Biography
Andriyan Nikolaev mukuru weSoviet Aviation, munyori, mumiriri wehunyanzvi hwehunyanzvi, aive mugari wechitatu weUSSR, akashanyira nzvimbo. Mutori wechikamu muyedzo isina kumbobvira yechiuto mune imwe nzvimbo isina mhepo yaive munhu wekutanga kushanda mune orbit pasina skatera.
Kuti uwane kukodzera ku Abrayland, Nikolaev akagoverwa kaviri zita reSoviet Union uye rakapihwa marudzi akasiyana siyana nemenduru.
Hudu uye Vechidiki
Andriyan Grigorievich Nikolaev, Yemusha weShoresheli Chuvashovy Ashoro Nikolaev uye mukaka waAnna Aleekseevna Alekseeva naAlekseeva naAlekseeva naAleekseva uye yaive pakati pevana vana.
Sezvo ndapedza chikoro chesekondari muna 1944, Nikolaev yakapinda muMaryano-Posad Lesotechnical technical technical tekinoroji. Ipapo nyanzvi yechidiki ine diploma yemasango akagoverwa kubasa muKarelia. Jaya raiyemura neyekumusoro-soro yekuchamhembe mafungiro aifunga kuti ndakawana kudanwa, asi nguva yebasa reuto raisvika, uye mugumo weSriyan achinja kutonhora.
Nikolaev akasvika mauto evashandi, uyezve pakupera kwekushumirwa kwekudaira, akapinda muchikoro chevapanda veAerial vanopfura pasi pechikoro chemauto eCherniiv. Kuve mutyairi anangwa, Angiyan akaramba achishumira munharaunda yeMoscow, kwaakange awira pasi pekutanga kwevaavatori Alexander tashkin.
Chiitiko chakaremerwa chemurangariro mukuru, Nikolaev akaratidzira zvishamiso zvemutyairi mumamiriro akasiyana siyana. Pane imwe nguva, panguva yekudzidziswa kwekudzidzisa, injini 17 yakarambwa, Andriya akaisa mota mumunda, ichidzivisa kupaza kwemugwagwa uye chengetedza hupenyu hwake. Kuti uzvidzore uye ushingi mukuiswa kwakaoma kweNikolaev kwakapihwa kwemaawa akawanda nekunyora kunyora uye kwakabvumwa kuCommunist pati yeUSSR.
Cosmonautics
Kurume 7, 1960 yaive zuva rakakosha mu biography yeiyo flyer yeNikolaev. Kutenda kune hunhu hwakanaka kubva kunzvimbo yebasa, Andriya akatora muteereri kuboka reCosmonaus, iyo yakazonyorwa yakazonzi Gagarin.
MuThe Star Town, mutyairi uyu akaitwa kosi yekuedza yekudzidzisa yakawedzerwa neSovietal Trivers's, physioterapists uye njiva, uye, zvinobudirira kuongororwa kwechipatara chekureva kwechiitiko cheUSSR.
Vatyairi vatanhatu vane hunyanzvi hwakanakisa hwepanyama uye nehunyanzvi hunyanzvi uye huwandu hwakaenzana hwekugadzirira, zvakanyatsodaidza nzvimbo yemunhu mumwechete mudenga. Vatungamiriri vekhi, izvo zvisati zvaoma kusarudza, zvakapihwa kune vatyairi kuti vasarudze kukwidziridzwa vari voga. Andriyan naComandes vakasarudza kuti Yuri Gagarin aive akafanirwa zvakanyanya pakati pavo.
Musi waApril 12, 1962, shamwari dzakashandisa gamba muBaikonur Costopor kwete muganho.
Pane mafungu ebudiriro, hutungamiriri hwePCU hwakatanga gadziriro dzechipiri kuvhurika kwerukova "East-2". Mutungamiriri wechikepe akagadzwa chiGerenya Titov, uye nikolaev akaraira mabasa okuriritira. Varwi vakadzidziswa nemweya yakasindimara, nekuti vaifanira kushandisa zuva rese muchadenga uye kekutanga kunzwa mamiriro ekurema.
