Biography
Simon Bolivar - Imwe yeVanojeka Revolution muNhoroondo Yenyika. Kune vagari vechiedza chitsva, zita rezita chiratidzo chekusunungurwa kwerusununguko muLatin America nyika, iyo aimbova makoleni eSpain. Bolivar akatenda kuti uranda hunofanirwa kuparadzwa, uye huwandu hwevanhu vemo hwakaenzana kodzero dzekugamuchira hupenyu hwakanaka.
Hupenyu hwekupedzisira, Bolivar akagamuchira zita re "America Libelator". Mune fate, zvematongerwo enyika zvine ups uye pasi. Aifa asati afa asati afa asati afa. Zita rake rinochema muzita renyika - Bolivia, iyo yaimbova korona yePamusoro yePamusoro Peru.
Hudu uye Vechidiki
Bolivar akaberekwa musi waChikunguru 24, 1783 muCaracas. Rizere zita - Simon José Antonio de La Santisima Trinidad Bolivar de La Concepcion-and-Ponte Palcios-and-Blanco. Biogasi anoongorora zvematongerwo enyika akagadzwa: Madzitateguru ezororo remangwana akasvika muSouth America kubva kuBasque nyika muzana ramakore rechigumi nematanhatu. Vanotama vakabudirira kuwirirana muhupenyu hweSpanish Colonies uye munguva pfupi vakatanga kutora chikamu chinoshanda muhupenyu hwemagadzikiso idzva.
Kutenda kune chiitiko cheSanta Simona, musoro weViscont, uye hauna kutenderwa naMambo weSpain. Baba vaSimoni, baba vaSimon Vincent Bollivar, vakasimbisa chinzvimbo chemhuri. Pashure porufu, vabereki vaSimoni vakasiya mudyi wenhaka kuti vachadyara, zvidyarwa, dzimba, varanda nezvishongo. Paive neanofanira kuenzaniswa nemamiriro ezvinhu epapfuma yemazuva ano, bolivar aigona kupinda mune rondedzero yemabhiriyoni emadhora.
Syrota akaunza Babamunini Carlos palacios. Mudzidzisi wezvinyorwa zvakakosha ndiye Muzivi Simon Rodriguez. Akazvitsaurira wechidiki Simon mune iyo ivhu reVenereners uye vakaudza zvakadzama pamusoro peRepublican zvibodzwa. Mushure mekupukunyuka kwaRodriguez nekudzidziswa Simon, munyori wegavhuna mukuru uye ares belo ari kuita. Kutenda kumupangisi, Simon anosangana nesainzi naAlexander Humboldt uye eMe Monplan, uyo aive nesimba rakasimba paWorld quilviar.
Muna 1799, vanochengeta vanoita sarudzo yekutumira jaya kuSpain yekudzidzisa basa racho. Bolivar anotora mhuri yehumambo. Anotsigira kutaurirana naFerdinand, mambo weSpain weSpain, uyo anozozova muvengi mukuru wezvematongerwo enyika.
Makore mana gare gare, muna 1803, Simoni anoenda kuFrance. Iyo iri kudzidza kumakosi eParis Polytechnic uye yakakwira yakajairika chikoro. Hama yake fanny yakanyatso kutaurirana neye free-tambo. Mudenderedzwa ravo, bolivar vakapinda, vachigovana navo maonero ezvematongerwo enyika uye nyika yekurongeka.
MuUnited States of America, ramangwana revachinjazve vanowira muna 1805. Muenzaniso wekusunungurwa kweUnited States kubva kuBritish zviremera dzinova muenzaniso kune vekuchinja kweSouth America. Bolivar pakati pavo. Anotenderwa mumatambudziko ake ezvematongerwo enyika. Pfungwa yekugadzira ndima yeLatin American nyika nyika dzakabatana dzeSouth America dzinovanamatira.
