Biography
Galiaskar kamal - Tatar munyori, munyori weDrama Anoshanda, Ruzhinji Mufungo uye Muvambi wezvemitambo yeTatarstan. Akadudzira mabasa evaRussia cassics uye akabatsira kugadzirwa kwavo kuna Changamire mutaundi rekumusha kwake.
Zita razvino remunyori ndiGaliaskar Galiakbarovich kamaletdinov. Nezvehucheche hwemunyori anoziva zvishoma. Akazvarwa muna Ndira 6, 1879 muKazan. Baba vemukomana vakashanda seWadhi, uye mhuri iyi havana kusiyana mukubudirira kukuru.
Hupenyu Galiyasi hwakaguma mumusha, kubva kwaibva mai vake vaiuya. Akatarisa hupenyu hwake mumars akadzika, uye akatanga mhedziso yekutanga pamusoro pechishandiso chenyika.
Dzidzo iyo munyori wenguva yemberi akawana muMadrasa "Gosmania" uye "Muhammadia" muKazan. Jaya racho rakadzidziswa rakadzidziswa Russian uye zivo inowedzera iyo matsotsi akawana nyika yeRussia mutambo weRussia uye Theatre. Idi rekuti Galiashi rakaverengerwa nekukwira nemabhuku, zvakava pachena paakanga achiri kuyaruka, saka zvaive nyore kufunga kuti biogrowa rake raizobatana neiyi mirayiridzo iyi.
Zvisikwa
Wokutanga akabudiswa, akabudiswa muminhenga yeramangwana remangwana, raive basa re "hujaya husina kugadzikana." GalassaRcal yakazvinyora muna 1898, uye muna 1907 akagadzira yechipiri edition. Iyo huru leitmotif yemuumbi ndiyo nyaya dzemagariro uye mazano ezvidzidzo izvo munyori wepfungwa akataura.
Akadudzirwa Democrat, akakurudzira kufamba kweanoshandura kwa1905-1907 uye akazova muvambi wemapepanhau akati wandei. Muna 1906, Shanduro ye "Azat" yakaonekwa se "rusununguko", gare gare "vanhu vakasununguka"), uye mushure memakore maviri, "mheni dzekutanga dzeJashen") dzakabudiswa mukati Kutenderera, iyo Galiaskar kamal yakagadzirwa pamwe chete nedetembi Gabdullah Tukay.
Chido chehudiki chevatambi hachina kusiya Kamala uye mune yekare. Akasimudzira kukura kweiyo theatre kesi uye akatora chikamu mukusikwa kwechirevo chekutanga, akauya kuruzhinji muna 1906. Iyo playwright yakanyora inoshanda mabasa mune iyo chaiyo, yakakodzera mhirizhonga uye mavara anopenya. Mhoro yake yakaumbwa nheyo yemuridzi wemitambo yeTatar Pre-Revolution Theatre.
Zvishoma nezvishoma, mazano echidiki edzidziso akatsiviwa nekuseka kwekusunungurwa, hurumende iripo uye zvipingamupinyi zvemagariro. Satyric Comedies yekutamba yakave munhu anovenga mamiriro ezvinhu nyika. Akashandisa zviitiko chaizvo sehwaro hwemabasa uye akaona mavara anozivikanwa ari nyore pane zvakaitika.
Muna 1908, mharidzo yekutanga "yekutanga" yakaitwa munzvimbo yemitambo. Akarondedzera kurwira kwevanopanduka kurwisa sangano reNational Theatre. Mumufananidzo wehunhu hukuru, zvese zvekutonga zvakaratidzwa, izvo zvakavengwa nemunyori. Muna 1912, vateereri vakaona kugadzirwa kwe "zvakavanzika zvevanhu vedu", umo mutambi wekutamba warovhu nekutsigira hurongwa hwehumambo, uyo akazvipira kune vabatsiri. Mugore rimwe chetero, "bankrupt" kutamba, iyo mifundo yekukudzwa nezvekugadzirira kutendeseka kweguta guru, iyo yakakurudzira vamiriri vemunharaunda veBourgeoisie.
Mabasa anoshamisa eGagalsa Kamala akatanga kuve anoratidza vatungamiriri veTatar nevatambi vekanguva iyoyo. Pamwe chete nevanhu vane pfungwa dzakafanana nevanhu, munyori wacho akaziviswa nekuvandudzwa kwechikamu chemuti sechishandiso chekurera ruzhinji uye kudzivirira mabhuku ezvinyorwa zvepasirese.
