Biography
Munyori weChirungu Mary Hemary aive akakurumbira seMusiki weNove "Frankenstein, kana Promethehosi yemazuva ano." Yayo biography yakafanana neye monster Dr. Viktor Frankenstein: Inounganidzwa kubva panguva dzinofadza, matambudziko anosiririsa uye zviitiko zvinosiririsa. Uyu mukadzi akaviga murume wake (mudetsi wePerti Beach Shely), baba naamai, vana vana uye hanzvadzi mbiri, asi kusvika kumagumo ekugadzira uye tarenda.Hudu uye Vechidiki
Nee Mary Walstonkraft VaGodwin vakaberekwa muna Nyamavhuvhu 30, 1797 muLondon muHourosferi wezvematongerwo enyika Willwipher Driam Godwin uye Vakakurumbira VaTemii Century Mariya Mary Walstonkraft. Mhuri yacho yakarererwa nemwanasikana waMariya kubva kumuchato wekutanga neyekutengeserana Gilbert wecelates - fanni fan (1794).
Mwedzi mushure mekubuda kwaMariya, amai vacho vakafa nechirwere chakashata, uye vana vakaramba vachichengetwa naMwari. Aive aine chikwereti. Kunzwa kutadza kuzvimiririra kune vanasikana vaviri, William akamhanyira kune mumwe wechipiri.
MunaDecember 1801, Godvin akaroora Mary jane Clarmont, mukadzi akadzidziswa neakanaka aine vana vaviri - Charles naClaire. Shamwari zhinji dzaWilliam haana kuda mumwe wako, iye ainzi anokurumidza kutsamwa uye asatsamwiswa. Hukama naWamakanda uye Maria asina kugadzirwa: Clasmont akaunza vana vake chete, vasingatarisire vanasikana vaJesng.
Muchato hauna kuvandudza mamiriro ehupfumi wemhuri: William akatora zvikwereti zvitsva kuti abhadhare vekare. Urombo hauna kubvumira Mariya wedzidzo yakazara. Baba vakatanga vanasikana vezviitiko zvekudzidzisa, vakatendera mabhuku kubva kuraibhurari. Vamwe vasikana vasikana vakapa zuva rekuzvarwa kuna Mwari, kusanganisira mudetembi Samuel taylor kalridge.
Muna 1811, Maria akaitwa hafu yegore muchikoro che boardgitis, uye muna June gore rakatevera, baba vake vakamutumira kuti vagare muScotland, mumhuri yeBritish Barany William Bakter William Bakster. MuDhiary, Baxter akanyora kuti Maria akaunzwa "semuzivi, kunyange seCynic." Musikana akagara kaviri kuBotany, musi waKurume 30, 1814 akadzokera kumba kwake.
Mabhuku
Roman ine nhetembo dzePetsi Bishi Shelly uye ushamwari naGeorge Gordon Byron akaberekerwa nemunyori webasa remunyori wemunyori. Rimwe zuva, vatatu, vakagara nemoto, vakaudza imwe neimwe nyanga, uye Bayron vakabayira kukakavara kunyora nyaya nezvezvemagove. Husiku ihwohwo humwe, musikana akarota vesaesa rakacheneswa rakaunganidza chisikwa chakavanzika kubva kumunhu. Yakanga iri mupenyu.
Pahwaro hweMary Helly akaona mukurota kwake, akaronga kunyora nyaya, asi Percy akamubatsira kuwedzera zano kune yakafadzwa yakazara. Musi waJanuary 1, 1818, Dutu uye rakakurumbira basa remunyori Frankenstein, kana Prometheus yanhasi yakauya pasirese. Shanduro yekutanga yebhuku, inosanganisira makopi mazana mashanu, akasunungurwa asingazununguki. Vaverengi vakakurudzira kuti munyori - Percy Bishi Shelly: Akanyora zvazvino, kubata naMariya nemwana wavo William Godwin.
Shanduro yechipiri yeFrankenstein yakaburitswa muna Nyamavhuvhu 11, 1823, naMary Shelley yakaratidza papeji yemusoro. Iyo yakajairika ndiyo yechitatu vhezheni yeiyo novel, yakaburitswa muna Gumiguru 31, 1831. Akakurudzirwa nenhambwe nyowani, mairi Mariya akaudza iyo yakasimba shanduro yezvakatangira nhoroondo.
Muna 2008, Charles I. Robinson akaburitsa basa re "yekutanga Frankenstein". Akadzidza Mary Shelley manyoro emanyoro uye akacherekedza shanduko dzipi kuna hupfupi hwenyu zvakakonzera.