Zviitiko Zvematongerwo enyika
Muna 1810, Bolivar anotora chikamu mumhirizhonga neFrancisco Miranda, uyo anotungamira kuVenezuela mugore kuti azivise rusununguko. Hurumende yeSpain iri kuyedza kudzosa nyika dzekoloni. Muna 1812, uto raVenezuela rakaparadzwa, uye Miranda akaendeswa kujeri. Bolivar inoita kutiza kubva munyika uye inovanda mundima yeiyo itsva Grenada.
Pakazosvika 1813, Simoni, pamwe nevapanduki, vanoronga dhisiki nyowani, iro rinogona kutora hutachiona hweSpain. Bolivar anova Chitsauko II cheVenezuelan Republic uye anogamuchira chinzvimbo chevarengi. Asi mushure megore, maSpanji anokwanisa kugogodza Bolivar kubva kuguta guru reVenezuela - Caracas.
Zvematongerwo enyika zvinokwakudza zviremera zveGaiti uye zvinogamuchira rutsigiro. Muna 1816, Bolivar anosvika muSouth America uye anotanga kugadzirisa. Kanda uranda uye kuzivisa kuburitswa kwevarwi vevarwi vanoshingairira kutora chikamu muhondo yekuzvimiririra.
Pakazosvika 1818-1819, Simon Bolivar, nerutsigiro rwehondo yevanhu vane pfungwa dzakafanana, vanosimbisa kutonga pamusoro pevazhinji veVenezuela uye New Grenada. Pakupera kwa 1819, akasarudzwa nemutungamiri wenyika yeRepublic of the Great Columbia, iyo yaisanganisira ndima dzeColombia yeColombia neVenezuela.
Pakazosvika 1824, vaSperiards vari pasi peNdiyo yeColombiansi vobva Ecuador, Peru naBolivia vava kuwanikwa. Bolivar anova mudzvanyiriri waPeru uye muna 1825 anozvisikisa Republic of Bolivia akasikwa naye. Nhamba yezvematongerwo enyika inoramba yakatendeka kune iyo pfungwa - kugadzira United States yeSouth America, iyo yaizove chikamu chendima kubva kuPanama kuenda kuChile.
Bolivar akaedza kumumanikidza kumagariro anokosha, asi akatarisana nekutarisana kwevanhu veko. Inogashira hunhu hwekutungamirwa kweiyo Bonapartist maitiro, uye inonzi Napoleon nekuda kwemeso ake. Kuita kuti kufamba kwakatamiswa pamusoro pebasa, nekuda kweizvo zvaakarasikirwa nesimba muBolivia nePeru.
Muna 1828, Bolivar aine uto rinopinda muBogota, kwaanogadzira pekugara kwemutongi weColumbia. Mugore rimwe chetero, mumwe wevasonganiro anoronga akaedza naye. Bolivar zvinoshamisa anodzivisa rufu uye kudzvinyirira kupanduka. Iko kusangana kweBolivar kune simba rinoenderera mberi. Vakuru veCaracas vanoonekwa neDhipatimendi reVenezuela kubva kuColombia. Mutongi anorasikirwa nepesvedzero uye simba munyika. Muna 1830, anotsigira.
Hupenyu Hwako
Pana 19, Simoni, ari kuMadrid, anosangana neAristocrat Maria Teresa Rodriguez. Iye, seBolivar, ane mvumo yeCreole. Mushure memuchato, murume nemukadzi vechidiki vanosiya venezuela. Pano, mukadzi waSimoni anotapukira yellow fever uye anofa. Chiitiko ichi chakashamisa murume wechidiki, uye anopa mhiko yekuda kopari.
Shanduko muhupenyu hwega dzinoitika muna 1822, apo Bolivar akasangana neyechipiri hupenyu hwehupenyu panguva yekupinda kwemauto mune ecuado capital capital yeGreecto. Munguva yekufamba kwemapeji mumigwagwa, izere nevanhu, laurel wreath inowira mumaoko aSimoni. Revhi rinotaridzika kusangana nemusikana ane bvudzi dema akamira pamhanza uye anogamuchira anovhara.
