Biography
Alfred Shnitke - Soviet uye Russian Commoser, Mudzidzisi uye Musicologist, iyo yekusikwa kwayo yakasiya mucherechedzo mukuru muhunyanzvi hombe muhunyanzvi hombe muhunyanzvi hombe muhunyanzvi hombe muhunyanzvi hombe. Zvisikwa zvake zvinosimudzirwa nevanoita zvazvino. Harred Harrievich anokwaniriswa muEurope, ave pakati pevashoma vanyori veSoviet avo mabasa akatsvakwa zvakafanana-mushure mekumusha kwavo uye kunze kwenyika. Tarenda, mwero wakasarudzika, hunhu hwakajeka hwakaita zvinyorwa zvine akasiyana shit.Hudu uye Vechidiki
Alfred Schnitke akaberekerwa muzvinyorwa munaNovember 24, 1934. Vabereki vake vaive maVoga veGomo vaGerman uye vaive nemidzi yechiJudha. Mhuri yababa vemukomana yaive Frankfurt Amai. Amai vakazvarwa mumusha weKamenka. Hama dzababa vaigara muguta guru, uye zvakazova ruponeso apo hondo yenyika yechipiri yakatanga.
Vana vatatu vakarererwa muSchnitka mhuri: Alfred vaive nemunun'una uye hanzvadzi. Pamwe chete ivo vakatopona munguva yehondo muMoscow kuna ambuya. Nemhaka yevabereki, vana vaiziva chiGerman, uye akange akauvanga. Russian yakazoitika kuti ive sekondari.
Kubva pamakore gumi nematatu, Shnitke aitoda mimhanzi. Pashure pokunge hondo baba vake vagamuchira musangano kuenda kuVienna, Alfred akatamira ikoko nemhuri yake. Iye murume akashanda semutevedzeri uye mushanduri we östreichische Zetung bepanhau. MuAustria kubva muna 1946, jaya rakagamuchira dzidzo yemimhanzi, uye kana makore maviri gare gare, mhuri yakadzokera kuSoviet Union, yakaenderera nemakirasi atove muMoscow. Vabereki vakashanda mupepanhau, uye Alfred akatanga kudzidza mimhanzi.
Muna 1958, akagamuchira diploma yeiyo mapoka eMoscow mukirasi yekuumbwa, uye akazodzidziswa kudzidziswa chikoro chetsoka. Kubva muna 1961, Shnitke akatanga kudzidzisa kuverenga kwecrok uye zvishandiso muzvimedu zveMoscow moscow, kunyangwe vadzidzi vake vaive nezvishoma.
Munguva imwe chete iyoyo, muimbi vakapinda mubatanidzwa wevanyori. Kuita mari pahupenyu, Alfred akatanga kunyora mimhanzi yeinema. Haana kusiya zviitiko zvepagegogical kusvika 1972. Iro vhoriyamu yemabasa yakagadzirwa mafirimu akatora gore rega rega.
Mumhanzi
Iyo huru yekufungidzira yemabasa ese nealfred schnit munhu uye kukosha kwayo. Zvakaitika zvine ruzivo negamba, zvekutsvaga kwako pachako, zvido uye manzwiro azova musoro wenyaya wekuumbwa kwemunyori wemunyori. Mumumhanzi wake, iyo symbiosis yekunetseka uye comic inoumbwa.
Maestro akabva ave Musiki wenzwi rekuti "polystyption", rinofungidzira kusanganiswa kweakasiyana aesthetics. Muna 1972, akanyora ballet yekutanga yechiBallet. Mugore rimwe chetero, mukuyeuka kweamai vake vaanofarira, mutambi akagadzira piyano quintet, iyo yakazoumbwa nenzira yakazununguka.
Shnitke aive pakati pevanyori vaishanda neyeyeyera nzira, iyo inobvumira vatambi kuwana nzvimbo yakakura yekuvandudza. Muenzaniso unoratidza mune ino kesi akagadzirwa muna 1974 "kutanga symphony". Kekutanga, akaitwa nemuchetesi Gennady Kisimusi. Mimhanzi yerudzi urwu yaionekwa seyakafungidzirwa, saka, kunyangwe ichivapo zvese, iyo Philharmonic yeMoscow naSt. Petersburg haana kusarudza kuzviisa pasi kune veruzhinji. Iyo yekutanga yakaitika muNizhny novgorodhi.
Kusimudzira kweShiitka hakuna kuve nemarara kana kuita zvibvumirano. Muna 1977, concerto grosso №1 yakanamatira kuMusiki wayo. Zita rake rave ruzhinji rwakakurumbira. Mutambi waunofarira wemunyori aive Johann sebastian bach. Kugadzira mabasa, Schnitka akafemerwa nemaitiro ekuita yeYuri Bashmet uye MSTISLAV Rostropopovich, Gennady Kisimusi, Anatoly Kremer.
Aifadzwa ne polystyption, akafemera rwiyo rwemweya rwevanhu. Ndotenda kune ino, der Sannengesang def Franz von Assisi akaoneka. Gare gare, veruzhinji vakanzwa kuti "yechipiri symphony", ichiteverwa neimwe 2. mune imwechete 1977, Schnittke akakokwa kuParis opera. Muzvisikwa neArtist David Borovsky uye Director Yuri Lyubimov Maestro akagadzira kugadzirwa kwe "Peak Lady" pabasa raPeter Ilyich Tchaikovsky. Pushkin Quotes uye yakagadziridzwa Libretto yakasanganiswa nekutarisa kutsva nekuverenga zvinyorwa.
