Biography
Iye munyori weFrance, Essura naPlaywright Albert Camo yaive mumiriri wekare wechizvarwa chake. Iko kusimudzirwa nematambudziko ehunyanzvi kwerevo yehupenyu uye kutsvaga kwechokwadi kukosha kwakapihwa kumunyori chinzvimbo pakati pevaverengi uye vakaunza mubairo weNobel mumabhuku mumakore 44.Hudu uye Vechidiki
Albert Cami akaberekerwa munaNovember 7, 1913 muMondoy, Algeria, ipapo icho chaive chikamu cheFrance. Baba vake-French vakaurayiwa munguva yehondo yenyika yekutanga, Alberta akatizadziswa gore rimwe chete. Amai vemukomana, veSpanish neakabva, vakakwanisa kupa mari shoma uye pekugara munzvimbo isina kunaka yeAlgeria nekuda kwebasa risingafadzi.
Hudu hwehudiki hwaive husina kunaka uye hwezuva. Hupenyu muAlgeria zvakaita kuti Cami anonzwa kupfuma nekuda kwekutsamwa mamiriro ekunze. "Kutaura nezvataurwa kweCambos," aigara muhurombo, asiwo anofarawo. " Nhaka yake yeSpanish yakamupa pfungwa yekuzvishingisa muhurombo uye nekuda kukudzwa. Cami yakatanga kunyora achiri mudiki.
MuAlgeria University, iye akanyanya kudzidza uzivi - kukosha uye zvinoreva hupenyu, achiratidza kuenzanisa kwechibereko cheHellenism nechiKristu. Ndichiri mudzidzi, murume uyu akaverengera Theatre, panguva imwe chete iyoyo yaakakwanisa uye kutamba mumitambo. Na 17, Alberta anorwara aine tubabelosis, izvo zvisina kumutendera kuti aite zvemitambo, mabasa emauto uye ekudzidzisa. Cami yakashanda munzvimbo dzakasiyana siyana vasati vava mutori venhau muna 1938.
Mabhuku ake ekutanga akaburitswa aive "aine nzara uye aine nzara uye aine makore 1937 uye" mutambo wemuchato "muna 1939 - muunganidzwa wemazano akazvipira kune zvinoreva hupenyu uye mufaro wayo, uye kusava nebasa. Albert camus tsamba yemhando yakaratidza gakava neyechinyakare bourgeois novel. Yake isinganyatso kufarira kuongororwa kupfuura matambudziko ehunyanzvi.
Camus yakagadzira pfungwa yekusavimbika, iyo yakapa musoro wemabasa mazhinji ekutanga. Iko kusanzwisisika ndiko kusingagumi pakati pekuda kwemunhu kusvika kumufaro uye nyika, yaanogona kunzwisisa ration, uye nyika chaiyo, inotyisidzirwa uye isina kutyisidzirwa. Chikamu chechipiri chemafungiro aNki chakamuka kubva kune chekutanga: munhu haafanire kungoita zvinhu zvisina musoro, asiwo "umude" kumukira. Uku kusimuka hakuna zvematongerwo enyika, asi muzita rezvetsika tsika.
Mabhuku
"Kutanga kweRoma" Srrying ", rakabudiswa muna 1942, rakazvipira kune zvakaipa zvemunhu. Iri bhuku rinotaura nezvemutungamiriri wechidiki anonzi Merso, iro riri nyaya uye hunhu hukuru. Merso mutorwa kune vese vanotarisirwa manzwiro evanhu, iye "anoshamisa" muhupenyu. Nhamo yemuchato inoonekwa pamhenderekedzo yegungwa apo gamba richiwirirana mune gakava haisi mumhosva yayo, sheet araba.
Chikamu chechipiri chebhuku chakatsaurirwa kudare rake kuuraya uye chirevo kusvika kune rufu mutongo, chaanonzwisisa nezvenzira imwecheteyo sezvavakauraya Araba. Merso akatendeseka zvachose mukutondedzera manzwiro ake, uye kutendeseka uku kunoita kuti ive "mutorwa" munyika uye inovimbisa kutendiswa. Mamiriro ezvinhu akajairika anomiririra zvisina musoro zvehupenyu, uye izvi zvinogadziriswa neye chinangwa chemafuta uye chisina ruvara rwebhuku.
Cami akadzokera kuAlgeia muna 1941 uye apedza bhuku rake rinotevera "ngano pamusoro peSisyiff", rakaburitswawo muna 1942. Ichi chinyorwa chehunyanzvi nezvehunhu hwehupenyu husina chinangwa. Hunhu hwechinyakare sisif, vatongerwe nekusingaperi, vanosimudza dombo rinorema kugomo chete kuti aendese pasi zvakare. SSIFA inova chiratidzo chevanhu uye mukuedza kwayo nguva dzose kunowana kukunda kwakashata.
