Biography
Alexander Borodin musayenzi anozivikanwa uye mutambi mukuru anenge azova chiitiko chakasiyana muRussia chokwadi chezana ramakore rechi 19. VaAdemician vakawanda vakawanikwa vari mumunda weiyo organic kemikistry, vaionekwa sainzi uye mushonga mukuru weMusiki weOpera "," bhogatyr "mabasa emimhanzi anozivikanwa nenyika yose.Hudu uye Vechidiki
Alexander porfiryevich Borodin, akaberekwa munaNovember 12, 1833, aive mwanakomana wemumiriri wemumiriri weRuka Muchinda weRuka weRuka eLuka Gedavishvili and the FROVERSI. Kubva paucheche kusvika pamakore masere, mukomana akaramba ari mambo wembeu yake, uye porfirari Borodin nemudzimai wake Tatiana akainzi vabereki vevabereki veSasha. Pamberi porufu, muchinda akapa Alexander naamai vake, vakapiwa chiremba wechiuto nezita reKleinek, vakaronga ramangwana ravo, vachipa imba ine simba.
Kusave nekodzero yekugamuchira dzidzo yemudzidzisi mumadziro eiyo Gymnasium, Borodin akadzidza kumba, ruzivo rwakawanikwa pane dzakawanda dzevanhu dzidziso. Mukomana akasangana naye mimhanzi uye airatidza tsika yekuumbwa. Shaha payakanga aine makore 9, akanyora kutamba kwemazuva ane madiki uye akatanga kunyatsoita flute, cello neyekuenda piyano, uye nemakore gumi nematatu akava munyori wekonamati yakazara neye Opera "Gacomo Meyer".
Iko kusakara neunyanzvi hakuna kungogumira mumhanzi - Mugadziri wechidiki akapendwa nechido uye kuita basa rinoshandiswa. Mukufanana, mukomana akafarira kemikari, sainzi, iyo yakabatsira kunzwisisa kuumbwa uye chimiro chezvinhu zvinonakidza. Kuedza kwekutanga Borodin kwakapedzwa kumba. Kuzvitarisa uye kunetseka nezvekuchengetedza kweimba, amai vakasarudza kuti mwanakomana aifanira kupedza kudzidza nejymnasium uye kuenda kunoenderera mberi.
Nerubatsiro rwechiteshi chechitendero, jaya racho rakatarwa mune zvekurapa uye vanovhiya uye vanovhiya, kwaanoshanda basa rachiremba, vakanyatsoita Chemistry pasi pekutanga kwe Nikolai Nikolayevich Zinin.
Mushonga uye chemistry
Pakupera kwekudzidziswa muna 1857, Borodin akashanda muchipatara chemauto. Kwapera gore, akadzivirira chimiro chake, akagamuchira dhigirii yekutarisira mumushonga uye akatora basa rekutsvagisa. Basa rekutanga resainzi rakakudza Alexander raive rondedzero yemhedzisiro yemvura yemaminerari pamuviri wemunhu, iyo yakava pachena muna 1859.
Mugore rimwe chetero, kanzuru yekanzuru yakatumira Borodin kunze kwenyika kurera migariro uye yakatora ruzivo rwekunze. Kwemakore maviri kuGermany, akaitisa masayendisiti akakomberedzwa, Edward Jung, Sergey Bothenev, Nikolai Zinin, Nikokwa Mendesov, Nikolai Mendeleev. vakatsanangurwa zvakajeka.
Munguva yebhizimusi rekunze, Borodin rakashanyira Italy, akasangana nevaporofesa emuno, isa mafungu emakemikari ane mishonga yeFluoride kuInternet yePita. Zhizha 1862 Muongorori wechidiki anoshandiswa zvakare kuGermany, ndokutamira kuguta reFrance renguva yechando.
