Biography
Gabdulla Tukai ndiye tatar nhetembo uye prose, kuverenga uye mushanduri. Muvambi wetsika yenhetembo yerudzi, akabatsira mukuvandudzwa kwemutauro weTatar. Vanyori vazhinji vakava vateveri vemunyori.
Gabdulla Tukai akaberekerwa mumusha weKushlavy musi waApril 26, 1886. Baba vake vakafa kana mukomana paakanga achiri mucheche, uye amai vakafa mushure memakore mana, vachisiya mwana nedhani rakatenderera. Stephift haina kutora iwo mabasa ekurerwa kweGabdulla uye akamutambisa mumaoko aSekuru, mulle zinnatulle. Hupenyu hwemukomana hwaive husiri nyore. Mumazuva iwayo, zvinhu zvese zvaive zvakaomera vanhu vese, saka mumwe munhu mumwe chete mumba aireva mari isingafanooni uye isingadiwe.
Sekuru vakawana mhinduro yakanaka nekutumira muzukuru kuKazan mumhuri yekutambira. Mukomana akabvuma kudziya uye mutsa. Asi mushure memakore maviri, izwi rekuti vabereki vakarwara uye vakatumira Gabdulla idzoy. Hapana akamirira imba yake. Sekuru vakatanga kutsvaga pekugara kwemwana.
Kusingaperi Kufamba, Urombo, Hapana Kutarisirwa uye Kuchengeta kwakakanganisika kuwanda kweiyo tuquet, iyo yaitwa uye inorwadza. Akasarudza kumupa iye muridzi weSAgdi, aigara mumusha weKyrlay. Aivawo murombo, asi ruoko rwekuwedzera mumusha nguva dzose kunzvimbo nguva dzose. Kubva pabasa rakaoma remuviri pano raisazopunyuka kune chero munhu, uye muhudiki kwaive nezvakawanda zvekushanda.
Muna 1895 gabdulla tukai akasendamira kune tete muUralsk. Akawana pekugara mumba meMutengesi weMutermana. Jaya rakatanga kudzidza nekushanyira Muslim chikoro. Akatanga kudzidza Russian uye aratidze mashandiro munzira dzakasiyana. Nzvimbo dzakakomberedza tarenda rake.
Mumakore 19, Tukai akaita shanduro yekutanga muRussia. Mabasa awo aakashanda vaive Baseni Ivan Krylov. Nhetembo dzakabviswa zvakanyanya kuti jaya raakatanga kushandura mabasa evanyori veRussia kune mutauro weTatar, achiunza veruzhinji nematarenda ehudzi hombe nevanyori.
Muna 1904, basa raGabdullah rakadhindwa mumagazini "New Century". Pakutanga, Tuka akafunga tsika dzechiArabhi, asi mabhuku eRussia akaunza zvinhu zvitsva nenzira yake. Zvakanyorwa naAlexander puskin uye Mikhail Lermontov akaita fungidziro huru pane muturikiri uye kusikwa kwakafuridzirwa kwenhamba. Pasinei neuchecheoma akaoma, Gabdulla Tukai akazvitarisisa achifara uye mumabasa ake akaisa zvinonyanya kunaka uye zvine hungwaru.
Nhetembo uye zviitiko zvemagariro
Shanduko uye nguva yekuita, iyo yakatanga muna 1905, yakawedzera zvinyorwa zvitsva mumabasa enhetembi. Akave inzwi re demokrasi, akapikisa simba uye capitalism. Kudzvinyirira kwevanhu vekuNatar tatar, munyori akatsanangura mumabasa, ayo akaburitswa mumapato. Akanyora nhetembo nezve shanduko uye mapepa akapinza mumutauro weTatar.