Muna 1942, vakadzokera kuFrance, Cami akabatana neboka "kuramba" uye akaitwa mutori wepasi pevhu kukuru "muna 1944, paakazova mupepeti wepepanhau" muhondo "kwemakore matatu. Zvakare panguva ino, mitambo yake yekutanga yakaiswa: "Kusanzwisisana" muna 1944 uye "Caligula" muna 1945
Basa guru mune yekutanga kutamba rakatamba neActress Maria Kazares. Kushanda naCami kwakatamira muukama hwakadzama murefu mukureba mumakore matatu. Mary akaramba ari hukama hushamwari na Albert kurufu rwake. Musoro mukuru wemutambo ndiko kusava nebasa kwehupenyu uye kuguma kwerufu. Yakanga iri mumutambo wemakwikwi akanzwa zvakanyanya kubudirira.
Muna 1947, Albert akaburitsa rake repiri rechipiri "denda". Panguva ino, Cami yakatarisa pane yakanaka yemurume. Achitsanangura kurwiswa kwekunyepedzera kweiyo Bubonic denda muAlgeria Guta reOran, akafungazve nenyaya yekusagadzikana, inoratidzwa nekutambura kusine musoro uye kusakwana uye kufa kwakakwana kunokonzerwa nedenda.
Iye anorondedzera, Dr. Rie, akatsanangura nezve "kutendeseka" - uyu munhu akachengetedza simba rehunhu uye ari kuyedza, kunyangwe risingakwanisi pakubuda kwechirwere.
Pane imwe nhanho, bhuku racho rinogona kutariswa seyakafungidzira zano rekugara kweGerman muFrance. "Denda" rakagamuchira mukurumbira wevaverengi sechiratidzo chekurwira zvakaipa nekutambura - matambudziko makuru ehunhu.
Bhuku rinotevera reCE CAM rave "munhu anopandukira." Unganidzo inosanganisira matatu mabasa ehunyanzvi emunyori, pasina izvo zvakaoma kunzwisisa pfungwa yayo yekurega kusvika kumagumo. Mubasa, iye akabvunzwa mibvunzo: Kusunungurwa uye chokwadi, izvo zvine munhu akasununguka zvechokwadi. Hupenyu muCamous imhongo. Uye zvakakodzera kusimuka kumuka kuitira kuti urarame muchokwadi.
Hupenyu Hwako
Pana June 16, 1934, Cami akaroora Simone Hee, uyo aimboita shamwari yemunyori max-fuchee. Nekudaro, hupenyu hunofadza hwevanhu vadiki hwavangaruki kwenguva pfupi - vaviri vacho vakatanga kuna June 1936, uye kurambana kwakapera munaSeptember 1940.
Zvita 3 40, 1940, akaroora Francine Francis, mudzidzisi uye emasvomhu uye akasangana muna 1937. Kunyangwe Allber aida mudzimai wake, aisatenda muanoitwa nemuchato. Pasinei neizvi, vaviri vaviri vaive vanasikana veCatherine naJean, vakaberekwa musi waSeptember 5, 1945.
Rufu
Muna 1957, mubairo weNobel mumabhuku ake mabasa ake akagamuchirwa nemubairo weNobel. Mugore rimwe chetero, Albert akatanga kushanda pamwe chete neyechina chakakosha, uye aizozove mutungamiriri weiyo huru yeParis Theater.
Musi waJanuary 4, 1960, akafa mutsaona yemotokari mune rimwe guta diki reVilblevin. Iye munyori aive nemakore makumi matanhatu nematanhatu. Kunyangwe vazhinji vakakurudzira kuti chikonzero chekufa kwemunyori yaive tsaona yakarongwa nemakanzuru, hapana humbowo hweizvi. Makamuri akapukunyuka mukadzi wake nevana.
Basa rake mbiri rakaburitswa patsva: "Rufu runofara", rwakanyorwa mukupera kwa19301, uye munhu wekutanga "(1994), ndiani akanyorera Cami kwenguva yekufa kwake. Mhosva yemunyori yakave yekurasikirwa kunoshungurudza mabhuku, nekuti akange achiri kunyora anoshanda mukukura zvakanyanya uye zera rekuziva uye nekuwedzera biography yake yekugadzira.
Mushure mekufa kwaAlbert Cami, vatungamiriri vazhinji vepanyika vakatanga mabasa evaFrench kuti vafemere. Kune mafirimu matanhatu akavakirwa pamabhuku eiyo muzivi, uye imwe yehunyanzvi biography umo magwaro ekutanga emunyori anopiwa uye mafoto ayo chaiwo anoratidzwa.
Quotes
"Kune chizvarwa chimwe nechimwe, chakaitirwa kuti uzvifunge kuti ndirevo nyika" "Handidi kuve hunyanzvi, ndine matambudziko andinouya, ndichiedza kuva murume" "kuziva zvatinoda kufa, inoshandura hupenyu hwedu muchijohwe "" Rwendo seyakawandisa uye zvakakomba sainzi inotibatsira zvakare kuzviwanaBHAIBHERI
- 1937 - "Kuchinjana Uye Chiso"
- 1942 - "Srrying"
- 1942 - "Ngano pamusoro peSisyiff"
- 1947 - "Dza"
- 1951 - "Raw Pie"
- 1956 - "Kuwa"
- 1957 - "Kugamuchira Vaeni"
- 1971 - "Rufu Runofara"
- 1978 - "Fambai Dhiary"
- 1994 - "Munhu Wokutanga"