Biography
Pamwe chete neEurICID, SOFOKL tarisiro yekare yechiGiriki, avo mabasa akachengetedzwa kusvikira nguva dzazvino: Iyo yairamba yakadarika zvidimbu zana nemakumi matatu chete. Kwemakore makumi mashanu, ainzi awonekwi eAtene Peet: Yakarasika mumakwikwi makumi matanhatu nemashanu emakwikwi ekurwadzisa, nepo ndisiri kuderera pazasi pechipiri nzvimbo. Iko kukosha kwekusikwa kwechirume haku kuderera kusvika nhasi.Fate
Sophokl akaberekwa munenge 496 kusvika n. Ns. Mukoloni, iyo nharaunda yeAtene, mumhuri yakachengetedzwa yemugadziri wemauto eSofilla. Baba vakanetseka mwanakomana wavo, asi mukomana anobereka michero ane hukama nehunyanzvi. Semwana, Sofokl akadzidza mumhanzi, uye mushure mekukunda kwevaGiriki pamusoro pevaPeresea yePereseaan ye 480 kusvika N. Ns. Akananga kuti aya yechidiki à, kudzingirira heroism of varwi.
Biography yetemberi yakabatana kwete chete nemutambo, asiwo nehupenyu hwematongerwo enyika. Zvichida, muna 443-442 BC. Ns. Sophokl yaive nekoreji yePrechchair yeAtene Union, uye muna 440 BC. Ns. Akasarudzwa zano rehondo yeSamosi. Munguva diki yechiGiriki, ivo vakabatanidzwa pakati penzombe, ivo vapi vapi vapi vapi vapi vakabatsira Atene kuti vapore pakukundikana kwekubuda kweSicilian mukati mehondo yePeloponnesia.
Mubasa remufananidzo wemudope, Athena akanyora kuti Sofkl akaedzwa kune varume:
"Sofokl vakomana vakangofanana neEuripid vakada vakadzi."
Hazvibviri kuramba kana kusimbisa iyi chokwadi chinonakidza kubva muhupenyu hwega hwechiremba, asi zvinozivikanwa nekuda kwechokwadi kuti SHOPHOKla yaive nemukadzi - muNickeleton. Yevana vaviri vari muwanano yepamutemo, imwe chete, iofonte, yakazvarwa. Mwanakomana wechipiri, Ariston, akazvarwa kubva mukutenderera kweFerida Sikion. Aofont akaenda akatsika tsoka dzaBaba uye akava mutyairi.
Kuve nekurarama makore makumi mapfumbamwe nemashanu, sophokl akafa muna 406 kusvika n. Ns. Pane ndima nhatu dzedambudziko. Sekureva kwevanyori venhoroondo ISTR uye Neanfu, mutyairi wekutamba wakasungwa mumazambiringa. Sekureva kwenyaya dzeSatira munyori, panguva yekuverenga "antigona" pamberi peveruzhinji, Sofokl haina kuverenga chengetedzo yemapapu uye akanyatsopindira mutsara murefu.
Shanduro yechitatu inotora kuti yakakonzera rufu ndiko kukunda kunotevera kumakwikwi ekuridza kunyora - mudetembi, farai, akafa kubva pakurwara nemoyo.
Sofokla akavigwa nenzira, iyo yakatungamira kubva kuAtene kuenda kuguta reDhairesi. Paguva, quote yakanyorwa:
"Muguva iri, muMamongi dzvene, akaviga zvakasara zvekunetswa, izvo zvakatora kumusoro muhunyanzvi hwakajeka hwemagariro."Inoshamisa uye Theatre
Eschil aive muenzaniso weSofokla kuti ateedzere, asi akawanda materu ekutamba (eschyl makore 29 ekukura) akashandisa nzira dzechidiki dzekufambidzana mumabasa. Semuenzaniso, Sofokl akatanga kuwedzeredza padanho remutambi wechitatu, kuve akaderedza basa renyaya, ipapo kunze kwekutenderera kweschiy. ChiGiriki chakachinja nhamba ye choraids - kubva kune gumi nemashanu kusvika gumi nevaviri vanhu, uye zvakare kunze kwemunyori wekutamba kubva pakati pevatauri (kunyanya nekuda kwekushaya simba kwezwi ravo rega. Kutenda kune idzi ivhu, iyo Atene Theatre yakamutsidzirwa.
