Biography
Iyo Biography yeAvgenia Ivanovich Zamyatina yakagutswa uye izere nezvinhu zvinonakidza. Kunyangwe hazvo nyika "yakadii kutyora" munyori, mweya wake waisagona kuputswa, mudetembi akaramba achiita bhizinesi rake remudiwa uye Jaros akadzivirira chinzvimbo chake.
Evgeny Zamyatin akaberekwa musi waNdira 20 (Kukadzi 1) ya 1884 in the tambov Province, muguta reLebedyan. Baba vakashanda semupristi uye vakadzidzisa shoko raMwari, uye amai vake vaive pianist. Pamakore mana okukura, mukomana aive atove kuverenga Gogol uye zvakakomba mabhuku pachinzvimbo chekuongorora.
Muna 1893, vabereki vakatumira mwana kuLebhedhi Gymnasium, uko nhetembo yakaitwa munguva yekupedzisira kusvika 1896. Ipapo mhuri iyi yakatamira Voronezh, uye jaya rakapedza kudzidza kubva kuVoronezh Gymnasium neGoridhe Mendana muna 1902. Panguva dzechikoro, Zamyatin akareruka zvakakwana nesainzi yevanhu, asi haina kupihwa masvomhu.
Muna 1902, murume wechidiki akapinda muPolyTechnic Institute of St. Petersburg, panzvimbo yedare rekurarama, uko dzidziso dzemasvomhu dzakadzidziswa pakutanga. Muna 1905, Evgeny ivanovich akauya muchikamu cheBolshevics RSDLP uye pamwe chete nevadzidzi vakatora chikamu muupenyu hwekuchinja. Kune izvi, munyori wenyu munyori akasungwa, asi munguva pfupi ngaatendere kuonga nekuedza kwaamai.
Muzhizha ra1905, Zamyatin akadzoka kubva kuIjipita uye akapupurira kusimuka kwehondo "potemkin". Nekuti ichi, mukomana akasungwa zvakare ndokutumirwa kuna Lebhedhi. Gare gare aigona kudzokera zvisiri pamutemo kuna Petersburg uye akapedza kudzidza kuyunivhesiti muna 1908. Yevhu yechidiki yagamuchira kuumbwa kweinjiniya yemarine. Kwemakore maviri anotevera, akashanda semudzidzisi pachinzvimbo chekufambisa.
Mabhuku
Zamyatin akatanga kubatanidzwa mukunyora anoshanda muna 1908, uyezve nyaya yake yekutanga yakaburitswa, rakabudiswa mumagazini "dzidzo". Mukufanana, akashanda pane imwe nyaya - "Musikana". Muna 1911, zviremera zvakawana mudetembi uye kuti ararame zvisiri pamutemo akamutumira kuLaktta. Ikoko akanyora nyaya yekutanga "County", umo matambudziko epasi rose dunhu rake aonekera. Vatsoropodzi uye vanyori vakaona basa reJam uye vakazvikoshesa.
Munguva yehondo yenyika yekutanga, muna 1914, mudetembi akaomesa nyaya "paKulichki", mauri mune mavara akapenya akataura pamusoro pekutyisa kwemauto kuFar. Kune izvi, zviremera zvichikwevera kudare uye kureva Kem. Mushure memakore maviri, iyo jamming inosunungurwa uye inotumirwa parwendo rwebhizinesi kuenda kuEngland. Ikoko anoshanda nedhigirii mumugadziri mukuru weRussia echando echando uye anotungamira kuvaka. Mukufanana, vakanyora bhuku racho "Vachitsuwa".
Evgeny Zamyatin akadzokera kuRussia munaSeptember 1917 uye mushure memakore mana akagadzira sangano revanyori vechidiki ve "kurira hama". Pashure peiyo October Revolution, nyaya "paKulichki" yakadhindwa, iyo pakutanga kwehondo yakarambidzwa.
Muna 1920, mudetembi akanyora bhuku "Isu" Isu ". Basa racho harina kuenderana nekudengenyeka kweSoviet, uye haana kuburitswa. Pasina mvumo yemunyori, bhuku rakabudiswa muAmerica muChirungu, Czech neFrench. ROMAN-antiutopdia inotaura nezve kuoma kwehuwandu hwevanhu vega. Kunze, basa raZamytina rakanyanya kufarira, uye muUSSR zvakashoropodzwa.
Zviremera zveSoviet zvemunyori vakashoropodzwa uye vane chepfu, uye muna 1929, Evengey Ivanovich tsamba kuna Stalin, maakakumbira mvumo yekubva munyika. Mushure mekubvumirana muna 1932, nhetembo inofamba kuenda kuParis, kwainova munyori wemapepanhau eFrance. Misoro mikuru yaive iyo mamiriro ezvino prose prose uye hunyanzvi hweAVant-Garde. Pasinei mukurumbira muFrance, mabasa ake akange asina kuburitswa muSoviet Union.