Kubva paFrankenstein, zviitwa zvakawanda, mimhanzi, nhovo, nhepfenyuro dzakasikwa. Iyo 1931 firimu ye1931 inoonekwa seyakaverengeka, uye inodzokorora mufananidzo weiyo monster macushkin, semaziso egirazi pasi pemazana emakore, zviyero mumutsipa uye nekukura kwakanyanya - kwakagadziriswa.
Munguva pakati pa 1819 ne1820, Mary akanyora zita rekuti "Matilda", iro rakabudiswa chete muna 1959 nekuda kwemusoro - kuzviuraya uye kusimudzwa mariri. Nekudaro, iyo inorarama zvakanyanya kubva kuna Shelley, uyo akasangana nerufu rwevana vaviri vadiki, zvaive zvakaoma kutarisira. Panguva imwecheteyo, akagadzira nhoroondo yenhoroondo "Valperga, kana Hupenyu uye Adventures of Kastrumcho, Prince Lucci."
Muna 1826, basa rechipiri rakakura raMariya rakabudiswa - bhuku racho "murume wekupedzisira", iro, zvisinei, harizofananidzwa nekuzivikanwa naFrankenstein. Zviito zvinoitika kumashure kweShelley 2073. Pano, vanhu vanokwira mabhiza, ngarava dzinoyerera zvizere nemasaini, hondo dzinoitwa neapofu, uye nzira inokurumidza yekufamba ichiramba.
Nziyo dzinosanganisira mavhoriyamu matatu, mumwe nemumwe wavo anotaurira nezvenguva yehupenyu hwevanhu vakuru - Lionel Vernea nehanzvadzi yake Perditi, muchinda Adrier naHashi vake vakadzidza vaAidris.
Vhoriyamu yekutanga inotsanangura mavara ekukura, uye anotarisisa Shelley anoita zvematongerwo enyika munyika, mune yechipiri vhoriyamu guta riri pasi pekutyisidzira kwedenda, uye nechirwere chechitatu, ichienderera mberi, chinoparadza vanhu. Shanduro yeRussia ye "Wokupedzisira" Wokupedzisira "yakaonekwa muna 2010.
Muma 1830s, Shelley akaburitsa zvinyorwa zveWowbek "(1830)," Lodod "(1835) uye" Falkner "(1837), akawana zvinyorwa zvemagazini evakadzi. Muna 1836, Baba Mariya vakafa. Akabvisa kusunungura memoirs yake, uye mwanasikana akamhanya kuzadzisa kuda kwekupedzisira kwemufi, asi mushure memakore maviri akaramba zano iri.
Kutenda kumunyori, iko kugona kwemufi Bishi Helly na 1837 zvakazivikanwa kuti: Mariya akaburitsa nhetembo yake mumapepanhau, pamapeji emabasa avo. Kwapera gore, muparidzi mukuru edward moxon moxon molwon molwon moxon yezvinyorwa zvake zvine zvinyorwa zvezvinyorwa zvakakura.
Hupenyu Hwako
Shipredity Bishi Shelly, murume akatevera Mariya, akaomerera kune maonero aWilliam Godwin, akarondedzera "kururamisa kwezvematongerwo enyika" (1793). Mudetembi achaenda naye zvakanyanya zvekuti akavimbisa kudzorera zvikwereti zvechizivi. Nekudaro, mhuri yakapfuma yeAlistocratic yakaramba mumirezi muchikwereti nekuda kwekuvengana kwemabasa aGodvin. Pashure pemwedzi yakati wandei, zvipikirwa zvakaziviswa jaya akazivisa kuti haana kugona kubatsira mune zvemari. Muzivi, achinzwa akazvipira, akabvarura kubatana ane ushamwari.
Achigara achionekwa mumba maGod Vavina, Mariya nenhengo inobaya tsitsi. Vakasangana nechivande guva raamai vaamai, ivo vakareurura kune mumwe nemumwe murudo. Zuva rechiitiko ichi rinozivikanwa nekuda kwekutenda kune iyo diary zvinyorwa - June 26, 1814. Mangwana acho, musikana uyu akaudza baba nezvebatanidzwa, uye iye, kutyisa mwanasikana wake, akarwadziswa.
Musi waChikunguru 28, vaviri vacho vakapukunyuka kuFrance, kutora imwe hanzvadzi Maria, Claire pamwe naye, uye muEngland, panguva ino, aive munhu ane nhumbu mistress yeShelley - Harriet Mr. Makore maviri mushure mekuzvarwa kwemwanakomana Charles, mukadzi uyu akanyudzwa, asingakwanisi kutsungirira hupenyu hwakadai. Mu rwendo rwakatenderwa uye Mariya pacharo. Paakadzokera kumba musi waSeptember 13, anoda vadi akakumbira rubatsiro kuna Mwari, asi aisada kuve nechinhu chakafanana nemwanasikana wake.