Basa rekunetsana mune nyaya yemakore rakapararira kupfuura miganhu yeAtene. Vatongi vekunze vaiwanzobvunza kuti Grek azvitire, asi kusiyana neEschila, uyo akafa muSisily, kana Euripiid, akashanyira Makedhonia, SOFOKL haina kubvuma kukokwa. Aifarira kunyora mazita, uye ivo, vakakurudzira Sofokla nekupururudza nemavhoti pamakwikwi emanyorero.
Yemakwikwi makumi matatu, Playwrigh akakunda pamitambo gumi nembiri mukuremekedza Mwari Dionysus uye pamazororo matanhatu eLena. Kukunda kwekutanga kwakakosha kwakaitika muna 469 BC. e. Sofokl apo, kuendesa tetrallogue kuvanhu vevanhu (kwete kupona), zvakapfuura eschil.
Maererano nekufungidzira kwaAristonepanhini, sophokerine, sophoporri akanyora 123, "zvavakanyora zvizere 123." Trachinian "," ANJakona "," Antigona "," Electra "," Electra "," Philokt "," mukoloni "," trackers ". Iko kunonyanya kukurumbira kutamba ndiro "King Edip" (429-426 BC), iyo Aristotle mu "nhetembo" inonzi iyo yakakodzera basa rinosiririsa.
Pakati pehurongwa hwerangana, iwe baba vake, namambo weLai, vanotya nekufungisisa kuti Mwanakomana achava muurayi wake uye anoroora mai vake kuIokundasta, akasarudza kubvisa mwana. Iye murume akapiwa kuuraya mukomana akaiswa pamusoro pechisikwa chisingadzivirirwe uye akapa kurera mufudzi. Ipapo Ediya akatora Tsar polyb.
Achinge akura, mwanakomana waLaya akaziva nezveuporofita uye akasiya imba yaBaba, asi yakawana ngoro munzira. Mukurwa, jaya rakauraya murume wekare uye nhatu satellite. Chembere yaive lai. Kupfuurirazve, kuva mambo weFIV, Oedipus akaroora iyo okasta, emwenga chechipiri chechiporofita.
Kurwara kunotyisa kwakawira pamusoro peguta. Kuedza kubata nezvikonzero zvevakabatwa, vagari venzvimbo, uye anoshuma kuti mushonga wacho uri mukutapwa kwamambo wamambo wamambo wamambo wamambo wamambo wamambo wamambo wamambo wamambo wamambo wamambo wamambo. Saka Ediro inovhura chakavanzika chinotyisa chezvakaipa zvakakwana. Kutadza kurarama neshungu, iyo okasta inopedzisa hupenyu hwekuzviuraya, uye gadziriro, uchifunga kuti vasina kukodzera kufa, vanozvideredza kupofumadza, vachipomera maziso ake.
Chidimbu "Tsar edip" yakavhura iyo inonzi Fvan Dvan Kutenderera. PaDionysia, kuunganidzwa uku kwakaitika nzvimbo yechipiri nekupa nzira kune basa rakanyorwa naiye mucheka weEschil - Philoklet. Zvakangodaro, Hondo yeBritish Richard Clavarhause Jebb yakataura nezvaAristotle, kucherechedza kuti kutamba "mune inyanzvi yehukama hweturu." Mushure mekuongorora basa racho, Sigmund Freud akavhura iyo "Oedipus yakaoma" - Kukwezva mwana wemwana kune mubereki wevakomana kana vakadzi.