Alexander akadzokera kumusha kwake mukutanga 1863. Akapfuura mushumo pabasa resainzi uye akatora chinzvimbo chemubatsiri purofesa wezvedzidzo, izvo zvakasanganiswa nekudzidzisa. Kwapera gore, Borodin akamutsa kumukuru wezvombo uye akarayirwa kuti atungamire murabhoritari yemakemikari, kwaakaramba achiona zvesainzi.
Muna 1868, pamwe chete nemudzidzisi wake, Nikolai Zinin, Alexander akaraya hwaro hweMakemikari Chemical Nzanga, uye akabva aparira kuenda kuDmitry Mendesev musangano rezvidzidzo zvekurapa kune vakadzi, aimbove dzidzo yekuyunivhesiti.
Muna 1877, Borodin akasvika padanho repamusoro revaenzi uye akagamuchira musoro weAcdemician, uye muna 1883 vanachiremba veRussia vakamusarudza nenhengo yerudzi rwekurumbidza. Munguva yebasa resainzi, chemist ine tarenda yakanyora inodarika makumi mana, ndeyokuwanikwa kweBenene Froride uye nzira yekuwana Hologen-yakatsiviwa kabhoni, iyo yakanzi Borodin-Hunsdiker's Reaction.
Mumhanzi
Pasinei nenyaya yekuti Borodin yakabhadhara nguva yakawanda basa resainzi, mimhanzi yakaramba ichive chikamu chakakosha che biography yake. Semudzidzi, Alexander porfiryevich yakanyorwa miniature inotamba piyano uye romantics, iyo inonyanya kufarirwa neiyo yaive "yechiArab yemuchero" uye "rwiyo rwerima rerima". Achienda kune imwe nyika, akaenda kumakanonga, achiziva nezvebasa revanyori veEurope yeFerikiya, Fredick Chopin, Richard Wagner, Robert Wagan nevamwe.
Mu St. Petersburg, masayendisiti wechidiki akasangana nemimhanzi yakakurumbira uye yeruzhinji nhamba mile Balakirev uye yakava nhengo ye "Bunch Kushamwaridzana, kunotungamirwa nemusoro, Vladimir Stasov, vakava mhuri yechipiri yeBorodin, vakapesvedzera kuravira kwemimhanzi uye kusatarisisa kwemunyori wetsika yeMikhail glinka.
Nyaya dzega dzeAlexander Alexander Porfiryevich Inono Manheru Manheru muMitrofan Belenava, uko kusika kweRussia kwakaunganidzwa. Misoro mikuru yemunyanzvi yeBorodina yaive rusununguko, kuda kwakaita kuti mamaland uye kurwadziswa kwenyika kwerudzi rweRussia. Borodin yakava imwe yeiyo heroic-epic toreva mumhanzi weRussia.
Chekutanga chigadzirwa chikuru chemunhu mutsva genre, akaurayiwa muna 1869 ne orchestra iri pasi pekutonga kweMia yeMia yeBalakirev, yakaunza munyori kukudzwa kweEurope uye mukurumbira. Muumbi wakanyorwa 16 Rwomanyeka, mitauro mitanhatu, piano inotamba, mimhanzi yemimhanzi, nhetembo yemumhanzi "muCentral Asia", pamwe neOpera "BOGATI" uye "Prince Igor".
Hukuru hwetarenda reTarenda reBorodin rakaratidzwa mune yechipiri "bogatyr" symphony, iyo inopinda simba revaEpirsia vanhu veRussia. Mubasa iri reEpic, vavariro dzekutamba dzaipindirana nenyaya dzechokwadi dzeLyrical uye, zvishoma nezvishoma kusimbisa, kushandurwa kuita ruzha rwevatambi vepombi.
Ne "bogatyr" smphony, iyo isina kupera "Prince Igor", iyo munyori akashanda kwemakore gumi nemasere. Akava nyuchi yegamba-epic maitiro mumimhanzi, anoshamisa chiyero chezviitiko mukuitwa kweiyo folen chorus uye iyo holistic mbodolimes. Zvinonakidza kuti izvi zvisikwa zvikuru zvakasikwa nemunyori wekufananidza, uye zvigadzirwa zvakagadzirirwa imwe nyaya dzimwe nguva dzakava chikamu chevamwe.
