Biography
Muzivi weRussia weRussia-Utipist Nikolai Chernysetsky, mwanakomana waSartovPolevhressky, aifanira kuita basa rekunamata rine simba, asi makore ekufunda kumamina neyunivhesiti akatendeudzira mwoyo wake nechitendero. Nekuda kweizvozvo, akazova anonyanya kuverenga Democrat Excarrat.
Yemahara-tambo mutengo unodhura: Pasina Katorgeta ane makore makumi maviri nemashanu akamushandisa simba, hutano, achitaura nemhuri yake uye nemukana wekushanda, asi biography yake yakave ichikurudzirwa chizvarwa chitsva, uye Mabasa akaisa kuiswa kukuru pakukura kwakazotevera kwehunyanzvi hwehurumende uye mabhuku.
Hudu uye Vechidiki
Nikolai akaberekerwa muSaratov 12 (24) yaJuly 1828. Baba vake Gavrille Chernshevsky aive mupristi uye wemakore iwayo munhu akadzidza kwazvo anoda kuona kuti vana vake ramangwana rakakodzera. Kuve mudiki kolya kwakapedza pamusoro pemabhuku. Kugadzirira uye goriona dzemukomana dzakashamisika kwete chete nevezera rangu chete, asi zvakare shamwari dzevamwe vakuru vaBaba.
Muna 1842, mudiki ChernysHevsky akatanga seminari yemweya. Hunhu hwekudzidzisa munzvimbo yedzidzo haina kukodzera iye, uye jaya rikamubata nedzidzo, kudzidza geography, mabhuku, girama uye mitauro. Mushure mekufunda makore mana muSeminary, Nikolai Akasunga Zvinyorwa kuSt. Petersburg University kuFaculty yenhoroondo nePhilology.
Mabasa ebhuku uye mabhuku
Munguva yemudzidzi, iyo nyika yeramangwana remangwana racho rakazogadzirwa. Akatanga kugadzirira nehana kuti adzidzise basa rekudzidzisa uye akatanga kunyora artwork. Pasinei nenyaya yekuti Nikolai yaimbofunda muzvidzidzo zvedzidzo zvemweya uye kazhinji yaive yakatungamirwa kubva kumhuri yechitendero, dzidziso yeiyo yekare orthodoxy yakanatswa.
Mushure memakore maviri, Chernyhevsky, pamwe nemukadzi mudiki, akadzokera kuPetersburg. Akapihwa nzvimbo yemudzidzisi muCadet Corps, uye akabvuma nemufaro, achiona mukana wekuparadzira pfungwa dzake. Mudzidzisi Nikolai Gavrilovich, asi pamwe chete naye akavimbika, asi vaaishanda navo, haana kubata hukama hwake: mushure mekunge mumwe munhu anonyanya kutaura, mudzidzisi akarega.
Muna 1853, Chernysetsky akatanga kubudiswa mu "Zvepamba Zvinyorwa" uye "St. Petersburg Vedomosti". Kutanga nezvinyorwa zvipfupi, zvishoma nezvishoma akatamira kuzvirongwa zvezvirongwa. Kwapera gore, munyori akaenda ku "rostery". Pasinei nekuchinja kwavanoona, Nikolai Gavrilovich, akasiya zvimisikidzwa nenjodzi nenjodzi uye pane inova vanyori veLiberal Annenkov, Druzhinin, turgev uye botkov uye botkov uye botkin.
Uzivi uye zvematongerwo enyika maonero
Muna 1855, Chernyhevsky akadzivirira iyo thesis yake yakatsaurirwa kuhukama hwemafungiro ehunyanzvi hwenyanzvi hwenyika yeiyo phenomena yenyika. Kutaura kwake kwakakonzera rudzidziso paruzhinji, kubvira kutsoropodzwa kwakapinza kwe "kutsoropodza kwe" yakachena ", vabvisirwa chokwadi chairo, vazhinji vaitaridzika sechinhu chakashata uye kuedza kuparadza nheyo dzechinyakare.
Vamiriri vemakurukotawo havana kufarira nzvimbo yevasayeri sainzi: A. S. S. S. S. S. S. S. S. S. S. S. Sr. Nor. Nikolai Gavrilovich akagamuchira musoro weTenzi weRussia mabhuku makore matatu chete, apo Nolova yakaziviswa E. P. Kovalevsky.
Panguva imwecheteyo, munyori akananga kugazini "kuunganidzwa kwemauto". Kukwezva kwake kugadzirisa bhuku racho hakuna kuongorora tsaona: ChernysHevsky akakokwa kuti atungamire mabasa ekuparadzira, nekuti, nehurongwa hwekuchinja, uto racho raifanirwa kuve simba guru rekutyaira rekuchinja kuri kuuya. Ikoko ChernysHevsky akaziviswa neOGarev uye her her. Pamwe chete ivo vakava vhesi dzevagari vobva vakatanga vanhu vakavanzika "pasi uye vachadaro".
