Biography
"KJK-Gorboon" ndeimwe yeanonyanya kufarirwa muRussia uye mune imwe nyika-soviet ndima yemabasa evana vezera rekutanga rechikoro. Vanasekuru vedu nasekuru nasekuru vakaverenga iyi nhetembo dzemitemo, akabvisirwa muchirongwa chechikoro ndokuchinja mariri. Peter Ershv's Fate, "baba" vebhiza-humpback, havasi kuoma kupfuura nhoroondo yechisikwa uye zvinyorwa zvemabhuku emuchadenga.Hudu uye Vechidiki
Peter Pavlovich Ershov akaberekwa munaFebruary 22, 1815 mumusha weBezrukovo Tobrokolsk Province (ikozvino iyo nzvimbo yedunhu reTyumen). Amai vemudetembi yemangwana, veMutemy vasiledevna, vakabva kumhuri yevatengesi. Baba Pavel Alekseevich akabata iyo post yeFixer.
Muhudiki, Peter aive asina kusimba, uye Erhov akatya zvakanyanya hupenyu hwake. Kubva perusununguko, ivo vakatofunga rite rinotaura nyaya "yekutengesa" yemwana: mwana anorwadza "akapa" peni. Mwana, chokwadika, vakasara pamwe nevabereki vake, nemurombo, sekutenda kwakatendwa, kwakatora chirwere naye.
Nekuda kwerudzi rwebasa raBaba, mhuri yaiwanzotama, uye yemakore masere ekutanga mudetembi yakagara muOmsk uye petropavlovsk. Ipapo, muna 1924, baba vake vakatumira Petro nemunun'una wake Nicholas kuenda kuTobolsk, zvekuti vanakomana vakadzidziswa mumitambo yekumhanyisa. Naizvozvo, kwenguva yakareba, vakomana vaifanira kugara muBares kubva kuvabereki vavo, mumhuri yaSekuru, Mutengesi weNikolai Stepanovich Pilenkov Pilenkov. Iye, mupfumi naPfuma, aive anenge azukurukuti ane moyo munyoro kwazvo.
Mumwe munhu aipinda muhupenyu hwaPetro ndiye aive mutungamiriri weGyvy Ivan Mendeleev, baba vemamishi makuru anodzora mendeleev. NaAri, Erhov akazova shamwari uye akatopa mukunzwa kwake kuti amuroore.
Pashure pokunge vapedza kudzidza, hama Ershov vakaenderera mberi nezvidzidzo zvavo kuYunivhesiti yeUperial St. Petersburg, sezvo Baba vakatumirwa kunoshanda muguta guru. Pashure pazvo, Peter akagamuchira dzidzo yepamusoro mumakore makumi maviri chete, kunyangwe aive asina kusimba: Mushure mekusunungurwa, iye aisamboziva mumwe mutauro wekunze, kunyangwe akadzidza pane zvakaitika kare uye philological.
Zvisikwa
"KJK-Gorboon," uyo akauya naPeter mukurumbira akanyorwa nedepembuna mudiki mukati memakore ekudzidzira. Pakutanga, muStersburg, zvakange zvakaomera jaya: muguta guru, iyo Choora Busheva, vanhu vanovakwazve. Zvese izvi zvakaburitsa kufungidzira kushungurudza paYershok.
Ipapo akange afira pfungwa yenhoroondo, iyo huru yemunhu ichave iri yakatendeseka uye yakanaka murombo. Chikamu chePeturu che "Konk-gorbok" chakawanikwa, kuvonga kuna Peter Alexandrovich pletnev, rector neyunivhesiti uye purofesa weRussia zvinyorwa zveRussia. Akaratidza mudzidzi kuYershok's Fairy Tale Alexander Sergeevich plaskin, uye munyori wechinono pakupedzisira akafunga nezvekunaka kwekuratidzira uye nhaurwa yemitauro.
