Biography
Yanka Kupala ndiyo nhetembo yenyika yeBelarus, ane nhetembo "yake uye mutyairi" akafuridzirwa Yuri Gagarin pane kukunda kweCosmos. Iye, sevanyori vakawanda venguva dzezvinowanikwa, kukuvara kubva pachiremera, kanopfuura kamwechete kwakazova padanho rerufu. Rufu rusununguko rwekuenda kuApla richiri chikonzero chekuongorora vanyori venhoroondo uye kushoropodzwa kwekunyora.Hudu uye Vechidiki
Yanka Kupala (ICE Zita - Ivan Dominicovic LutSevich LutSevich), Vabereki, vateveri veChechi yeRoma Katurike, vanonzi Mwanakomana wekuremekedza muporofita wechiKristu Johane Mubhapatidzi.
Kutaurwa kwekutanga kweLutschi mazuva kumashure kweiyo Xvii Century: Ipapo sekuru vedetembi yakadzoserwa kubva kune yakapfuma kubva kuLithuanian mhando yeRadzivlov Pasi RadzVilov Earth. Zvaive zvakafanira kubhadhara kutonga kwake pane anokudzwa, uyo, kunyangwe aive wekirasi yakarongeka, yaive muchiratidzo choga. Akapa mari yakakura yemukana wekutungamira hupfumi.
Ivan akabatsira baba vake pakubata, asi manejimendi ehupfumi haana kudzivirira nhetembo yemangwana muna 1898 kuti vapedza kudzidza kubva kuchikoro cheBelarusia.
Dominic uye Benioga akaunza vana 8: hama dzaIvan - Anton naMannimir, hanzvadzi shanu - Sabina, Maria, Lokadi, zita reLokadi, zita reLokadi, zita reLokadi Mukutanga kwa1902, mhuri yakaramba isina mutendi, uye mwedzi mitanhatu gare gare, hanzvadzi dzese Ivan nemukoma vakarwara. Casemere, Sabina neGelena vakafa.
Basa romurume mukuru mumhuri rakabvumidzwa Lucevich kuti vadzivise mauto. Muzvinyorwa zvekukwikwidza zve1903 kune Ivan kadhi, maererano nezvaainamata mumusasa wechipiri weBorisovsky County yeiyo lea-Solboda Parishi. Iye akatongerwa kupinda muhondo muna 1916, kune yekuvaka mugwagwa squad.
Iyo nhetembo dzepfungwa hadzigone kunzi nyore. Kunyangwe muhuduku hwake, Ivan aifanira kuve nemhosva kumhuri yese. Akashanda pane chirimwa chakasarudzika, chakachenesa migwagwa, akagovera mapepa - akaendeswa kune chero basa rehanzvadzi dzevanin'ina uye amai.
Muna 1904, muzukuru weIvan Vasily (Yanka) Angochino akagutsikana Benji kuti mwanakomana wavo anofanirwa kurarama hupenyu hwake. Iye murume akavimbisa kutarisira mhuri yeLutsevan. Akachengeta Shoko - akaroora Mary, Sista Ivan, ndokuva muridzi wazara imba. Ivan akatamira kuMinsk, uko kwaanoshandisa basa rake rakavharwa muruvara ruzere.
Mabhuku uye neveruzhinji
Ivan akatanga basa rake muPoland - mitsetse yekutanga yakaonekwa mumagazini "zviyo" muna 1903 pasi pe pseudominomin k,. Musi waJuly 15, 1904, nhetembo yenhetembo yakabudiswa mumutauro weBelarussian "Mugove wangu", uye nebhuku reNorth-West Eddepu, iwo "murume" (1905) akatanga kukwira mudetembi.
Panguva imwecheteyo, mapepanhau ekutanga emutemo mumutauro weBelarussian anowanikwa muVilnius - "Mugove wedu" uye "yedu NIVA". Muchinyorwa chechipiri muna 1907, nhetembo "Kospla" yakabudiswa, iyo yakacherekedza goho reIvan, rinozivikanwa seYANKA Kupala, kune Chisimbiso chenyika.
Iyo pseudonominm yanka Kupala inoumbwa kubva kuBelarusian vhezheni yezita Ivan uye zita rehoridhe. Maererano nezviratidzo, kana ruva raFranki, iye murume ikamuwana akamuwana anowana hupfumi hwepamweya nepfungwa pausiku hweIvan Kupala. Lutsevic aida kuve evaverengi neruva rinofadza.