Kusungwa uye Reference
Muna 1861, Nikolai Gavrilovich akazotarisisa kwemapurisa, uye kutariswa kwakavanzika kwakagadzwa pamusoro pake. Mupepeti we "kuunganidzwa kwemauto" uye munyori we "iye akarwadziswa" akafungidzirwa kuti anoteedzerwa kuHurumende iripo. Izvi zvakanyorwa zvakanyorwa mubhuku rebasa zvakaunganidzwa neiyo Gendarme Dollvalukov). Mukuwedzera, Chernyhevsky akafungidzirwa kuti kupindwa mumoto zvakaitika muSt. Petersburg muna 1862.
Nenguva isipi "anorarama panguva iyoyo" akavharwa, uye mumwedzi weNikolai Gavrilovich, achiisa petrovlovlvsk fortress mune imwe imba. Chikonzero chakarongeka chekusungwa chaive tsamba yeiyo herzen kusvika kumaodzanyemba Solovyovich, uyo akataura kuti zita reChernysHevsky - anonzi akarongwa kuti aronge basa re "Rostery" muUK. Mukuwedzera, Nikolay Gavrilovich akapomerwa kugadzirwa kweanotengesa kune varidzi vearenda kumhirizhonga kune varidzi vepasi pevhu.
Kuongorora mune nyaya yekuchinja kwemakore 1.5. Commission yekusimbisa mhosva ya Chernyhevsky yaishandisa nzira zvisiri pamutemo - humbowo hwezvapupu zvenhema, zvinyorwa zvekunyepera. Kukwezva kutarisa nekusarongeka, musungwa akazivisa kurova kwezuva 9, asi hazvina kubatsira.
Kunyangwe mutirongo, musayendisiti akaramba achishanda nekunyora mashizha anopfuura mazana maviri emavara. Mukupinza, akapedza chinyorwa "zvekuita?". Chinhu chinonakidza - basa rakagamuchirwa uye rakabudiswa, kunyangwe chinzvimbo chemunyori wake.
Muna 1864, Nikolay Gavrilovich akazivisa mutsara: Katoruta ane makore gumi nematatu muSiberia nehupenyu hwese ipapo. Maererano nechishuwo chako pachako chamambo, nguva yekarenda yakaipetwa kaviri, asi semhedzisiro, munyori akaitisa chinongedzo 19 neanopfuura gore. Chernysetsy civil chirango chirango chinonyadzisa muchimiro chekuvharirwa kweruzhinji rwese huwandu hwenzvimbo uye neropafadzo - dzakaitika muna 19 Chivabvu 1864 kuEquestrian Square ye St. Petersburg.
Musungwa akayambuka muNerchinky Cathedral, uye gare gare ivo varipo muVilyuisk. Mushure memakore gumi, Chernyhevsky akataura zviri pamutemo kuti aise kuregererwa, asi akaramba. Kumanikidza padanho rekuchinja kwakaitwa nekuedza kwakawanda, asi iyo Chernshevsky's Saratov yakazopedzisira yadzokera kuSaratov munguva pfupi.
Mukupedzisira, shamwari nehama dzakakwanisa kuve nechokwadi kuti akatamiswa kubva kuSiberia kuenda kuAstrakhan. Emperor akaenderera mberi neiyi nhanho kubva mukutya mhirizhonga nyowani, nekuti "Earth neLoa" yakabva yazviratidza sesangano rine ngozi, uye raisada kupenya mamiriro ezvinhu.
Hupenyu Hwako
Munyori akaroora. Olga Skuutovna Vasilsva, avakawana muna 1853 vakava mukuru wavo. Mukadzi wacho akanzwa munhu wepakutanga, uye sarudzo yeChernysetsk haina kutendera kuti kwete: Olga akapomerwa mhosva yekusagadzikana uye kusava nebasa nebasa remumwe mukadzi, asi Nikolai Gavrilovich amene akafara. Kuda kwake mudzimai wake kwakava mapofu uye hakuna mhosva, uye akafunga nezvewanano munzira yekuedza mazano matsva, achiedza kuvaka hukama hwakaenzana kubvisa uranda uye kudzvinyirira kwevakadzi mumhuri.
Paunosangana Chernyhevsky nenzira yakatendeka akanyevera kuti aifarira "zvinhu zvinonhuwira senge ngoro", asi Olga haana kumisa. Sezvo anga agamuchira mvumo yake kuwanano, akananga ku "diary yehukama hwangu neuyo anoita kuti mufaro wangu" uye ndakatanga kuwedzera pfungwa dzake dzekuchinja muhupenyu hwemhuri.
ChernysHevsky akataura kuti vese vakaroora vakaenzana kodzero uye mabasa, iyo yenguva iyoyo yaive nzvimbo yakashinga. Muwanano, Akaratidza Olga rusununguko rwakazara, kuti achinje, kutenda kuti aive nekodzero yekuzvitora pachezvake, sezvinoita zvido. Mukadzi paakatanga neanopfuura neshamwari yeMhuri Ivan Savitsky, akamutumidza kuti akamusiya, ivimbise kuti hapana chinoda kunge mufaro wake. Olga, anoyemura rupo rwakadai, akasarudza kugara nemurume wake.