Percy, achisiya nepamuviri paMariya kumba, akabva kuna Claire, akava tenzikadzi wake, uye naMary, vakanyaradzwa mumaoko aThomas Hogg, Gweta uye shamwari yepedyo yeShelley. Hupenyu hwevanhu vega hwevaviri ava hwaisatambura neshanduko - vese vari vaviri vaitenda murudo rwemahara uye vakamanikana.
Musi waFebruary 22, 1815, Maria akazvara musikana asingatarisirwi kwemwedzi miviri. Akafira musi waKurume 6. Mukadzi wacho akawira mukuora mwoyo, ndakaona mwana kwese. Zviroto zvemwana zvaive zvakabatanidzwa mugore gore gare gare: Musi waJanuary 24, 1816, mugari wenhaka kusvika mugari wenhaka kuti ape - William akazviratidza - William akaoneka. Kubva panguva iyoyo, Maria akakumbirwa kuti amufonze "Mai Shely."
Musi waZvita 30, 1816, vaviri vakazoroora, uye musi waSeptember 2, iro gore iro Maria akazvara mwanasikana waClara. Kune vana vaviri vaviri havana kufanirwa kurarama hupenyu hwakareba: MunaGunyana 1818, Clara Vakafa, muna June 1819 - William. Shelley akapinda mukushungurudzika kwakatarwa. Musi waNovember 12, 1819, Florence Florence akaberekwa - mwana chete anozopukunyuka.
Musi waFebruary 27, 1819, mudetembi akazvizivisa nababa vaElena Adelaide Solly - aivimbisa mwanasikana waMary. Hazvizivikanwe kuti mwana ane chokwadi, anofungidzirwa kuti Claire akazvara kubva kuBaroni.
Pana June 16, 1822, Maria aive pedyo nerufu: Akarasikirwa nemusango, nekuda kwezvaakarasikirwa neropa rakawanda. Chiremba akaponesa upenyu hwake, akagara mubhavha nechando. Mazuva mashoma gare gare, chimwe chiitiko chinoshungurudza chakaitika - musi waChikunguru 1, Pischi Shelly neshamwari yake Edward Williams Will afrackreck. Miviri yavo yakatakurwa mazuva gumi mushure medutu remhepo. Yakasarudzika munzvimbo.
Muna 1826, John Howard Pain, mutambi weAmerica, akaita kuti Mary Offer. Akaramba, achiti akaroora dentari nemurume wake anotevera haafanire kunge asina vane tarenda. Gare gare, munyori weFrance Prospesu Merima, Bioghilher Edward John Troni uye wezvematongerwo enyika Obry Boklerk akati. Hapana munhu akawana nzvimbo yeShelly.
Rufu
Muma 1840, Marilly aigara nemwanakomana weS perscence Florence, zvakare aine mukadzi wake Jane Gibhoni, mwanasikana wemuAmerican Banker Thomas Gibson.
Kubva 1849, munyori akatambura kubva kuMigraine, dzimwe nguva muviri wake wakashamiswa. Chirwere chaShelley chakararama makore maviri, akafa musi waFebruary 1, 1851 ane makore makumi mashanu nemashanu. Zvichida, chikonzero cherufu chaive pfungwa yekenza.
Mariya akazviratidza kuti amuviga pedyo naamai vake uye nababa muSt. Paincår muLondon, asi mamiriro emakuva panguva iyoyo aishambidzika. Jane Gibson akaviga vamwene muChechi yeSt. Peter ari muchizvarwamouth.
Mugore rekutanga rufu, bhokisi rakavhurwa, richiteverwa naMariya. Yakanga yakawanikwa tambo dzebvudzi revazukuru vake vakafa, iro runyorwa, rugwaro rwePischi renyu revaPischi remolly rakanga ranyorwa nhetembo dzisingazivikanwe, vashoma guruva uye chidimbu chemoyo wake.
BHAIBHERI
- 1817 - "Nhoroondo yeKufamba Kwemakore matanhatu-matanhatu"
- 1818 - "Frankenstein, kana Promethehosi yemazuva ano"
- 1819 - "Matilda"
- 1823 - "Walperga, kana Hupenyu uye Adventures of Kastrchcho, Prince Lucca"
- 1826 - "Munhu Wokupedzisira"
- 1830 - "Fate Perkina Warbek"
- 1835 - "Lodod"
- 1837 - "Falkner"