Muna 1908, nhetembo dzemunyori wechidiki Bharusiya vakabatanidzwa mukuunganidzwa kweDebut re "Dudochka". Bhuku racho rakaunza Matambudziko Okutanga Nevakuru: Petersburg Dare rePetersBedheni pabasa rezvemukati mazivisa nyaya dzemukati vakazivisa bhuku renyaya yeAnti-State, inotorwa kutenderera, uye munyori akasungwa. Nenguva isipi mudetembi akasununguka uye akabva asiya hofisi yepepanhau "wedu, kuti arege kuona kukudzwa kwehutungamiri.
Petersburg yakaunzwa neBelarusian inobatsira kufambidzana nenhetembo Yakuub Kolas uye Valery Brs.susov. Bryusov ndiyo yekutanga nhetembo iyo yakashandurira nhetembo dzejekeri muRussia. Muna 1910, yanka yakaburitsika yechipiri muunganidzwa wenhetembo "Husar", uye akabva anyatsoita zvekunyora. Kupala yakamira pamavambo ezvisikwa zveBelarussian theatre. Nhetembo "rwiyo rwekusingaperi" uye mutambo wekurara muKurgan ", rakanyorwa mugore rimwe chetero, richiri kuTo" Goridhe Fund "rehunyanzvi hunoshamisa reBelarus.
Pearl chaiyo inoonekwa seyakavhenganiswa "pavlinka" (1912) nezve musikana anosarudza chikomba zvinopesana nezvinorambidzwa nevabereki. Basa guru rakaitwa neyekutanga museum Yankee Peacock Madylka. Muna 1913, mudetembi akanyora mutambo wechiitiko "wakaraswa dendere" nezvemhuri, iyo inorasikirwa nhumbi - imba nenyika. Yanka Kupala yakati:
"Ndakaisa mari yakanakisa mune izvi kutamba, yaive muhuturu yangu uye prose."Mugore rimwe chetatu muunganidzwa wechitatu wenhetembo e "Anodiwa Upenyu" akabuda. Iko kushomeka kwekuita zvisina kunaka kwekusikwa kunobvumidzwa Yanke kuti udzokere kubasa redu, muna Kubvumbi 1914 aitora post yemupepeti mukuru.
Kugadzwa kweSoviet Union kwakachinja vector yetheetry knaps. Muenzaniso wakajeka ndiwo waive tarisiro "yemuno" (1922). Anotaura nezvemurume anoedza pamwe neese masimba avo kuti ajaire nekukurumidza kuchinja mararamiro, asi kunozochinja. Maererano nezviremera, basa raive nemumvuri usina kunaka, uye muna 1927, kutamba kwakarambidzwa.
Dingindira rekuchinjika raivapo mumhirizhonga yese yemunyori, kusvika kuhondo huru yeNyika. Nekuda kweizvi, hukama pakati peYankee, zviremera uye zvekutakura zvakadzvanywa. Muna 1930, kurwa kwakasvika pagegee. Iye murume akapomerwa mhosva yerudzi, anonzi mubatanidzwa nesangano rekusunungurwa kwenyika yeBelarus. Kugara uchikuvara uye kubvunzurudza kwakasundidzira mudetembi kuti azviuraya.
Mucherechedzo yekuzviuraya, yakanangana nemusoro wehurumende yeBSSR, Alexander Cyaakov, Yanka Kupala yakanyora:
"Zvakare, zvakare, ndinoparidza kuti ndakanga ndisiri kuzove mune chero sangano rekunakidzwa uye handizove. Inogona kuoneka, chikamu chakadaro chenhetembo. Hang godine akarembedzwa, Mayakovsky akazvipfura, uye ndine nzira yavo. "Kuedza kwekuzviuraya, kwakaitwa munaNovember 22, 1930 hazvina kushorwa nebudiriro. Belorus akamanikidzwa kuburitsa tsamba yakavhurika madekoko aakareurura kuzvitadzo zvakanangana naye uye akavimbisa kusadzokorora zvikanganiso.
Mushure mekukumbira ruregerero, zviremera zvakazosiya yanke yeguta pazororo. Zvakare, muna 1939, mudetembi akazvipira kurongeka kwaLenin, uye muna 1941, mubairo weHurumende weUSSR i degree mumunda wemabhuku, anonzi Stalinist Premium yakaunzwa. Unganidzo "kubva pamwoyo" (1940) yaive chikonzero cheMubairo.
Mumakore ehondo, mudetembi akazozivikanwa nenhetembo "Belarusia Partini". Basa rakaradzika mumhanzi rakazova rwiyo rwezvakadzika, uye mitsara yekutanga - "Partisans, vePartisans, vanakomana veBearususanian!" - akashanda seinjini yekufona "Soviet Belarus".
