Biography
Vera Mukhina, iyo yakava mukurumbira weprojekiti yeboka remagetsi "mushandi uye muna 1937, akaita mupiro wakakura wekupesana nekuparadzira kwenhema. Uye zvakare, mukadzi ane rimwe basa rinozivikanwa rakaunza mari zhinji uye mibairo.
Vera akaberekerwa muzhizha ra 1889 muRiga, iyo panguva iyoyo yaive yakawanikwa sechikamu chedunhu rehupenyu hwedenga reMusangano weRussia. Baba vemusikana weImba, Ignatius kuzmich, vaive vatengesi vanozivikanwa uye mutengesi, mhuri yake yaive yekirasi yevatengesi.
Kana kutenda kwakatendeuka makore maviri, amai vake vanofa kubva kuTberculosis. Baba vaida mwanasikana wake uye vakatya hutano hwake, saka ndakatakurwa kuFoodoya, kwaaigara kusvika 1904. Ikoko, ramangwana remangwana rakagamuchira yekutanga muhupenyu hwekupenda uye kudhirowa zvidzidzo.
Muna 1904, Baba vekutenda vanofa, saka musikana ane hanzvadzi yake vakuru anotakurwa kuenda kuKursk. Pakange mukagara hama dzemhuri, vakachengetedza nherera mbiri. Vakarayirwawo uye vasina kuzvidemba mari yacho, hanzvadzi dzedongi, dzakatumirwa kunofamba kuenda kuDresden, tyrol neBerlin.
MuKursk Mukhina akaenda kunodzidza kuchikoro. Nekukudzwa, kupedza kudzidza kubva kuimba yekurovedza muviri, akatamira kuMoscow. Ivo varindi vaironga kutsvaga musikana wechikomba, kunyange ichi chaisave chikamu chekutenda. Akarota achibata mastering art uye rimwe zuva famba kuenda kuParis. Panguva ino, ramangwana rambiro rave kutanga kudzidza pendi muMoscow art studios.
Sculpture uye kugona
Wakatozotevera, musikana akaenda kuguta guru reFrance uye kwaiziva izvo zvakagadzirirwa kuve svutugadzike. Iye wekutanga zano munzvimbo ino aive eMukhina Emil Antoine Burdel, mudzidzi weiyo legendary auguste robin. Akaendawo kuItari, akadzidza basa renzvimbo inozivikanwa yeiyo Renaissance nguva. Muna 1914, Mukhoina akadzokera kuMoscow.
Mushure mekupedza kweColoc Revolution, Lenin akagadzira chirongwa chekugadzira mafambisirwo emadhorobha uye akakwezva nyanzvi dzechidiki nekuda kweizvi. Muna 1918, Mukhina akagamuchira rairo yekugadzirwa kwechifananidzo kuna N. I. Novikov. Musikana wacho akagadzira ivhu revhu ndokumutumira kuti abvumire kumakomisheni ezvekuvhenekerwa kweRssr. Basa rekutenda rakafungidzirwa kuti, asi rakakwanisa kuipedza. Sezvo mwero wakachengetwa munzvimbo dzinotonhora dzemusangano, ivhu rakakurumidza kupaza, uye basa racho rakapambwa.
Zvakare, mukati mechimiro cheiyo leninist chirongwa chekuparadzira kwepfungwa, Mukhinha wakagadzira makate ongororo yemamondi. M. SVERDLOV, VERVEZE "Shanduko" uye "kusunungurwa". Muhudiki, hunhu hwemusikana uyu haana kumutendera kuti arege kusvika pakati pebasa, kutenda kwake kwebasa kwakanyatsoshanda, kunyange zvinhu zvidiki zvidiki zvaifungidzirwa uye zvaiwanzodarika zvinotarisirwa nevamwe. Saka mune biography yemukadzi, basa rekutanga mubasa rebasa rakaoneka.
Kusikwa kwekutenda kwakaratidzirwa kwete chete muzvinyorwa. Muna 1925, akagadzira muunganidzwa wenguo dzakanaka. Zvekusona, zvishandiso zvakachipa zvakasarudzika, kusanganisira nengozi, nejira rekucheka uye canvas, mabhatani akadururwa kunze kwehuni, uye hanzi - kubva kuRogodhih. Kwete pasina kushongedza. Nekuti kushongedza, sculpptor yakauya nechishongo chekutanga inonzi "cock muenzaniso". Nekuunganidzwa kwakagadzirwa, mukadzi uyu akaenda kuchiratidziro muParis. Akaunza zvipfeko pamwe chete nemafashoni emafashoni N. P. Lamaniva uye akagamuchira mubairo mukuru kumakwikwi.
Munguva kubva muna 1926 kusvika 1930, Mukhina akadzidzisa kuWechreme Art uye Technical Institute uye hunyanzvi uye maindasitiri echikoro.
Chifananidzo che "muridzi" akava basa rakakura mune rehunyanzvi basa remukadzi. Basa racho rakazvipira kusvika ku10 tay of Gumiguru waGumiguru, kunyangwe artist yakakurumbira ILya Mashkov vakapindura zvakanaka nezvake. Pakuratidzira, chifananidzo chakatora nzvimbo 1. Uye shure kwe "varombo" vanofara pakuratidzira venice, zvakatengwa nemumuseum yeguta reThe Wirkee. Nhasi, basa iri rinoenderana nekuunganidzwa kweVietsir Museum muRoma.