Hupenyu Hwako
Munguva yekugara kwake kunze kwenyika, Borodin ine hanya neVadiki Piol Catherine Protopopopa, inoitirwa kuGermany nzira yekurapa kubva pakurapa kubva kushoma asthma. Musikana uyo aive nekunzwa chaiko kwaiwanzo kuwanzo tanga mune kambani yesainzi, kuzivana nezvakanyorwa nevanyori veEurope. Vechidiki vakapedza nguva yakawanda pamwe chete, vakashanyira makomisheni muzvakaipa-biden, munguva pfupi vakadanana uye vakasarudza kuroora.
Muchato wakaitika muchirimo cha 1863. Couple akagadziriswa muSt. Petersburg, mune imba ine imba ine hushamwari pane yemumbozha.
Nekuda kwezvinetso zvisingaperi nemapapu, ekaterina sergeyevna haina kugona kugara muchamhembe capital kwenguva yakareba. Kuenda kwake kuMoscow muImba yaamai vakanwa hupenyu hwega. Zvizhinji zvezvikamu zveBiography yesainzi uye vazukuru vevanyori vakadzidza kubva kubaini kuti vakachinjana panguva yekuparadzaniswa panguva yekuparadzanisa. Vaviri vacho havana kuve nevana uye precast kusurukirwa kwekunetseka pamusoro pevadzidzi vakaendeswa kune hanya, iyo yainzi vanasikana vezvitendero.
Rufu
Pakupera kwehupenyu hwehupenyu, Borodin ainyorera kushanda kweruzhinji, aive nhengo yemasangano akasiyana-siyana, musoro wesangano remudzidzi uye neyaCommphony orchestra, yakatorwa mumatanho uye zvipfeko zvemukati, zvakakurumbira munharaunda yesainzi.
Muna 1880, shamwari uye mudzidzisi wemugadziri Nikolay Zinin akafa, uye mugore haana kuzova anofarira mushe musorgsky. Basa rinoshungurudza, kurasikirwa kwega uye kutarisira mukadzi anorwara akaisa mucherechedzo pachigadziko chemuviri uye chepfungwa cheBoroDin.
Kukadzi 27, 1887, pamhemberero yeCarnival yakafara, iyo nyorwa inonakidza munharaunda yeshamwari nevanoshanda navo, zvakanyanyisa kutamba uye kuseka. Pakati pevakomana, Alexander porfiryevich muhafu-izwi uye rakakoromoka pasi. Chikonzero chekufa kwesainzi huru uye kunyorwa kwaive kusihwa kwemoyo.
Borodin akavigwa muNecropolis vatenzi veArts Alexander Nevsky Lavra. Chiverengero chine mufananidzo wemufi, wakakomberedzwa nemanyorero mafomoni, akaiswa paguva.
Sezvo akarega kusiya nekurasikirwa, kushamwaridzana neshamwari dzeBorodi vakaita zvimwe zvezvisikwa zvake zvisina kufanira. Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov nevamwe vevamiriri vemimhanzi vazadza Muchinda weOpera, iyo yakaendeswa kuruzhinji muna 1890, Alexander Glazunov akaita orchestration yeiyo 3my symy sym symphony.
Shanda
- 1849 - "Panthetic Adagio (se-dur)"
- 1850s - "Teerera, vasikana, rwiyo rwangu"
- 1862 - "String Quintet (F-Moll)"
- 1866 - "Symphony Nha. 1 es-Dur"
- 1867 - "Kurara Princess"
- 1868-1872 - "Vocal Vocal Quartet Pasina Kuperekedza" Serenade yemakona mana emukadzi mumwe "
- 1868 - "Bogatyry"
- 1869-1887 - "Prince Igor"
- 1875 - "Symphony Nha. 2 H-Moll" Bogatyr "
- 1887 - "Symphony Nha. 3 A-Moll"
- 1880 - "Symhonic Mufananidzo" muCentral Asia "