Pamwe chete manheru, Simoni naManon vaongorori vakasangana pa bhora uye kubva kuminiti iyoyo vakaedza kuva pamwechete. Iyewo Creolen, mudiki kwemakore gumi nemaviri. Akagoverwa maonero pane kusunungurwa kwenzvimbo dzeColonial muLatin America. Apo Manuela akasangana naSimoni, akaroora Dr .. Mukadzi akatenda murume wake murume akanaka, asi anofinha. Macheki akambonakidzwa nedare rezvematongerwo enyika.
Manuela naSimon havana kuzombofi vakava murume mumwe nemumwe murume nemukadzi. Akapika kuti arambe akatendeka kumukadzi anenge achingangononoka, uye ari murume ari pamutemo. Kwaari, Bolivar akatenda neruponeso panguva yekuedza. Vanhu mushure mekuponeswa kunoshamisa kwemutungamiriri wavo kwakatanga kufonera Luelar Valator Villator.
Paakasiya chinzvimbo chemutungamiri wenzvimbo, akagutsa mwari wake kumusiya. Akaramba achimuda uye akanyora tsamba kubva kuBogota, achitaura zvakadzama nezvezvaiitika, nezve mafambisirwo aimboita semafambi atengesa bhizinesi rake. Mushure mekufa kwemuchibviro wake waanoda akaenda kune saiti. Ini ndaigara muhurombo uye ndakaedza kupona, kutengesa fodya uye maswiti. Tsamba dzakashoropo kubva kuna Simon, asi dzakapiswa panguva yeDiphththeria chirwere cheDiphtheria. Nyenyedzi dzakafa nechirwere chimwe chete uye akavigwa muguva evanhu.
Pakanga pasina vana vanobva kuBolivar.
Rufu
Simon akaenda makore makumi mana nemashanu. Chiitiko chinosiririsa chakaitika musi waDecember 17, 1830. Chikonzero cherufu hachisati chavezwa: Maererano neruzivo rumwe - kubva kuTberculosis, mune mamwe - muchetura. Mutungamiri weVenezuela Hugo chavez akaedzwa kuisa pfungwa pamusoro "uye". Chisarudzo chekubvisa muviri weichinjika chinogadzirwa.
Mushure mekuongororwa kweDNA, shanduro mbiri idzi hadzina kugashira kusimbiswa. Hugo chavez, kunyangwe mhedzisiro, yakaramba ichizivisa kuti vanunura vakaurayiwa. Mukuyeuka kwegamba rekusunungurwa kwesununguko, anochinja zita renyika kuenda kuBolivarian Republic of Venezuela.
Bolivar akatora rufu mune dzimba dzemumwe munhu, kwete kure neguta reSanta Marta. Iye asati afa, akaramba pfuma uye akatora rufu muhurombo. Akamuviga mumachira emumwe munhu.
Pashure porufu, zita reBolivivar rinoramba richirarama hupenyu hwake. Pakati pezvinyorwa zvinonakidza kune ruzivo nezvezita rekuremekedza mutemo weiyo asteroid Bolivia, yakavhurika muna 1911. Imwe yemakomo epamusoro-soro emakomo epasi rinotakurawo zita rake - Bolivar Peak. Venezuela mari ndeyeBoliVari, uye chirongwa chebumbiro chinoshongedza mabhatani emasangano akasiyana.
Muguta guru reUnited States, Washington, pane mongororo yebronze kuna Simon Bolivar yeiyo sculptor Felix de Welton. Iyo inoonekwa seyakakura kwazvo kuenzana kwechiyero kune mutemo kumadokero hemisphere.
Pane zviitiko zvefoni yekuchinja yakabviswa. Akanyanya kuzivikanwa - "Simon Bolivar" Director Alexander Blazetti ye1963 uye "Leverator" Director Alberto Arvel, Shotar muna 2013.