Ndege yechipiri yakapfuura zvakare pasina kutora chikamu kwaNikolaev, asi mutyairi haana kumisa kudzidziswa kwakarongwa. Kuongorora kudzikama, kanza, kupindura nekukurumidza uye kujekesa zvinotevera mirayiridzo, iyo yekufambisa Management Center yakagadzwa Andriyan Grigirich Maritari "East-3".
Kubuda kweiyo Yakatangisa muna Nyamavhuvhu 11, 1962 yakava iyo yekutanga-yekutanga kubhururuka munzvimbo iyo matombo maviri aipinda "ngarava yaNikolav inoperekedza" East-4 ", inotungamirirwa naPavel Popovich. Uyezve, basa rekuongorora nyeredzi raive rekuyedza kutsvaga orbit pasina skatemani yekudzivirira mumamiriro ekurema, akanyatsoitiswa nemutyairi asingatyi.
Uye mushure memakore, veruzhinji vakadzidza nezvechakavanzika chekubuda kwenzvimbo "kumabvazuva", vachitevedzera mamiriro ezvinhu mune ngarava imwe chete senyasha, uye imwe yaive chinangwa chinogona kuitika.
Munguva yekutanga yekubuda, Andriyan Grigorievich akabhururuka 64 nguva yakatenderedza pasi rake uye yaive pedyo-yepasi kana maminitsi makumi maviri nemasere, achiisa chinyorwa cheiyo nguva yekubhururuka. Akave akave akabatwa ne "cosmic dinners", katatu pazuva anotora zvakanyatso bheka chikafu chakabikwa uye kubhowa kofi. Pakupera kwekutiza, zita rekutyaira raive rekutanga mubhuku rekurumbidza rekuremekedza kwevashandi uye kuisira kweChuvash Republic, uye nyika yakapa cosmonout kune iyo yekuraira kwepamusoro mutsauko.
Kudzokera kuPasi, Nikolayev akapinda Moscow Nikolay zhukovsky Air Force Academy, kwaakakusimbisa ruzivo rwehunyanzvi uye muna 1968 akagamuchira nyanzvi ye "mutyairi weInternet-cosmon. Andriyan Grigorievich akave mukuru wedhorobha reguta reStellar, uye muna 1965 akatora chikamu mukugadzirira kutiza pane imwe-gore orbit pachiteshi cheSoyuz. Kubuda kwakarongwa hakuna kuitika, uye Nikolaev akatora iyo post yemusoro wemusoro wenzvimbo yekudzidzira nzvimbo yekudzidzira nzvimbo mushure mekunge Yuri Gagarin uye akagamuchira musoro weiyo colonel Aviation.
Muna 1970, Andriyan Grigorievich akave mukuru weSoyuz-9 vashandi, uye vasiri veSevastyanov vakava mumwe wake mukutiza. Vatyairesi vakaita 286 vanotendeuka nepasi uye vakagara mumazuva 17 maawa gumi nematanhatu nemakumi mashanu emaminitsi, vakaputsa zvinyorwa zvese zvekufungidzira uye zvisingafungidziriki.
Kutenda kune rakarongeka basa, Nikolaev aine mumwe wandaishanda naye akaitwa vemugove wesainzi uye nehope dzemuvengi anopindirwa pamepu uye akatamba mabiko ekutanga mu chess anopesana neyechivira nzvimbo yekubhururuka. Pakudzoka pahwaro hwe data pane chimiro chevatyairi, varapi vakagadzira chirongwa chekugadzirira mamiriro ezvinhu ekurema kwehuremu uye kujairana pasi pemamiriro epasi.
Kune ino yekubuda, iyo inotsanangurwa muRogwaro rwevhavha "Kukwezva kwePasi", Andriyan Grigorievich akagamuchira mubairo - iyo yechipiri kurongeka kweiyo Soviet Union uye zita remukuru mukuru.