Kana "KONK-Gorbok 'paakapera, Petro akapa nhetembo kuna Alexander puskin uye vakasvika veZukovsky, uyo waakasvika pedyo naye kudzidza. Iyo ngarava yaikonzera kutenderwa kwake kwakarwadza, uye pushkin akataura kuti mushure me skate-gorboon, haana kukwanisa kuzvifunganya nezvechimiro chejasi uye kusiya nzira iyi yezvinotsauka.
Mushure menguva pfupi, ndima kubva kuFairy Tale, Yershovo yakaverengerwa kubva kuDhipatimendi reUniverso pachezvake, saka chimwe chidimbu che "skate ..." rakabudiswa mumugove wemwedzi, raibhurari yekuverenga "kwezana 1839. Kubudirira kwakatungamira kuchokwadi chekuti muna Gumiguru 1834 iyo Fairy Tale yakaburitswa zvakakwana. Bhuku reDhibheru raPeter Yersisheva rakatengeswa nemutengo we5 rubles pane kopi.
Mwedzi wakatevera, Peter akachengetedza kubudirira - mukudhindwa kwe "chikamu chekutanga che" chembere yake "chakapihwa, iyo mhanza" yeSibsian Cossack ", uyezve wechipiri. Iri basa rakabudirira zvakare: Muna 1840, iyo "kunaka" yakava rwiyo rwesistimu yeiyo 2nd sossackag. Havana kukanganwa "Siberia Cossack" uye gare gare - mukugadzira mimhanzi, vaimbi vazhinji uye vaimbi vakaitwa nenhoroondo yebhacad, kusanganisira naNadezhda Babkin.
Kubudirira "Skate-Gorbunk" yakavhura musuwo kune wechidiki munyori kuenda kune yekugadzira nzanga yeSt. Peter akatanga kuenda kumisangano yevanyori, kujairana nevamwe vaanoshanda navo mumusangano uye akafunga kuti basa rake raizove basa.
Nekudaro, nechisimba uye, pamwe, mwana anopedzerwa mudunhu, ERSHOV akatadza kuongorora hukama hwehukama hwemabhuku nemamiriro ezvematongerwo enyika ari mudunhu. Nekuda kweizvozvo, hurumende yakaona kusaremekedza simba kune simba roumambo mu "Skate-Gorbunke", uye bhuku racho rakazoita kuti riratidzirwe kuburitswa. Naizvozvo, kunyangwe mukurumbira wenyaya dzekutyaira, ranyorwazve "Skate ..." muna 1856 chete, mushure mekushandura kwamambo.
Chinyorwa chinonakidza: Pashure pokunge OpaLala, Peter Pavlovich muna 1857 akashandisirwa mune rondedzero yevanhu vakafanirwa nehurumende kuvimba nehurumende. Uyezve, munyori semhando, akangwara uye akatendeseka munhu anoratidzwa mazviri. Vatsoropodzi vakaita kuti vateerani vane mbiri: Akarumbidzwa, ndokutuka. Pakati pevanhu avo "Konk-gorbok" vakafa kuti vasavaravira, vaitsvaga Vission Belinsky, akakunda basa romunyori muchinyorwa chake.
Mune ramangwana, munda wekunyora, Ershov akaedza mumhando dzakasiyana siyana: Akanyora nhetembo dzezvishoma uye rakakura mafomu uye makuru, akanyorwa prose uye anoshanda zvinoshamisa. Nekudaro, kubudirira kwe "skate ..." Haugone kudzokorora hapana kana basa rake rakatevera. Nhetembo dzenhetembo dzaive dzechipiri uye nechimiro chakakwana hadzina kukonzera vaverengi vakapamba nhetembo dzegoridhe, vasingafarire mukati mavo.
Mudetembi akaedza kudzokera ku "vanhu geni" uye vakatora runyorwa rwePoem Ivan-Tsarevich. Asi zvakafanira kuti basa risina kufarirwa neBrits rakanga risina kufanana, akaparadza manyoro. Zvakare, Peter akaedza kunyora libretto kune opera ine nyaya yakanaka "inotyisa". Basa racho rakanyatsobudirira, asi muchiedza charo harina kuzvizivisa - iyo ye opera Mikhail Glinka "hupenyu hwaMambo" akaita kuti basa rive risingabvumirwe.