Mupiro unofungidzirwa mutsika wenyika wakaita kutenda uye zvakasikwa zvawo "zvinoshanda uye pamwe chete purazi." Mifananidzo yevarume nevakadzi muna 1937 yakaiswa muParis iri kuParamo yeNyika, uye yakazotakurira kumusha kumusangano wemunyori uye akaiswa pamatare. Ichi chivakwa chakava chiratidzo cheMoscow New Moscow, yeMosfilm's film studio. Iyo Mufananidzo weMateu akashandiswa sechiratidzo.
Pakati pemamwe mabasa aTendi Mukhinments - Monuments M. Gorky naP. Tchaikovsky. Kwemakore akati wandei, mukadzi akashanda pakugadzira mataurire eshuwa, asi panguva yehupenyu hwake, zvaigoneka kuve chirongwa chimwe chete - kuumbwa "chingwa". Zvivakwa zvishanu zvasara zvakagadzirwa nematanho mushure mekufa kwegomba.
Mumakore ehondo-Hondo, kutenda kwakagadzira museum kunosanganisira zvinyorwa zvetsvina. Iyo gallery yevakadzi yakadzorerwa mifananidzo yeG. Ulanova, N. Burdenko, B. Yusupova naI. Khizhnyak. Kunyangwe magwaro achiratidza maitiro eMukhina kuchisikwa chekusikwa kwegirazi rakakurumbira, aiwa, asi vazhinji vanoreverwa vachireva kuti ndiro iyi, iyo mumakore eSoviet yakashandiswa zvakanyanya muCantiens.
Hupenyu Hwako
Rudo rwekutanga kutenda kwakasangana muParis. Musikana paakadzidza hunyanzvi hwekugadzira mifananidzo, nezvekuvaka hupenyu hwomunhu uye asina kufunga, nekuti zvaive zvakatarisana nekugamuchira ruzivo. Asi moyo hauraridze.
Iyo yakasarudzwa yeMughan yaive Runna Ester ester Alexander Vertilov. Nekudaro, vaviri vacho vaivapo, muna 1914, vechidiki vakarambana. Vera akaenda kunoshanyira hama kuRussia, uye Alexander akaenda kumberi kunorwa. Kugara muRussia makore mashoma, musikana wacho akazotevera, musikana uyu akadzidza nezverufu rwemudiwa wake, uye nezvevana vekutanga kweGumi rwekuchinja.
Nemurume wake wemangwana, Mukhin akasangana panguva yehondo yevagari. Akashanda semurusi, akabatsira kusundira akakuvara. Pamwe chete naye, chiremba wechidiki wemauto Alexey Zamkov akashanda. Vechidiki vakadanana uye vakaroora muna 1918. PaInternet akatoburitsa mapikicha evaviri ava. Kekutanga nguva yechidiki haina kufunga nezvevana. Pamwe chete ivo vaifanira kupona pamakore ane nzara, izvo chete zvakangoita mhuri uye airatidza manzwiro echokwadi emurume nemukadzi.
Muwanano, mwanakomana akaberekwa Mwanakomana, akanzi Vvereod. Ndine makore mana, mukomana akarwara. Mushure mekukuvara, kusimba kwehupfumi kwakaumbwa mune ronda. Vanachiremba vese vakawana vabereki, vakaramba kumubata, nekuti nyaya yacho yaionekwa seisina tariro. Asi baba havana kudzikisa maoko ake apo pakanga pasina chisarudzo chemumwe, iye amene akashanda pamwana wake kumba, pane uye akaponesa hupenyu hwake. Vosvodhi paakapora, akadzidza uye akava mutekwani, uye akazunza vazukuru vake kuvabereki vake.
Basa reChamkova rakanyanya kukwira paakasika kugadzirira kwehomoni "Graveldidan", iro rakava mushonga wekutanga wemaindasitiri munyika. Nekudaro, kukura kwouchiremba kwaakaongwa chete nevarwere chete, vanachiremba veSoviet vakatsamwira. Panenge panguva imwe chete iyoyo, basa racho rakapera kubvumidza madokero matsva ekutenda, chinangwa chikuru ndechekuti "Bourgeois yakabva kumunyori". Kutsvaga kusingaperi uye kubvunzurudza hakuna mubvunzo kwakaunza mukadzi wemukadzi kusvika pakurwara nemoyo, saka mhuri iyi yakasarudza kutiza muLatvia.
Kusine nguva yekuenda kwaunoda kuenda, mhuri iyi yakadzokororwa uye yakadzoserwa kumashure. Fugitives vanobvunzurudzwa, uye mushure meiyo voronezh. Kuchengetedza chinzvimbo cheiyo lear maximy gorky. Iye munyori akarapwa kwenguva yakati yapfuura kubva kumurume uye akaruramisa hutano kune "giravelo". Munyori akagutsa Stalin kuti nyika inoda chiremba akadaro, mushure meizvozvo mhuri yakadzoserwa kuguta guru uye akatobvumira nzvimbo yekuvhura iyo Institute.
Rufu
Vera Mukhina akafa mukudonha kwa1953, akabva ava nemakore makumi matanhatu nemasere. Kukonzera rufu kwave kwenguva refu-inotyisa angina.Guva rechiratidzo ruri pane yechipiri chirongwa cheNovderevichy Cemetery.
Shanda
- Chifananidzo "mushandi uye wepamhepo" muMoscow
- Zvifananidzo "chingwa" uye "kubereka" muMoscow
- Sculptures "Gungwa" muMoscow
- Monument Maxim Gorky muMoscow
- Mataundi eTombstones kuNovodevichy Cemetery muMoscow
- Kuumbwa kwekunyora "Farhad naShirin" muKogogiramu
- Monument Maxim Gorky muNizhy Novgorod
- Kuongorora "rugare" muKogogiramu