Mutambi wekutamba akaedza iye mushanduri, uye padanho remitambo yemitambo yakatanga kutamba zviitiko pamitengo yeMaxim Gorky, Alexander Ostrovsky, Nikolai Gogol muTatar. Mushandi wemitambo zvakare akanyora nyaya dzakakosha uye zvinyorwa, akagovana mazano ake nezvechokwadi pachiitiko.
Iyo October Revolution nehondo yevagari vakafuridzira munyori. Akapamba muzvisikwa zvemabasa ane mweya weSoviet, akanyora nhetembo uye akasika matanda. Kutsigira nzvimbo inoshandira yehurumende, kamal yakava muimbi mumapoka eKrasnoarmeyan Tatar Troupe. Pasi peiyo pseudinonm aulia nekambani, munyori akanyora prose satirical, kune vashandi uye varimi vaiva nebasa rakakura.
Muna 1921, Galiask yakaunza ruzhinji nemutambo "akanaka hafisa," kutaurira nezvezvakanaka zvekuchinja kwevanhu uye shanduko iyo ichasanganisira mumunda wehukama hwemagariro. Muna 1926, munyori akagamuchira musoro wevanhu mutyairi.
Iyo inoshamisa kuti, mukuwedzera kumitambo yemitambo uye yekuverenga, Galiaskar kamal yaifarira kudhirowa uye calligraphy. Akazova iye munyori wemifananidzo mizhinji pamatisirwo ezvematongerwo enyika. Kubatana nedzimba dzekuburitsa imba yekudhinda imba, murume akatarisisa zvakanyanya zvidzidzo zveTatar Calligraphy. Akabatanidzawo basa reunyanzvi uye nenguva muTheatre, vachidzidza zviitiko zvekuita zviitiko.
Hupenyu Hwako
Galiascar Kamal yakaonekwa muhunyanzvi uye nehupenyu hwega. Munyori uye nhamba yeruzhinji yaive mumutauro wakakurumbira mune yeKazan Merchant Sadiq Haybullina. Mukunda wemutengesi akava mukadzi wake, uye hama nyowani yairemekedza dzidzo uye dzidzo yekuda chinzvimbo muKamal.
Iye mutengesi aive nezvirongwa zvake zvegalascar. Kuziva nezvekutamba kweShaaria kwaigona kuuya nekubata zvakanaka, kana akabvuma kuve Imam muMosque, iyo Haybullin yakavakwa. Kamala mafungiro akadaro haana hanya. Kubvumirana kwakawanikwa kwekutenda nechibvumirano: Mukwasha akatanga kutengesa zvakadhindwa zvigadzirwa.
Muchato wakaitika muna 1900, uye baba vake vakaunza imba paNarimanov Street mwanasikana wake anodikanwa, uyo akamira muKazan nhasi. Vana vari mumhuri vakaoneka makore akati wandei gare gare. Galiaskar Kamal afadzwa kwazvo nekuzvarwa kweMwanakomana muna 1908.
Galassal Kamal aive akaroora kaviri, mudzimai wake wechipiri aive musikana anonzi Asma. Iye mutambi ane nhaka gumi nevashanu, mashanu uye mwanasikana mumwe.
Rufu
Tatar Playwright akafa muna 1933. Izvo zvinokonzera kufa kwemunyori hakuna kuita chikonzero chekukurukurirana. Gariassa Kamal aive mumwe wevashoma tatar artist avo vakakwanisa kutora hutongi hwezvematongerwo enyika uye kuramba uchigadzira nekurudziro. Rufu rwePlaywright rwakarasikirwa nemabhuku emunyika uye mitambo yemitambo.
Zvino mufananidzo wake unogona kuoneka mumadziro edzidzo yedzidzo muKazan, yakatumidzwa zita remitambo. MuTatarstan, kune migwagwa yakati wandei inonzi zita reruzhinji, uye imba yemunyori yakava museum. Muna 1959, akagamuchira chimiro chechinyorwa chenhoroondo uye tsika.
BHAIBHERI
- 1907 - "Vechidiki Vanonda"
- 1908 - "Nemhaka yeChipo"
- 1911 - "Anoda"
- 1911 - "Zvakavanzika zveguta redu"
- 1912 - "Bankrupt"
- 1921 - "akanaka hafisa"