Muna 1934, mudetembi akagamuchira zvakare vanyori veUSSR. Vatori vechikamu vomubatanidzwa vakasimudzira communism uye kurwira rugare uye hushamwari hwevanhu. Muna 1935, Zamyatin akatora chikamu mune anti-fascist congress yevanyori uye aive nhengo yeSoviet nhume.
MuBhaibheri remanyorerwo eSoviet pakanga paine nyaya makumi maviri neshanu, "bako" rakarangarirwa kunyanya kune veruzhinji, rakanyorwa muna 1920. Basa racho rakagadzirwa muchimiro chejamine uye vanotaura nezve mamiriro anotyisa ezera remabwe. Evgeny ivanovich akafuridzirwa nemamiriro ezvinhu akajairika uye akanyora nyaya pamusoro pavo.
Imwe nyaya yakakosha yekunyepedzera yaive "dhiragoni", iyo yakanyorwa muna 1918. Akava mukurumbira wehuwandu hwefananidzo, uye muverengi haanyatsonzwisisa zvinoreva. Zvinoita sekunge nyaya yakagadzirirwa vana, asi mushure mekuverenga kakawanda, muverengi anovhura chirevo chakawanda. Basa racho rinorondedzera nguva yakasimba ya1918, pakatanga hondo yevagari vemo muRussia.
Kwemakore gumi, kubva 1928 kusvika 1937, Evgeny Zamyatin akashanda munhoroondo yerondedzero "VaSitiya", asi hazvina kumbopedzwa. Novel yekupedzisira "BEASE BORAl" yakava basa rakakura remunyori. Inotaura nezvenguva yekuvira kwezuva reHurumende yeRoma, uye mutungamiri weHunovutungamiriri weHunov weGunnov.
Kuve muParis, Zamyatin akaona kuti iyo cinema inokudziridza, uye akaiyedza semuchenjeri. Saka pamwe chete neJacques, nhetembo yakanyora script yefirimu "pazasi". Muna May 1935, Evenge Ivanovich akatendeukira kuStudio "Metro-Goloden-Mayer" akagadzirira, "" rudo rwepakate "," MaAmerican vaisabvuma kushandira pamwe nemunyori, uye akaedza kutanga basa mune mamwe makambani efirimu.
Hupenyu Hwako
Hupenyu hwomunhu oga hwetemberi yeRussia hunonzwisisika.
Kuva mudzidzi, Zamyatin akasangana nemukadzi wake wechikuru Lyudmila Nikolaevna Uv. Vaviri vakaroora vangangodaro havana kuona nekuda kwezvibodzwa zvisingaperi uye kufamba-famba, uye vaive vasina vana.
Rufu
Evgeny ivanovich zamyatin akafa muna 53, Kurume 10, 1937. Rufu rwakauya zvisingatarisirwi, uye chirwere chakasarudzika chakazova chikonzero, chakatambudza murume.
Munyori akavigwa kumakuva parisiser mu twi. Muna 1965, mukadzi wake Lydmila akafa. Akavigwa padivi pemurume wake, uye guva rakajairika.
Chokwadi Zvinonakidza
- Evgeny zamyatin muhuduku hwake akaisa menduru yegoridhe muLombard yevashanu rubles.
- Munyori akagadzira iyo yakakurumbira neVsky icewaker, iyo yakagamuchira zita idzva "Lenin" mushure meGoogle Revolution.
- NOLSS "1984" GEORGE Orwell uye "451 degrees Fahrenheit" Ray Bradbury yakanyorwa pasi pesimba raJam.
- Basa romunyori rakatanga kusachiva, asi kubva mukushungurudzika vachigara padanho rekutanga.
- Evgeny Ivanovich akanyora bhuku rakanaka kwazvo "isu" muna 1920, asi muRussia rakatanga kudhindwa muna 1988.
- "Isu" takava zita rekuti nyika yekutanga yenyika. "
- Zamyatin akanyora chete mumhando yemhando yeeorealism, uye masayendisiti haana kugona kuona pfungwa yemabasa ayo. Vaive vazere neVanhu-ngano nhetembo dzemo, iro chete munyori akanzwisiswa. Iyi ndiyo mhedzisiro yehunyanzvi hwekuziva, iyo yakaumbwa kumadzitateguru ake.
BHAIBHERI
- 1908 - "Mumwe"
- 1911 - "Musikana"
- 1912 - "County"
- 1913 - "PaKulichki"
- 1917 - "Vachitsuwa"
- 1914-1917 - Unganidzo yeNhau "Tales"
- 1917-1920 - Unganidzo yeNhau "Vana Vakuru Vakuru Ngano"
- 1918 - "Dhiragoni"
- 1920 - "Bako"
- 1920 - "Isu"
- 1935 - MWARI WEMAHARA