Nekuda kwechinyorwa chinotapira cheAlgis Jurajtis, mutungamiriri weBolshoi Theatre, Lyubimova haana kusunungurwa kubva kuSoviet Union kuti abate zvachose kudzoserwa. Yekutanga yakabvaruka. Hutungamiri hweParis Opera ramba kuburitsa. Ini ndakakwanisa kuve nehunyanzvi hwekugadzira magadzirirwo evaiti muma1990 muKarlsruhe. Gare gare, muna1993, kugadzirwa kwakaitwa muBoston, uye muna 1997 chete akakwanisa kuona pachena paruzhinji.
Ma1980s akava nguva yekubudirira kwakapararira uye kuzivikanwa kweSchinet. Muna 1983, mwenje wakaona cantata "nyaya yaDr. Johann Faust". Muumbi aisatya kuve nepfungwa yakanga yainyara naJohanna Höta iye. Zvekunyorwa kwebasa vakatora anenge makore 11. Muna 1986, "Concert Noptha 1 for Cello neOrchestra" yakabuda, uye gore rechishanu "uye gore rechishanu" uye "Concerto Grosso Nha. 4". Munguva kubva muna 1984 kusvika muna 1987, Shnitke akanyora "mhoirs matatu akanyanya minamato", "concert yekongiri yakasanganiswa pamavhesi eNarcati", "Nhetembo dzakapfidza."
Iyo nhaka yakasara kune yeshit vazukuru, pane mabharita uye operas, anopfuura makumi maviri emakonzati, mishonga yemakonzati yeVilin, manhamba ekutenderera uye zviitwa, zvirongwa, zvevanzwi uye zvemanyorerwo. Kuumbwa "Ndege", "Waltz-Razdolone" Ruzha mufirimu "Fairy Tale". Basa re "vashandi" rakanyorwa kuti ribwe rezita rimwe chete. Mune iyo firimu "Petersley syndrome" yakashandiswa tango melody mune yekupenga imba.
Muumbi wakapihwa zita rekuti "kukudzwa hunyanzvi hwekushanda kweRsfsr" uye akapa mibairo yakawanda, pakati payo mamiriro emimhanzi yeKinokarami, yakaunzwa muna 1986.
Munyori wezvemazhinji emarudzi akaiswawo chiratidzo cheUnited States mubairo weUnited States, akaunzwa muna 1991, uye mubairo weJapan, hwaairatidzwa gare gare. Schnitke akashanda pachikumbiro cheAmsterdam uye Hamburg Operker, yaive nhengo yeSwetish Royal Music Academy.
Muna 1992th opera alfred Schnitka "Hupenyu neIdiot" rakaratidzwa kuruzhinji muAmsterdam. Mushure memakore matatu, "Jesuuualdo" uye "nhoroondo yaDr Johnna Falten" akasvika Vienna neHamburg.
Hupenyu Hwako
Iyo biography yemunyori anozivikanwa yaisazove yakakwana pasina kutaura nezve hupenyu hwega. Shnitke akaroora kaviri. Muchato wekutanga weMestro wakasanganiswa naGalina Koltsova. Mubatanidzwa wakavapo nguva pfupi uye yakapera kurambana.
Mukadzi wechipiri wechiimbi akazova mudzidzi wake Irina Kaaenda. Mwanakomana akaberekerwa mumhuri, ainzi Anrey. Shnitke aigara zvakanaka mumamiriro ekunze eRudo uye ane hanya uye akasungwa naye kusvikira mazuva ekupedzisira.
Rufu
1985 Yakavambwa yeAlfred Schnitka Fatul. Muumbi akaisa mitezo yakati wandei kamwechete. Hvega hunzungunuswa, uye kushaya simba kunogara kuremerwa murume. Pasinei neizvi, haana kupa maoko ake uye akaramba achishanda. Muna 1990, mhuri iyi yakatamira kuHamburg, uko Schnitke yakava mudzidzisi kuHamburg High School yeMimhanzi.
Mumwe sitiroko, overti mimhanzi, yakakonzera kufa kwake. Musi waAugust 3, 1998, Alfred Shnitke akafa. Akawana pekugara kwekupedzisira kuNovderevichy Cemetery muMoscow.
Kubvunzurudzwa kwakaramba kurangarirwa kwevateveri, umo mutambi anogovera nyaya kubva ku biography uye zvinonakidza chokwadi nezvavo, mufananidzo wake uye mimhanzi isingafi.
Shanda
- 1957 - "Symphony" zero "muzvikamu zvina"
- 1963 - "SONAA yeVilin uye Piano Nha. 1"
- 1965-1972 - "Suite mumamiriro ekare"
- 1966 - "String Quartet nhamba 1"
- 1971 - "Maze". Ballet mu 5 episodes.
- 1972 - "Vhoti yezvisikwa zvemavhoti gumi nevakadzi uye vibraophon"
- 1986 - "Parent". Ballet mu3 zviito neEpilogue.
- 1991 - "Hupenyu ne idiot." Opera muna 2 Mabasa.
- 1993 - "Concerto Grosso Kwete. 6 for Violin, piyano uye tambo orchestra muzvikamu zvitatu"