Kushanda iyo yekuverenga kuverenga uye seti yezvinyorwa, zvishoma nezvishoma Tukai akava mushandi wevaparidzi. Akasarudza kutama kubva kumashoko kune nyaya yacho, kusimudzira shanduko, uye kutora chikamu muzviratidziro uye kuratidzira. Muna 1907, Gabdulla akasiya Muslim chikoro uye akazova rekodhi yakazara yekuchinja. Mabasa ake panguva ino aive muhuwandu hwekuda kumutswa kwemweya wekurwa. Munyori akapa vagari vemo kuti vakwikwidze kukudzwa kwenzvimbo dzeNyika Dzake uye dzeDemocratic muzvinyorwa zvakadaro, se "tisingaende!".
Gabundle yakazova yakaoma kuziva zvikonzero nei shanduko dzakundwa. Akavhiringidzika, mafungu okusava netariro, uyo akabata nhetembo, aionekwa pabasa rake. Tukai akadzokera kuKazan, achienda kwaanoenda achisimbisa mabhuku mutaundi rekumusha kwake.
Munyori akaunzira anoziva vechidiki vanofambira mberi uye vakatanga kuzviedza muSetire. Kwegore rekugara muKazan, akanyora zvakati wandei, nhetembo uye zvinyorwa zvezvenhau, misoro mikuru yeiyo yaive yekufunganya vanhu, tariro uye kutenda mukururamisira, musiyano wekuremekedza uye kukudzwa. Iye munyori akabudiswa mumagazini "Zarnitsa" uye "mheni". Kuve munyori ane ruzivo, Tuka akaburitsa kutenderera kwemabasa, akati "ndangariro yechiedza cheUsaina" yakatsaurirwa kushamwari yake yepedyo.
Iye munyori haana kuzeza kuratidza pfungwa nemanzwiro papepa, achivauraya neyeverengi. Mabasa e "Gonnet" uye "Dzokera kuKazan" ane hukama nenguva ino yekugadzira, zvakajeka kuti zvijeke pachena kuti munyori haasisiri munyika yekufungidzira, asi akaonga chaizvo zvinhu zvakaipa zveimba. Aive akakumbira basa uye pakati pehunyanzvi hwekugadzira. Mabasa akagadzirwa muna 1911-1912 akanyorwa pasi pesimba rezvemisimbiso yemisha yavo nekwavo nyika uye nyika.
Tukai akafamba padhuze neVolga. Akashanyira Asttrakhan, kwaakasangana nevanoshanda vemuno. Muchirimo cha1912, nhetembo yakafamba neUFA kuenda kuSt. Petersburg, uko mazano ekuchinja uye epamberi njere dzakanyatsoona panguva iyoyo. Iko kufungidzira kwerwendo kwakabatanidzwa neiyo nhetembo Nariman Narimanov, Revolutionary Mullanur vakhitov uye munyori Mafitur Guri.
Matambudziko ehutano, atove panguva ino, vazive nezvavo, havana kumisa mudetembi. Kubva kuSt. Petersburg, akafambisa troitsk, uye kubva ipapo akachengeta nzira iyi steppe, achitarisira kurapwa kunoshamisa neKaura. Kudzokera kuKazan, Gabdulla Tuka akaziva kuti yekutanga rudo yakanga isiri kudzoka. Yakakwirira mutoro uye yakaipa mamiriro ekuvapo akawedzera mamiriro acho ezvinhu. Asi mafungiro ehondo haana kunyangarika kubva pamapeji ebasa ayo.
Hupenyu Hwako
Maererano nenhandare yeMemoiridzi vevanhu vakararama, Gabdulla Tuka vakamirira vasikana, vakanyara nechitarisiko chake. Lucky uye akaderera, aine dumbu paziso, rakamanikidzwa kupfeka magirazi akasviba, aisatenda kuti aida munhu. Mudetembi haana kunzwa mod, nekuti ivo havana kubvumira mari, uye pakanga pasina kufarira izvi. Mari muhomwe yake yakaonekwa nguva nenguva, nekuti mabhuku aya akaunza mari, asi Tuka haana kufa kuti aponese: Akaparadzira muchikwereti asina kudzoka, akaberekerwa manheru, akabatsira.