Hupenyu Hwako
Biography yePetro Pavlovich, kunze kwekusikwa, yakanga isiri zvakare nyore. Pakati pe1830s, jaya raifanira kubva kuguta: Akatanga kufa munun'una wake, saka - baba, uye mumwe munhu aifanira kutora amai vekutarisira. Ershovov akadzokera kuTobolsk, kwaakagamuchira positi yeMudzidzisi Tobolsk Gymnasium. Pakutanga, Peter akaronga kuve mudzidzisi we verbost, asi iyi post haina kuwanikwa. Naizvozvo, ini ndaifanira kudzidzisa vayekurovedza zvechiLatin, izvo Petro pachake haana kufarira zvachose.
Mushure mekufa kwaamai, murume akafunga chaizvo kuti adzokere kuSt. Pasesburg, asi mamiriro ezvinhu epamoyo apindira: Petro akadanana. Chirikadzi yakazova chirikadzi yeSerafim Lemhachev, akange atove nevana vana. Imba yakatanga makore mashanu, ipapo mukadzi akafa mukuzvara mwana. Ershiv akaroora iyo KZmin's maOlympics, asi muchato uyu wakapera muna 1853 nekuda kwekufa kwemumwe mukadzi.
Ovdov kakawanda, Peter Pavlovich haana kuramba akatadza kuwana mufaro muhupenyu hwake, uye pakupedzisira iye akakwanisa. Nemukadzi wechitatu, Elena Cherkasy Munyori akararama kusvika kumagumo ehupenyu hwake. Pakazara, vana 15 vakaberekerwa mumichato, vana gumi nevaviri vakaberekerwa, asi vasati vawanda vavairarama ina chete.
Basa raPeter parlovich semudzidzisi, kunyangwe asingafarire yechiLatin, akabudirira. Mushure memakore masere ebasa, akazova muongorori weThebolsk Gymnasium, uye mushure memakore makumi maviri nemasere akashanda pamberi peiyo direki.
Service yeErshovi yakabhadhara nguva yakawanda uye kutarisirwa: isina kungogumira kumitambo yekurovedza muviri, Peter pavlovich zvikoro zvakati, kusanganisira masangano evakadzi vezvekudzidzisa kakawanda kwenguva idzodzo. Akanyora zvekare zvirevo pane dingindira re pedegegue, akatanga kurongeka kweimba yekutandarira mumitambo yekurovedza muviri, kune avo marasha.
Rufu
Iyo chaiyo yakakonzera rufu rwaPeter parlovich rufu rusingazivikanwe. Vazukuru pamberi pevazukuru, chete ruzivo rwacho rwakasvikwa kuti makore ekupedzisira ehupenyu murume airwara nemvura-chirwere, umo huwandu hwakawanda hwemvura hunounganidza mudumbu. Pasinei nezviratidzo zvinorwadza, Ershok anga akaramba ari murume anoshanda uye ane simba.
Peter Pavlovich Ershov akafa muna Nyamavhuvhu 18, 1869 muTobolsk. Guva renhetembo riri panzvimbo yemuno kufona kwemakuva. Paguva pane rakanyorwa, rinotaura kuti pasi pazvo ndiye munyori weiyo Fairy tale "Konk-gorbok".
Pashure porufu, kuzivikanwa kwekusikwa kwaErshovov kwakazove kwakakwirira kupfuura muhupenyu. Mukukudza iye, migwagwa iri muTobolsk naIsima vanonzi, uye musha wekwawakaberekerwa zita rekuti Bhizurovo muna 1960. Peter Pavlovich Sisa 2 Zvivakwa uye Kuputika. Mukuwedzera, zvinokwanisika kuwana pfungwa yekuonekwa kwemunyori nekuda kwemiroto akati wandei anokweverwa muhupenyu.
BHAIBHERI
- 1834 - "Konk-Gorbok"
- 1834 - "Siberia Cossack"