Pamusoro pekunyora, YANKA Kupala wakaita shanduro. Kutenda naye, zvigadzirwa 92 zvevanyori makumi masere neshanu vakanzwika mumutauro weBelarussia, kusanganisira Shoko pamusoro pegorodi yeGori, "The Copper Rider" Alexander Pushkin.
Hupenyu Hwako
Chipo chakakosha kune hupenyu hwega uye kugona kweYankee kupla yakaunza yake yekutanga museum - iyo belarussian mutambi viketievna madylka. Kutenda kwaari, nhetembo "Bondirovna" uye "iye neni", nhetembo "Alesya", iye ", ini ndichave nerudo rwekuda korona nerudo ..." Uye vamwe.
Vechidiki vakasangana muna 1909. Tarenda rePeacock rinonzwira tsitsi mudetembi, saka akasimbirira kuti basa guru mumutambo "Pavlinka" rakapihwa kwaari. Uye mutambi aifarira Yankees pijon maitiro: Pane mafoto mashoma uye mifananidzo yetemberi inogona kuonekwa kuti akapfeka tsono, akamonera mashanga uye akashandisa nzimbe.
Pakanga pasina rukure pakati pevanhu vaviri vekugadzira, vakafemerwa nemumwe. Zvakangodaro, kuenzaniswa kweJonons naVladislav Franznaya Stankevich muna Ndira 1916 kwakava kushamisika kusingafadzi kwePeacock. Muchato wakaunzwa muMoscow mugungwa Petro naPauro.
Yanka naVladislav vaigara pamwe chete kwemakore makumi maviri nemaviri, vaive vasina vana, kunyangwe ivo vaida kutora musikana uyu.
Makore gumi nemasere mushure mekufa kwemurume wake, mukadzi aigara nekuyeuka kusingaperi kwemudiwa wake. Musi waMay 25, 1944, Stankevich akavhura State Staterary Museum Yankee Kupala, idzo mabasa izvozvi.
Rufu
Kufa kamwe kamwe kwetemberi yenyika yeBelarus kwakapfuma mune zvinonakidza chokwadi, kubva pamamiriro ezvinhu ezvinoitika uye kupedza nechikonzero cherufu. Musi waJune 18, 1942, Yanke Kupala wakatumidza kudaro kuMoscow. Mu rwendo, akasangana neshamwari, akadana zuva rokuzvarwa rine makore makumi matanhatu, akabata makeke.Pana June 28, maererano neZvapupu zvevanhu venguva, mudetembi akange asiya musangano wekusika, uyo akaitirwa kuhotera yeMoscow, aine mazwi anoti: "Ndiri kweminiti." Mushure menguva yakati, pakanga paine ruine ruzha rwegambo, uye vashanyi vakabuda mukamuri. Vakawana kuti Yanka Kupala akawira muzvipfeko kubva pamatanho kubva gumi kubva pagumi uye akapwanya rufu. Pa wachi yaive 22:33.
Pane shanduro nhatu dzekufa kwenhetembi: mukana, kuzviuraya uye kuponda. Vanyori venhoroondo vazhinji vanobata vekupedzisira. PaNzira yedambudziko, mudetembi aive mune zvakanaka, kuunganidza kwake nhetembo "Belarussian Partisian" (1942) akabudirira. Mukuwedzera, shangu yemurume yakaramba iripo pamasitepisi, yaaigona kurasikirwa nayo mukurwa. Akaona Zvapupu zverufu rwehetembo uye mukadzi anomhanya.
Yanka puppy yekurapa, zvinosara zvakatsva pane vagankovsky cemetery. Kubva 1962, guva rake rave muMinsk pamakuva emauto.
Mukuremekedza nhetembo yenyika, mayunivhesiti, migwagwa, materu, metro zviteshi nemaraibhurari zvinonzi. Muna 1945, aive akapiwa menduru "yekudzivirira kweMoscow."
BHAIBHERI
Kuunganidzwa kwenhetembo:
- 1908 - "Dudochka" ("Munyengetero")
- 1910 - "Husari"
- 1913 - "Hupenyu Hunodiwa"
- 1922 - "Nhaka"
- 1925 - "Asina zita"
- 1930 - "Kuyerera"
- 1936 - "Rwiyo rwekuvaka"
- 1937 - "Belarusian Belarus"
- 1940 - "Kubva Pamwoyo"
- 1942 - "Belarusia Partini"
Nhetembo uye mitambo:
- 1908 - "Zvei?"
- 1910 - "Kurara mu Kurangan"
- 1912 - "Pavlinka"
- 1913 - "Rasky Nest"
- 1913 - "Iye neni"
- 1922 - "Munharaunda"