Mukuenderera mberi kwenyaya yeiyo tsar yakapofumadzwa, sofokl yakanyora kutamba "Oedipal muColon" (406 BC), iyo yakamutswa mushure mekufa kwedetembi - muna 401 BC. Ns. Basa racho rinotaura kuti iyo yakajeka sei Oedip kubva kuFOv nemwanasikana weAntihogoy Wander akatenderedza Greece mukutsvaga imba nyowani. Ivo vanogamuchira nhau kuti vanakomana vemapofu, Paul uye Etekl vari kugadzirira kuenda kune mumwe nemumwe nehondo yechigaro cheushe cheFIV. Munguva yemusangano nemumwe wevanakomana, Oedip kutuka kunotuka kubva pamaoko emumwe neumwe. Basa racho rinopera nerufu rwemapofu.
Nhamo yekupedzisira yeiyo Fan kutenderera yaive "antigon" (442-441 BC. E) e). Chinetso chikuru chemutambo ndiko kusangana kwematunhu uye generic mitemo. Hama dzinorwisa antigogy dzinorwa uye kufa, maererano nekutukwa, kubva pamaoko eumwe neumwe. Mambo anotonga anorambidza kuviga muviri wefungidziro, uye unomusiya semutengesi, akaora muzuva.
AntiGone anouya achipesana nechido chaChangamire uye akabvarura hama yake zvichienderana nemitemo yechinyakare yemitemo yeiyo genus, iyo iyo mambo inooita kuti irambe iri musikana ari mumusha. Kutadza kuteerera, antigone anopedzisa hupenyu hwekuzviuraya, rinopa vamwe vakafa vaviri, mudiwa wake naamai vake, mwanakomana wamambo, zvichiteerana.
Iyo yakakosha pane zvidimbu zve sophaz ndeyekuti magamba anozivikanwa: Ivo vane kutya uye kushaya simba, vanogona kuedzwa uye zvivi. Saka, dambudziko re "Electra" rinotaura nezvemusikana nemunun'una wake, vanoregera kutsiva amai vake uye mudiwa wake nekuda kwekufa kwaBaba. Uye kana chiitiko cheOrse chichitaurwa neuporofita hwaApollo, maEkista anoita sekudanwa kwemoyo, akatungamirirwa nemanzwiro akadzika.
Mumabasa anoshamisa echiGiriki, kupindira kwaMwari kunova kwakakosha, uye munhu anosununguka. Uye zvakadaro, muchitendero, Sofokl kuona ruponeso, mudetembi anonzwisisa kuti vanhu havana magumo. Panguva imwecheteyo, vanhu vanofa, zvinoenderana nezvinoshungurudza, nekuda kwekuzvitutumadza kwake. Mu "Ajax" akadaro:
"Kuchenjera ndiko kuti hazvireve kutuka vamwari neshoko risingaperi, regai kutsamwa kwavo kurwadzirwe."Zvakakosha kucherechedza kuti Sofokl mutendi, uye mushure mekufa kwaakapiwa kufa.
Matambudziko enhamo echiGiriki akabuda kuti ave akakodzera sei nzanga yemazuva ano, iyo pamabasa eSofokla kusvika kuiyi mafirimu emazuva ano abviswa. Iye anonyanya kufarirwa ndiye "antigone" - anenge nhovo makumi maviri akabviswa pakutamba, kusanganisira Mutambo weAmerican we1990
Quotes
Izwi rimwe rinotisunungura kubva mukukwira kwese uye kurwadza kwehupenyu: Iri izwi rorudo. Ikokodzero iripo. Izvo zvinogara zvichikonzera kugumisa kuti kuguma kwakaita kuti hupenyu hwake huve hwapera.BHAIBHERI
- 450-435 BC - "Trachins"
- 450-440 BC Ns. - "Ajax" ("EAN", "Biechosets")
- 442-441 BC - "Antigona"
- 429-426 BC Ns. - "King Edip" ("Edip-Tirans")
- 415 BC - "Electra"
- 404 BC - "philoktt"
- 406 BC Ns. - "Oedip muColon"
- "PatFinder"