirira kwake uye infusion, shamwari dzake uye muvengi wake akaipisisa"). Hunhu hukuru hwaArthur penadnance, mukomana werushi anoenda kuLondon kuti awane nzvimbo muhupenyu uye nzanga. Vatsoropodzi vatsoropodzi vakaziva kuti mavara kubva kuiyi novel akagara nhaka mavara emagamba e "zvisina maturo akanaka".
Makore maviri gare gare, Tekkereri akasunungura "nyaya yaHenry Esmond" - iyo bhuku racho iro munyori rairangarira zvakanakisa mu bhaibheri. Kunyange zvakadaro, munyori weChirungu George Eliot akadana basa racho kuti "bhuku risina kugadzikana, raungafungidzira." Kudzokorora kwakadaro kweiyo Tekkemey Dalae nekuti, mumupove munyowani, Henry Esmond anotsvaga nzvimbo yemusikana mudiki, uye nyaya yacho inowana kuroora amai vake. Muna 1859, nyaya yacho yakaenderera mberi mune yechokwadi "mhandara".
Hupenyu Hwako
Musi waChikunguru 20, 1836, William Tekcrech akaenda nemukadzi wake Isabella Getin show. Vana vatatu vakazvarwa mumhuri: Ann Isabella (1837-1919 (1837-1919), Jane (1839, akafa aine makore masere emwedzi) neHarreieeta Marien (1840-1875).
Kuzvarwa kwemwanasikana wechitatu Harriet kwakashanduka kuita chiitiko chinoshungurudza muhupenyu hwemunhu wemunyori: Iyo Postpartum kushungurudzika yakatanga kune mumwe wako. MunaSeptember 1840, Tekkerei, achida kubatsira Isabelle akakunda nguva yakaoma, akaenda naye kuIreland. Munguva yekuyambuka, mukadzi akasvetuka kubva pahwindo kugungwa rakavhurika, asi akaponeswa.
MunaNovember 1840, mamiriro epfungwa emukadzi wemunyori akaora mwoyo, zvaitora hanya nehunyanzvi. Kwemakore mashanu anotevera, mukadzi akashandiswa mumakirinari epfungwa epfungwa, ipapo vanamukoti vakaonekwa kumashure kwake. Haana kumboporesa, asi iye akapukunyuka murume wake kwemakore makumi matatu, anofa muna 1894.
Kunyangwe Isabella Nasabella Nastiga, Tekkerei akaramba akatendeka kune mumwe wako mupfungwa, asi aive nemunyori webasa rekuroora Jane Jane Brookfield uye mamwe muBhallter.
Mukunda wakakurumbira wakakurumbira waWilliam ndiAnn Isabella - Mumiriri anopenya wezveMunguva Yekukunda Victorian. Uye mwana mudiki wemunyori, Harriet, akaroora munyori wenhoroondo weChirungu Sir Leslie Stephen. Vaviri vaviri vaive nemwanasikana waLaura, avo vakagara nhaka yepfungwa kubva kuna gogo isabella Getn show shows.
Rufu
Hutano hwaWilliam Webhusaiti hwakatanga kuderera mukutanga kwa 1850s, akatambudzwa nekusapindirana. Uyezve, munyori akanzwisisa kuti akange arererwa. Nekuda kweizvozvo, akatanga kushungurudza chikafu nekumwa, achiporesa "mukurumbira wekuverenga." Iyo yaunofarira yekubhururuka yeBritish yaive tsvuku pepper, iyo nguva zhinji kushandiswa kweiyo yakaparadza iyo yekugaya system.
Musi waZvita 23, 1863, achidzokera kumba mushure mekudya kwemanheru, munyori akatambura kurohwa. Mangwanani akatevera, Zvita 24, Techkeea akawana akafa.
Rufu rwemurume ane makore makumi mashanu nemashanu ane makore makumi mashanu nemashanu akashamisika. Mariro muKensington Gardens akashanyira vanhu zviuru mazana manomwe. Muviri wemunyori unozorora pane iyo Kennal Green Cemetery, uye muWestminster Abbey, bhasikoro reChirangaridzo reTekkesey, rakaputika neFrench sculptor carlo morroetty, akaiswa.
BHAIBHERI
- 1839-1840 - "Katerina"
- 1844 - "Zvinyorwa Barry Barry Lyndon, Esquire, akanyorwa ari oga"
- 1848 - "Snob Book"
- 1848 - "Vanity Fair"
- 1848-1850 - "Pedenness"
- 1852 - "vakadzi vakaroora"
- 1852 - "Nhoroondo Henry Esmond"
- 1855 - "Rose and mhete"
- 1857-1859 - "Virginians"