Pashure pokungeza, Nikolaev akaramba achishanda semusoro wekutanga wepakati pekudzidziswa kwenzvimbo, akasarudzwa mutevedzeri weDare repamusoro reSekuru, uye kubva muna 1994, mutyairi wemutyairi akashanda muHurumende Dunhu reRussia Federation. Nekunyora mapepa anenge 70 esainzi emapepa uye mabasa emhizha pane nzvimbo, Andriyan Grigorievich muna 1975 akavhara chimiro chake uye akagamuchira musoro wenyaya yehunyanzvi.
Hupenyu Hwako
Muna 1963, Nikolaev, iyo yekupedzisira bastar yeguta, yakaroora mukadzi wekutanga-cosmonaustentina tereshkova. Muchato wakaitika muimba yehurumende nekutora chikamu cheUSSR Secretary General Nikita Krushchev.
Shamwari dzinofungidzirwa kuti iyi mubatanidzwa inobatsira sainzi uye nzanga uye haina kutenda mufaro wemurume nemukadzi vachangobva kugadzirwa. Aya mazwi eSriyan Grigorievich mubhuku rinoti "Tichasangana muOrbit," uko, kupokana nehupenyu hwega, nekudziya uye rudo rwakapindura nezvehafu yake.
Kwapera gore, mwanasikana waElena, uyo aive aine huwandu hwenhandare dzemuviri dzakazvarwa mumhuri yemhuri. Izvo hazvina kudzivirira musikana kuti apedze chikoro uye nezvekurapa kwekuremekedza nekukudzwa, kaviri kuroora uye kuve amai vevana vaviri.
Nhoroondo dzehukama mumhuri yaNikolaev dzakavanzika chakavanzika. Muvanhu, vabuki vakapa chimwe chiratidzo chekutarisirwa uye vaigara vachinyemwerera, asi chimwe chinhu muwanano yavo chakashata, uye, mushure memakore 19, Andriyan Grigorievich uye Valalina vladimirovna vakarambana.
Tereshkova akaroora Yulia Shamposhnova, uye Nikolayev Rufu rusati rwagara ndega.
Rufu
Andriyan Nikolaev, ane hutano hwegamba mumakore mudiki uye akura, akatanga kusangana nematambudziko nemoyo wake pakupera kwehupenyu.
Muzhizha ra2004, venyeredzi vakakumbirwa kubhokisi semutongi wemakwikwi emaruwa emaruwa ese. Chikunguru 3, mushure mekupera kwezviitiko uye musangano wepamhepo, pane iyo yekupedzisira mufananidzo weiyo mutyairi wechikadzi akaitwa, Nikolaev akarasikirwa nekuziva uye akafa. Vanachiremba vakawana kuti chikonzero cherufu rwekufa kukuru chakave chibodzwa.
Andriyan Grigorievich akaviga pasi rake muchinda nyika pamusoro pekuda kwemukadzi wake nemuroora. Mufananidzo weCosmon Work Hurgement muMuseum iri mumusha weSharcheal, kuti zvivakwa zveChirangaridzo cheNikolav, Smovensk naChabiksary, pamwe nemazita emigwagwa uye materu eRussia maguta.
Muna 2018, vagari veRussia vakavhotera kuti vazive kuti zita remutyairi wekuzivikanwa akagoverwa kuChuvash Capital International Airport.
Mazita uye mubairo
- 1961 - "Order of the Red Star"
- 1962 - Pilot-Cosmonaumute neUSSR
- 1962, 1970 - Gamba reSoviet Union
- 1962, 1970 - MELD "nyeredzi nyeredzi"
- 1962 - "Kurongeka kweLenin"
- 1970 - "Goridhe Medal yainzi Yu.agarin"
- 1976 - "Order yeRed Banner"
- 1981 - Ruzivo rweHurumende rweUSSR
- 1988 - Kurongeka "kwebasa revaAmariro muVana Mauto eUSSR" III Degree
- 1991 - Medal "yekusimbisa kurwisa Commat Commonwealth"