Vasikana vacho uye nyaya yacho vakapa zviratidzo zveGabdulla, vakamirira hofisi yezvigadzirisi, uye nhetembo yakanamata chero misangano. ZUTAN Mavlyudava, mwanasikana waterchant, akarotawo kuti asadzikamwi neanonana. Akanyorera rubatsiro kuhama. Fatih Amirkhan akaunza musikana kudetet paakatamba nevanoshanda navo mumamepu ari mumuparidzi. Musangano wekutanga waive wenguva pfupi: Tuka haana kuratidza kufarira, uye kukohwa kwakatorwa. Vechidiki vese vakaona kashanu.
Musangano wechipiri wakaitika nemukana: Tukai akaona musikana kubva kuhwindo remarara ndokuzvigamuchira. Kechitatu, chirongwa chakaratidza Zaitan. Kukurukurirana kwavo kwakatora nguva pfupi. Tukai akatarisa, aingoenda kunoenda, uye nerudo nemuvakidzani aimutadzisa chero kupi zvako. Chechina kufambidzana kwakapa mukana wekuti unzwe wakasununguka.
Vakapedza nguva mushure menguva yemavara ekuverenga, vachifamba munzira. Kwenguva yechishanu, vechidiki vakasangana muhofisi yeiyo hofisi. Zuta akaenda kuKazan kuenda kuChistopol ndokuenda kunoti goodbye. Gabdulla akavimbisa kuuya kune pier kuti ataure zvakanaka uye haana kuuya.
Makore mashanu gare gare, apo Tuway paakanga ari paari afa, Zuta akauya kuzomushanyira kuchipatara. Akamirira mvumo yekupinda muwadi, asi Gabdulla akazvirambidza. Gare gare, musikana uyu akaroora muranda wechechi, mwanakomana wake uye muzukuru akava nhetembo. Asati afa, mukadzi wacho akakumbira kuviga sevadiki sezvinobvira kuGuva reTuka. Padimbiso yake, mitsara yakavezwa kubva munhetembo yakazvitsaurira kuna mudiwa.
Hupenyu hwepedyo Gabdullah tuka haana kushanda. Iye akange asina mukadzi nevana. Kusvika pakufa kwekufa mumoyo make, manzwiro akange achikura akananga Zaitun.
Rufu
Iyo biography yeTatar Peth ipfupi ipfupi. Akafa aine makore makumi maviri nematanhatu muna Kubvumbi 1913. Kukonzera rufu kwakava rudo, kuomesa nzara. Shanda muimba inodhinda inodhinda muna 1912 yakakurira chirwere ichi. Kufa kwaGabdulla tuquet kwave kurasikirwa nemabhuku uye hunyanzvi.
Zvino mufarire basa renhetembo, vevateridzi uye muturikiri rinotsigirwa padanho reHurumende. Mukurangarira kweGabdulle Tuka, museum yemuseum yakavhurwa muKazan. Muchiwere paSpurkin Street, anotumidzwa zita rake rekukudzwa, pane chifananidzo kumunyori, uye mafoto ake akashongedzwa nemabhuku emabhuku. Iyo webhusaiti yepamutemo yakazvipira kumunhu wake, iyo inotsanangura biography yeTuka uye mienzaniso yemabasa.
BHAIBHERI
- 1905 - "Parusununguko"
- 1906 - "Parasites"
- 1906 - "State Duma"
- 1907 - "Chii chinonzi Shakdras anoti"
- 1907 - "Haazosiyi!"
- 1907 - "Shaureile"
- 1908 - "Nyika"
- 1908 - "Sennaya Bazaar kana New Kisekbash"
- 1911 - "Gnet"
- 1911 - "Dacha"
- 1912 - "Vechidiki Tatar"
- 1913 - "Tariro yavanhu ..."