Zvakaitika pachezvako Chernysetsky gare gare mutsara wekutanga wechiitiko "zvekuita?", Uye hukama hwemukadzi mumwe uye varume vaviri vakaramba vari mumabhuku eWestern Lifle "Russian Triangle".
Hama dzaNikolai Gavrilovich vakatarisa vakasanangurwa "neKoso" uye mukuzvarwa kwake kwehupenyu hwevaviri ava vaigara vachifamba makuhwa uye runyerekupe. Kuenda kwemhuri yechidiki muSt. Petersburg Kuwedzera Kuyeuchidzwa Kutiza Kubva Mukusarura nevarume vakuru. Mafuta mumoto akadurura chokwadi chekuti muchato wakafamba nekukurumidza - izvi zvisati zvaitika izvi, Nikolai Gavrilovich, zvakadaro, akaramba kumira kwekuchema.
Pamwe chete, Chernyhevsky akararama kwemakore 9, asi mafambiro akavasarudza akawanda makore makumi maviri emhuri mufaro wemhuri. Kubva muSiberia zvidhinha, muzivi akanyora tsamba mazana matatu kumukadzi wake, asi gare gare akarega kunyorerana, achifunga kuti zvakaramba zvichikomberedza Olga, zvirinani.
Pakasvika nguva yekubva kwake, vakaroora vakanga vatokura vanakomana vatatu - Mikhail, Victor naAlexander, uye vakasara vasina murume wake uye baba vakadzidza kudiwa. Olga aifanira kushanda neiyo duct uye akabatwa. Muna 1866, akatora mwana mudiki, akaenda kunoshanyira mumwe wake. Iyo nzira yakatora mwedzi mitanhatu, asi vakakwanisa kushandisa mazuva mana chete. Nikolai Gavrilovich akakumbira Olga kuti arambe uye aroore zvakare, asi haana kumbobvira azviita.
Rufu
Kutenda kune matambudziko eRodney ChernysHevsky muna June 1889, akadzokera kuSaratov, asi hazvina kufanira kuti ararame mazuva ake mutaundi rekumusha kwake. Basa rakaoma rakatsemuka hutano hwake, uye mumakore makumi matanhatu nemasere munyori aive murume aive asina kusimba.
Mukuvhuvhu wegore rimwe chetero, akarwara nemarariya ndokufa kamwe kamwe. Chikonzero cherufu chaive chigaro muuropi.
Guva raNikolai Gavrlovich ChernysHesky iri pane iyo makuva emagetsi okumuka eSaratov.
Chokwadi Zvinonakidza
- Mune yechokwadi "zvekuita?" Yakataurwa Aluminium inonzi "simbi yeramangwana". Panguva iyoyo, akashandiswa zvishoma, asi fungidziro yaChernshevsky nezve kushandisa kwake kwakapararira muindasitiri yakazadzika chaizvo.
- Muhudiki, shamwari dzakasiya munyori neBiblightari, uye shamwari dzake dzakanzi Vanodya Mabhuku - Nyota Yake Ruzivo yaive isina kunaka.
- Munguva dzeSoviet, izwi rekuti "zvekuita?" Yakave yakakurumbira zvisina kujairika nekuda kwekuongororwa kwakanaka kwaLenin.
- Kuda mukadzi wake ChernysHevsky akachengeta hupenyu hwake hwese uye haana kurega kufunga nezvake kunyange mumakore mazhinji kwazvo eCortis. Kuchengetedza peni kubva kune inowana mari yekuwana, akakwanisa kutenga mapoka emukati mavo uye anotumira chipo kuna Petersburg.
Quotes
Chiitiko chevanhu hachina chinhu uye chisina kukosha kana chisiri zano iri zano. Kodzero yekurarama uye ufare - chiratidzo chisina chinhu chomunhu asina kana hunhu hwevanhu hunonyanya kukosha mukuti iwo ane mutsa Yezororo iri nyore uye inomunakidza kwaari. Ndiwe unobva wagadzira chokwadi ichocho kana usiri kufunga nezve mhedzisiro.BHAIBHERI
- 1862-1863 - "Zvokuita?"
- 1863 - "Alfriev"
- 1883 - "Zvinyorwa paNakrasov"
- 1854 - "Kuona Kwakakosha Kwemazuva ano Aesthetic Pfungwa"
- 1855 - "Mafungiro ekuita ehunyanzvi hwechokwadi"
- 1855 - "Sublime uye Comic"
- 1855 - "Hunhu hweZivo Yevanhu"
- 1858 - "Kutsoropodza kweFirosofi Kuratidzwa Nezvemunhu Wemunhu Wenharaunda"
- 1860 - "Nyanzvi yeAnthropologicology muNzivi"
- 1888 - "Kwakatangira Pfungwa Dzevanobatsira Kurwa Kweupenyu"